Submarine Cables: The Handbook of Law and Policy provides a one-stop-shop of essential information regarding the law and policy issues that affect the protection, laying, maintenance and operation of ...submarine cables in the world's oceans.
Plastic debris in the environment contains plasticizers, such as phthalates (PAEs), that can be released during plastic aging. Here, two common plastic materials, an insulation layer of electric ...cables (polyvinyl chloride, PVC-cables) and plastic garbage bag (polyethylene, PE-bags), were incubated in natural seawater under laboratory conditions, and the PAE migration to the seawater phase was studied with varying light and bacterial conditions over a 90-day time course. Free PAEs diluted in seawater were also studied for bacterial degradation. Our results showed that, within the first month of incubation, both plastic materials significantly leached out PAEs into the surrounding water. We found that di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) were the main PAEs released from the PE-bags, with the highest values of 83.4 ± 12.5 and 120.1 ± 18.0 ng g–1 of plastic, respectively. Furthermore, dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP) were the main PAEs released from PVC-cables, with mass fractions as high as 9.5 ± 1.4 and 68.9 ± 10.3 ng g–1, respectively. Additionally, we found that light and bacterial exposure increased the total amount of PAEs released from PVC-cables by a factor of up to 5, whereas they had no influence in the case of PE-bags.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This work focuses on two topics. The first is the investigation of producing filaments on copper-stabilized coated conductors, with striations made after or before electroplating the tape. The second ...topic is the applicability of the striations for reducing the AC losses of cables, in particular the CORC® and RACC cables, which are made with high-temperature superconductor (HTS) striated tapes.
High-temperature superconductors have distinct advantages compared to conventional conductors. Below their critical temperature, superconductors have immeasurably low ohmic losses. To maintain the ...superconducting state, superconductors require constant cooling. This study aims at identifying the environmental impacts of the application of superconductors in future grid technologies such as superconducting power cables.
The sparsity of permanent seismic instrumentation in marine environments often limits the availability of subsea information on geohazards, including active fault systems, in both time and space. One ...sensing resource that provides observational access to the seafloor environment are existing networks of ocean bottom fiber optic cables; these cables, coupled to modern distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems, can provide dense arrays of broadband seismic observations capable of recording both seismic events and the ambient noise wavefield. Here, we report a marine DAS application which demonstrates the strength and limitation of this new technique on submarine structural characterization. Based on ambient noise DAS records on a 20 km section of a fiber optic cable offshore of Moss Landing, CA, in Monterey Bay, we extract Scholte waves from DAS ambient noise records using interferometry techniques and invert the resulting multimodal dispersion curves to recover a high resolution 2D shear-wave velocity image of the near seafloor sediments. We show for the first time that the migration of coherently scattered Scholte waves observed on DAS records can provide an approach for resolving sharp lateral contrasts in subsurface properties, particularly shallow faults and depositional features near the seafloor. Our results provide improved constraints on shallow submarine features in Monterey Bay, including fault zones and paleo-channel deposits, thus highlighting one of many possible geophysical uses of the marine cable network.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Promoting two types and two transformations, and achieving two transformations is a medium- and long-term development strategy for cable implementation, and is committed to a smart, efficient, ...reliable, and green direction. The biggest difficulty in the research of distribution cables is the research of cables, and it is also the key point that affects the reliability of power supply. The article discusses the application of wireless radio frequency technology to the on-site identification of cables to improve the efficiency of on-site cable positioning and fault handling, improve power supply reliability, Cable intelligent, efficient and reliable cable research methods use radio frequency technology identification methods to collect on-site cable and equipment attribute information, establish on-site underground cable information identification network, establish data electronic ledger in the background, and then enrich the cable GIS system data, Analyse the comprehensive energy consumption of the cable, and provide a scientific research reference direction for the distribution network cable research.
