Protein kinases act as central molecular switches in the control of cellular functions. Alterations in the regulation and function of protein kinases may provoke diseases including cancer. In this ...study we investigate the conformational states of such disease-associated kinases using the high sensitivity of the kinase conformation (KinCon) reporter system. We first track BRAF kinase activity conformational changes upon melanoma drug binding. Second, we also use the KinCon reporter technology to examine the impact of regulatory protein interactions on LKB1 kinase tumor suppressor functions. Third, we explore the conformational dynamics of RIP kinases in response to TNF pathway activation and small molecule interactions. Finally, we show that CDK4/6 interactions with regulatory proteins alter conformations which remain unaffected in the presence of clinically applied inhibitors. Apart from its predictive value, the KinCon technology helps to identify cellular factors that impact drug efficacies. The understanding of the structural dynamics of full-length protein kinases when interacting with small molecule inhibitors or regulatory proteins is crucial for designing more effective therapeutic strategies.
While there is a growing body of literature on the use of algorithms in journalistic principles and professional practices in general, there is a gap in the literature regarding the adoption of AI, ...algorithms, and automation in the journalistic field in the United Arab Emirates. This paper explores the journalistic field by providing empirical perspectives on algorithmic adoption and its relationship between journalistic values and algorithmic innovation. Through semi-structured interviews, we explore how AI adoption amongst journalists explains the gaps between journalistic values and journalistic practices empowered by algorithms. The findings suggest that, in large part, the journalists and news organizations have recognized the strategic value of AI for journalism and journalistic quality. However, the future of AI journalism depends on balancing algorithms with editorial and ethical parameters. To maintain the integrity and trustworthiness of the content, news organizations and journalists themselves need to be able to define how AI is used in the field.
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We argue that much academic misconduct can be explained as the result of social dilemmas occurring at two levels of management science. First, the career benefits associated with engaging in ...noncredible research practices (NCRPs; e.g., data manipulation, fabricating results, data hoarding, undisclosed HARKing) result in many academics choosing self-interest over collective welfare. These perverse incentives derive from journal gatekeepers who are pressed into a similar social dilemma; namely, an individual journal's status (i.e., its "impact factor") is likely to suffer from unilaterally implementing practices that help ensure the credibility of management science claims (e.g., dedicating journal space to strict replications, crowd-sourcing replications, data-submission requirements, in-house analysis checks, registered reports, Open Practice badges). Fortunately, research on social dilemmas and collective action offers solutions. For example, journal editors could pledge to publish a certain number of credibility boosting articles contingent on a proportion of their "peer" journals doing the same. Details for successful implementation of conditional pledges, other social dilemma solutions—including actions for management academics who support changes in journal practices (e.g., reviewer boycotts/buycotts), and insights on credibility-supportive journal practices from other fields—are provided.
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La ética periodística y la ética empresarial tienen más en común de lo que se ha reconocido tradicionalmente. Así, a partir de una muestra del tratamiento informativo realizado por un diario ...generalista-referente en España-al pontificado de Benedicto XVI, se proponen algunos de los retos a los que debe atender la primera, considerando el examen de las ideas ofrecidas por quienes operan desde la perspectiva de las organizaciones.
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The aim of the current systematic review was to monitor and provide an overview of the research performed about the roles of media in suicide prevention in order to find out possible effects media ...reporting on suicidal behaviours might have on actual suicidality (completed suicides, attempted suicides, suicidal ideation). The systematic review was performed following the principles of the PRISMA statement and includes 56 articles. Most of the studies support the idea that media reporting and suicidality are associated. However, there is a risk of reporting bias. More research is available about how irresponsible media reports can provoke suicidal behaviours (the 'Werther effect') and less about protective effect media can have (the 'Papageno effect'). Strong modelling effect of media coverage on suicide is based on age and gender. Media reports are not representative of official suicide data and tend to exaggerate sensational suicides, for example dramatic and highly lethal suicide methods, which are rare in real life. Future studies have to encounter the challenges the global medium Internet will offer in terms of research methods, as it is difficult to define the circulation of news in the Internet either spatially or in time. However, online media can provide valuable innovative qualitative research material.
