Turizam je ekonomska aktivnost koja je posljednih desetljeća doživjela najdinamičniji razvoj, ali ga karakterizira i osjetljivost u mnogim aspektima. Kako je pandemija Covid-a-19 prouzročila globalno ...drastična usporavanja i izazove kao nikada ranije, autori smatraju da je važno učiti iz prošlosti kako bi se razumjela priroda kriza u turizmu te mikro- i makroekonomski odgovori na njih te kako bi se bolje pripremili na njih. Cilj je ove rasprave mapirati prošle krize koje su utjecale na turizam i analizirati njihov utjecaj na odluke o putovanjima prema vrsti krize uz korištenje metodologije sustavnog pregleda literature (SLR). Autori vjeruju da rezultati ukazuju na razloge za sve veću potrebu proširivanja našeg akademskog i praktičnog znanja o segmentaciji tržišta potrošača. Na osnovu ukupnih rezultata pregleda, ovaj rad doprinosi boljem razumijevanju utjecaja kriza na odluke o putovanju kako bi se izvijestilo o dostignutim i budućim teoretskim i empirijskim saznanjima u području, naročito u marketingu i planiranju u turizmu. Nakon rasprave teorijskih i praktičnih implikacija rezultata te interpretacije prirode studije, članak zaključuje pozivom na daljnja ciljana istraživanja.
Tourism has been one of the most dynamically developing sectors in recent decades, is also vulnerable in numerous aspects. Since the COVID-19 pandemic caused such global drastic fallbacks and challenges as never before, the authors believe that it is crucial to learn from the past to understand the nature of crises in tourism and the micro- and macroeconomic responses to them, in order to be better prepared. The aim of this study is to map past crises affecting tourism and to analyse their impact on travel decisions according to the type of crisis, using the methodology of a systematic literature review (SLR). The authors believe that the results establish the reasons for the extremely increasing need for expanding our scholarly and practical knowledge concerning consumer market segmentation. Based on the comprehensive findings of the review, this article contributes to the indepth understanding of the impact of crises on travel decisions to apprise recent and future theoretical and empirical advances in the area, especially in tourism marketing and planning. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed and given the exploratory nature of the work, the paper concludes calling for further targeted research.
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U svjetskoj ekonomiji nafta zauzima jednu od najvažnijih uloga u gospodarskom razvoju svake zemlje. S obzirom da je strateški važna sirovina, njena cijena utječe na različite grane nacionalnih ...gospodarstava, kretanja političkih i gospodarskih trendova, kretanja indeksa na burzama te stanje svjetskog gospodarstva općenito. Tijekom povijesti, događali su se razni preokreti cijena nafte, čime bi mnoge zemlje ili tvrtke ostvarivale značajnu dobit ili upale u krizu. U razdoblju pandemije virusa SARS-CoV-2, cijena nafte drastično je potonula te se u ovom radu analizira taj pad cijene u usporedbi s cijenama tijekom prijašnjih kriza kroz povijest.
Original language summary:
Z britských lodí byl proveden útok na egyptský přístav Port Said. Po leteckých náletech následoval vojenský výsadek. Angličanům a Francouzům se podařilo obsadit severní ...vjezd do suezského průplavu. Části města jsou zničené, tisíce civilních obyvatel bylo zabito. Do oblasti kanálu byly urychleně poslány jednotky členských zemí OSN.
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Československé filmové týdeníky byly původně vysílány v kinech v letech 1945 až 1989. Od roku 1995 jsou opět vysílány v České televizi každý týden přesně po padesáti letech. Uvedené datum vysílání je datum prvního uvedení tohoto týdeníku ve vysílání České televize.
Czechoslovak Newsreels were produced and shown between 1945 and 1989. Since 1995 they have been broadcast on TV exactly 50 years after their original run in theaters. The broadcast date provided is the date of the first transmission of this news item on Czech Television.
An attack on Egyptian Port Said was launched from British ships. After air strikes, a military airdrop followed. Englishmen and Frenchmen succeeded in occupying the northern entrance of the Suez Canal. Parts of the town were destroyed, thousands of civilians were killed. Units of UN member countries were quickly sent to the channel area.
