Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a South American plant that contains twice more caffeine compared to coffee beans, and has a stimulatory effect. Thus guarana preparations in the form of capsules, ...tablets, powders, teas, syrups and energy drinks contain a lot of caffeine, which can rapidly cause poisoning even when only slightly overdosed. Caffeine poisoning may result in irritability, insomnia, anxiety, restlessness, muscle twitching, nausea or vomiting, rapid heart beat or cardiac arrhythmias, high blood pressure, sweating, diuresis and gastroinestinal disturbance. This report presents two cases of guarana overdose with the common caffeine poisoning symptoms and signs. Guarana in therapeutic doses can exacerbate underlying cardiac disease (especially cardiac arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, heart failure) and diabetes. Furthermore, children, pregnant and nursing women should avoid guarana as well. Treatment of guarana poisoning is symptomatic, mainly with benzodiazepines and by fluid and electrolyte substitution.
Dihalni premori (ali apnoične atake, pavze, apneje) zaradi nedonošenosti so ena najpogosteje postavljenih diagnoz v neonatalnih intenzivnih enotah. Dihalni premori so prehodne narave in nastanejo ...zaradi motnje v prilagoditvi dihalnega centra in dihal na zunajmaternično življenje ter nezrelosti receptorjev, ki zaznavajo delne tlake kisika in ogljikovega dioksida. Pomembno podaljšujejo trajanje hospitalizacije ter imajo lahko škodljive dolgoročne posledice.V preglednem prispevku opredeljujemo dihalne premore zaradi nedonošenosti. Predstavljamo klasifikacijo, epidemiologijo, patofiziološko ozadje in nadzorovanje srčno-dihalnih funkcij nedonošenčkov. Opisujemo, kako postaviti diagnozo dihalnih premorov zaradi nedonošenosti, sekundarne vzroke apneje in diferencialnodiagnostične možnosti ter nekatera stanja, ki so povezana z dihalnimi premori zaradi nedonošenosti. Velik del prispevka je namenjen predstavitvi možnih terapevtskih ukrepov, med njimi tudi takih, ki še niso prodrli v splošno klinično prakso, saj so za potrditev njihove učinkovitosti potrebne nadaljnje raziskave. Sklepni del članka ponuja pregled raziskav, v katerih so proučevali genetsko podlago dihalnih premorov zaradi nedonošenosti in predstavitev njihovih rezultatov.
In 2008 and 2009 we studied molluscicidal activity of 26 substances in 89 different treatments under laboratory conditions. The experiments in which slugs (Arion spp.) were a part took place in two ...series: 1) with the injection of active substances in slug intestines; and 2) with the application of pellets. After giving the injection we observed 100% mortality of slugs in treatments with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual), caffeine (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual), sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 5% concentration/individual, 0.0625 ml in 10% concentration/individual), and pirimicarb (0.25 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 10% concentration/individual, 0.125 ml in 5% concentration/individual, 0.0625 ml in 10% concentration/individual). Meanwhile, the application of pellets resulted in the highest (100%) slug mortality when sodium dodecyl sulphate in 0.5% concentration with caraway as a supplement was used.
Z V letih 2008 in 2009 smo v laboratorijskih razmerah preizkušali limacidno delovanje 26 snovi v 89 različnih obravnavanjih. Poskusi, v katere smo vključili polže lazarje (Arion spp.), so potekali v dveh serijah, in sicer z injiciranjem aktivne snovi v prebavilo polžev in z uporabo pelet. Pri injiciranju smo 100 % smrtnost polžev ugotovili v obravnavanju z bakterijo Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), kofeinom (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), natrijevim dodecil sulfatom (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 5 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,0625 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), in pirimikarbom (0,25 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,125 ml v 5 % koncentraciji/osebek; 0,0625 ml v 10 % koncentraciji/osebek), medtem ko smo največjo (100 %) smrtnost polžev pri uporabi pelet dosegli z natrijevim dodecil sulfatom v 0,5 % koncentraciji z dodatkom kumine.
Caffeine, coffee, and health Garattini, S
Monographs of the Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan (USA),
1993
Book
Begins with a survey of coffee consumption and analyses of the composition of coffee, the metabolism of caffeine and other components of coffee, and the mechanism of action of caffeine. Reviews and ...assesses the experimental, clinical, and epidemiological data on the cardiovascular effects of caffeine; its role in myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases; its psychopharmacology and influence on sleep, wakefulness, and cognitive function; its reproductive effects and hazards; and its carcinogenic and mutagenic potential
Alcohol and caffeine are deeply woven into the fabric of life for most of the world's population. Laced with anecdotes and lore, this book explains the effect of caffeine and alcohol, debunking old ...myths and misconceptions.
Kofein je gotovo neizbježan sastojak naše svakodnevne prehrane. Donedavno je pretjerana upotreba kofeina smatrana dopingom. Od 2004. godine kofein nije više na listi zabranjenih sredstava ...Međunarodnog olimpijskog odbora. No, i prije te promjene interes za ergogena svojstva kofeina bio je velik. U ovom će se preglednom članku ukratko prezentirati ergogena svojstva kofeina, kao i mehanizmi koji bi im mogli biti u podlozi. Osvrnut ćemo se i na doze kofeina i tempiranje njegove primjene, ali i na moguće neželjene učinke kofeina. Na kraju, razmotrit će se neke etičke dvojbe oko uporabe kofeina u sportu
Kofein podaný večer snižuje ospalost a zvyšuje pozornost a schopnost poznávat. Zpožďuje však též časový cirkadiánní systém, neboť následující den po podání je zpožděn rytmus v tvorbě melatoninu, ...ukazatele fáze cirkadiánních hodin. Vynucená desynchronizace mezi spánkem a dobou vysoké noční hladiny melatoninu, která signalizuje subjektivní noc jedince, vede k narušení celého cirkadiánního systému.
Helena Illnerová.
Evening caffeine consumption attenuates sleepiness and increases attention and cognitive abilities. In addition, it delays the circadian timekeeping system, as the next day after caffeine consumption the human melatonin rhythm, a circadian clock phase marker, is delayed. Forced desynchrony of sleep and the interval of high melatonin levels, which indicates a subjective night for an individual, leads to a disruption of the circadian system.
J. Tchekalarova, H. Kubová, P. Mareš.
Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Repeated postnatal caffeine treatment of rat pups led to transient developmental changes in cortical epileptic ...afterdischarges. To know if physiological cortical functions are also affected transcallosal evoked potentials were studied. Rat pups of the Wistar strain were injected daily with caffeine (10 or 20 mg/kg s.c.) from postnatal day (P) 7 to P11, control siblings received saline. Cortical interhemispheric responses were tested at P12, 18, 25 and in young adult rats. Amplitude of initial monosynaptic components was evaluated in averaged responses. Single pulses as well as paired and frequency (five pulses) stimulations were used. Developmental rules - highest amplitude of responses in 25-day-old rats, potentiation with paired and frequency stimulation present since P18 - were confirmed. Caffeine-treated rats exhibited transient changes: single responses were augmented in P25 if high stimulation intensity was used, paired-pulse and freque ncy responses were higher in experimental than in control anim als at P12, the opposite change was observed in 18- and more ma rkedly in 25-day-old rats. No significant changes were found in adult animals, monosynaptic transcallosal responses represent a simple and robust system. The developmental profile of described changes did not exactly correspond to changes in epileptic afterdischarges supporting the possibility that afterdischarges did not arise from early monosynaptic components of responses. In spite of transient nature of changes they can reflect delayed or more probably modified brain development.
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