As cash-strapped metropolitan newspapers struggle to maintain their
traditional influence and quality reporting, large national and
international outlets have pivoted to serving readers who can and
...will choose to pay for news, skewing coverage toward a wealthy,
white, and liberal audience. Amid rampant inequality and distrust,
media outlets have become more out of touch with the democracy they
purport to serve. How did journalism end up in such a predicament,
and what are the prospects for achieving a more equitable future?
In News for the Rich, White, and Blue , Nikki Usher recasts
the challenges facing journalism in terms of place, power, and
inequality. Drawing on more than a decade of field research, she
illuminates how journalists decide what becomes news and how news
organizations strategize about the future. Usher shows how
newsrooms remain places of power, largely white institutions
growing more elite as journalists confront a shrinking job market.
She details how Google, Facebook, and the digital-advertising
ecosystem have wreaked havoc on the economic model for quality
journalism, leaving local news to suffer. Usher also highlights how
the handful of likely survivors-well-funded media outlets such as
the New York Times -increasingly appeal to a global,
"placeless" reader. News for the Rich, White, and Blue
concludes with a series of provocative recommendations to reimagine
journalism to ensure its resiliency and its ability to speak to a
diverse set of issues and readers.
The internet era has contributed greatly to the dynamic development of journalism. The consequences of the presence of the internet in journalism change at least two basic things, namely the ...presentation of journalistic products and the behavior of journalists. The internet has given rise to new media platforms, namely online media and changing information dissemination to be faster and more massive. The internet also affects journalist behavior in the field in the process of searching, processing and disseminating information. On the one hand, journalistic ethics as signs that regulate journalistic products and journalist behavior has shifted in the era of internet journalism. The Journalistic Code of Ethics is considered to only regulate the ethical side of conventional journalism practices and does not cover online journalism. This is what makes many violations of journalistic ethics in online media. This study aims to find out how the shift in journalistic ethics in online journalism. This research will also describe how forms of journalistic ethics violate in online media both in terms of journalistic products and journalist behavior. The results of this study are expected to provide input to the articles in the Journalistic Code of Ethics to be applied not only in the practice of conventional journalism but also online journalism.
The American Psychological Association's (APA's) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (American Psychological Association, 2017b; hereinafter referred to as the Ethics Code) does ...not contain an enforceable standard regarding psychologists' role in either honoring or protecting the free speech of others, or ensuring that their own free speech is protected, including an important corollary of free speech, the protection of academic freedom. Illiberal acts illegitimately restrict civil liberties. We argue that the ethics of illiberal acts have not been adequately scrutinized in the Ethics Code. Psychologists require free speech to properly enact their roles as scientists as well as professionals who wish to advocate for their clients and students to enhance social justice. This article delineates criteria for what ought to be included in the Ethics Code, argues that ethical issues regarding the protection of free speech rights meet these criteria, and proposes language to be added to the Ethics Code.
Public Significance Statement
Freedom of speech is a fundamental civil right and currently has come under threat. Psychologists can only perform their duties as scientists, educators, or practitioners if they are not censored or fear censorship. The American Psychological Association's (APA's) Ethics Code contains no enforceable ethical standard to protect freedom of speech for psychologists. This article examines the ethics of free speech and argues for amending the APA Ethics Code to more clearly delineate psychologists' rights and duties regarding free speech. This article argues that such protection is an ethical matter and for specific language to be included in the Ethics Code.
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The rise of social media has spawned private news organizations in China that are encountering problems regarding how to gain public and journalistic acceptance and recognition as newcomers and how ...to survive without a news license. Drawing on organizational legitimacy theory, this paper investigates the strategies employed by private news organizations to construct multiple layers of legitimacy including regulatory, normative and cognitive legitimacy in China's unique context and the social media era. Based on in-depth interviews with 20 practitioners of private news organizations and participant observation in one private news agency, findings showed that private news organizations (1) gain regulatory legitimacy through news production methods including "misplacing registration", "playing with official hats" and "depoliticization"; (2) establish normative legitimacy by emphasizing their adherence to traditional journalistic values, norms, and routines, and their similarities to state-owned media; (3) obtain cognitive legitimacy through the creation of "hot news" with reliance on professional reputation. This study thereby explores these strategies to reflect the path of "dependent autonomy" of private news organizations and provides an institutional and organizational perspective to understand the constraints and characteristics of social media journalism in China.
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