Kondisi hutan alam Indonesia yang masih tersisa sekarang ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pemanenan dengan penyaradan di permukaan tanah sudah sangat sulit dilakukan karena medannya kebanyakan mempunyai ...kelerengan curam atau terpotong-potong oleh sungai, lembah dan berbagai rintangan lainnya. Penerapan sistem penyaradan di permukaan tanah untuk kondisi tersebut akan menyebabkan operasi pemanenan tidak efektif, tidak efisien, merusak lingkungan hutan dan membahayakan pekerja lapangan. Di sisi lain, sampai saat ini teknologi sistem kabel sudah berkembang jauh dan berbagai macam tipe sudah tersedia di pasaran. Beberapa ujicoba dan penelitian di Indonesia menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan sistem kabel untuk pemanenan hutan alam adalah baik. Salah satu tuntutan yang makin menonjol dalam pemanenan hutan dewasa ini adalah perlindungan terhadap lingkungan hutan. Karena itu sistem yang menjadi pilihan adalah yang ramah terhadap lingkungan. Hal tersebut sudah banyak ditunjukkan oleh sistem kabel. Oleh karena itu sudah saatnya mendorong pemanfaatan sistem kabel di Indonesia. Untuk membangun dan memajukan penggunaan sistem kabel di Indonesia diperlukan adanya upaya-upaya membangun kemampuan menggunakan sistem kabel, mencakup bidang teknis, sumberdaya manusia, kelembagaan, penelitian dan pengembangan, pengetatan pelaksanaan peraturan, pembangunan kesadaran dan kemauan para pihak terkait dan pemasyarakatan sistem kabel.
•Waste plastics were used to produce concrete and mortar plastic compounds.•Parameters as density, porosity, and water absorption were studied.•Mechanical properties of mortar and concrete plastic ...compounds were measured.•The studied materials showed an important decrease in thermal conductivity.
In this paper the improvement of thermal insulation behavior of concrete and mortar plastic compounds is presented. The materials studied were obtained by adding to mortar and concrete five different percentages of two types of plastic waste (polyethylene and PVC residues coming out of electric cable protective sheath). Parameters as density, porosity, water absorption and carbonation behavior were studied. The time evolution of mechanical properties (compression and flexural) were characterized to finally study and model the thermal conductivity, that is shown, in all studied cases, to have higher decrease than the expected.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Despite the extensive research and development investments into superconducting science and technology, both at the fundamental and at the applied levels, many benefits of superconducting ...transmission lines (SCTL) remain unknown to the public and decision makers at large. This paper aims at informing about the progress in this important research field. Superconducting transmission lines have a tremendous size advantage and lower total electrical losses for high capacity transmission plus a number of technological advantages compared to solutions based on standard conductors. This leads to a minimized environmental impact and enables an overall more sustainable transmission of electric energy. One of the direct benefits may be an increased public acceptance due to the low visual impact with a subsequent reduction of approval time. The access of remote renewable energy (RE) sources with high-capacity transmission is rendered possible with superior efficiency. That not only translates into further reducing CO2 emissions in a global energy mix that is still primarily based on fossils, but can also facilitate the development of RE sources given for instance the strong local opposition against the construction of new transmission lines. The socio-economic aspects of superconducting transmission lines based on the novel magnesium diboride (MgB2) superconductor and on high-temperature superconductors (HTS) are compared to state-of-the-art HVDC overhead lines and underground cables based on resistive conductors.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Listrik menjadi salah satu energi vital dalam sistem pelayanan di rumah sakit. Pemadaman listrik secara tiba-tiba di rumah sakit akan mengakibatkan kerugian dari segi finansial, pelayanan, bahkan ...keselamatan. Pemadaman listrik di rumah sakit akan menimbulkan kerugian pendapatan dan psikologi pasien akibat tindakan operasi yang dibatalkan dan pemindahan pasien. Kualitas dan keandalan daya yang kurang baik akan menyebabkan penurunan pelayanan dan pengeluaran anggaran biaya listrik yang berlebihan pada. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat perencanaan power monitoring dengan menggunakan teknologi wireless kWh meter, untuk dapat menentukan wireless kWh meter yang paling baik secara kualitas dan ekonomis serta dapat menentukan kabel distribusi listrik yang tepat pada instalasi listrik rumah sakit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, wireless kWh meter dapat diterapkan pada beberapa alat dengan tegangan rendah, untuk tegangan menengah dan tinggi perlu melakukan survey produk lebih lanjut. Wireless kWh meter yang dapat diterapkan pada penelitian ini untuk satu fasa SonOff Pow R2 dan untuk tiga fasa TOMZN DTS238-7. Kabel distribusi listrik yang dapat diterapkan pada instalasi rumah sakit adalah kabel NYM dengan ukurannya disesuaikan dengan besar arus yang ada pada peralatan.
PDF