The aim of the paper is to present original findings obtained from the analysis of the SMEs (Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises) embedded in the South Moravia Region (Czech Republic). Data collected ...from the survey during 2010 was analyzed in the context of the DERREG project and the results were set with respect to globalization tendencies. The first part of the Business network questionnaire for the Czech case study took place during the spring. Forty three Small and Medium-Sized firms out of 550 approached replied to the email questionnaire. The responses provided us with a valuable insight in to how SMEs located in various territorial settings are able to develop and maintain a certain structure to their business network. In the second stage of activities, structured interviews were conducted during the summer of 2010 with follow-up questions from the questionnaire as well as the completion of an "Actor map". The analysis allowed the interviewee to classify the firms according to the dominant function of their networks. Results found that the majority of companies were not affected significantly by the economic crisis. The worst years for them were 2008 and 2009 where profits decreased in all areas of activity. Small businesses agreed that in a time of crisis it is much harder to succeed in the market against supermarkets and wholesalers, who can afford to lower the prices. A positive side of the crisis can be the fact that much more companies try to break into foreign markets where they get offered better prices for some commodities. The majority of respondents agreed that the economic crisis is retreating and they look optimistically into the future.
Cílem příspěvku je představit původní výsledky autorů zjištěné analýzou MSP (malých a středních podniků) Jihomoravského kraje (ČR). Data získaná průzkumem v roce 2010 byla analyzována v kontextu projektu DERREG a výsledky byly vztaženy k problematice globalizace. První část dotazníkového šetření obchodní sítě v české případové studii probíhala na jaře. Čtyřicet tři malých a středních podniků z 550 oslovených odpovědělo na dotazník zaslaný e-mailem. I přes takto nízkou návratnost nám odpovědi poskytly cenné informace o tom, jak jsou malé a střední podniky nacházející se v tomto regionu schopny rozvoje a udržení struktury své obchodní sítě. Druhá fáze šetření se zabývala strukturovanými rozhovory, které následovaly v letním období a podrobněji rozebíraly otázky v dotazníku. V průběhu rozhovorů byl hlavní důraz kladen především na vyplňování tabulky tvořící základ hlavního výstupu této fáze, tzv. "Mapu hlavních aktérů". Díky této analýze bylo možno zařadit firmy podle dominantní funkce jejich sítí. Většina firem nebyla krizí významně ovlivněna. Nejhoršími lety pro ně byly 2008 a 2009, kdy se snížil zisk ve všech oblastech jejich činností. Malé podniky se shodly na tom, že v době krize je mnohem těžší uspět na trhu v porovnání se supermarkety a velkoobchody, které si mohou dovolit nižší ceny. Pozitivní stránkou krize může být skutečnost, že se mnohem více firem snaží proniknout na zahraniční trhy, kde jsou nabízeny lepší ceny některých komodit. V pohledu do budoucna byla většina respondentů optimisty a shodla se na tom, že krize je na ústupu.
The subprime mortgage crisis has already wreaked havoc on the lives of millions of people and now it threatens to derail the U.S. economy and economies around the world. In this trenchant book, ...best-selling economist Robert Shiller reveals the origins of this crisis and puts forward bold measures to solve it. He calls for an aggressive response--a restructuring of the institutional foundations of the financial system that will not only allow people once again to buy and sell homes with confidence, but will create the conditions for greater prosperity in America and throughout the deeply interconnected world economy.
Shiller blames the subprime crisis on the irrational exuberance that drove the economy's two most recent bubbles--in stocks in the 1990s and in housing between 2000 and 2007. He shows how these bubbles led to the dangerous overextension of credit now resulting in foreclosures, bankruptcies, and write-offs, as well as a global credit crunch. To restore confidence in the markets, Shiller argues, bailouts are needed in the short run. But he insists that these bailouts must be targeted at low-income victims of subprime deals. In the longer term, the subprime solution will require leaders to revamp the financial framework by deploying an ambitious package of initiatives to inhibit the formation of bubbles and limit risks, including better financial information; simplified legal contracts and regulations; expanded markets for managing risks; home equity insurance policies; income-linked home loans; and new measures to protect consumers against hidden inflationary effects.
This powerful book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how we got into the subprime mess--and how we can get out.
Using a fixed effect multivariate panel logit econometric model and taking possible endogenity problem into account, we test the hypothesis that foreign bank participation contributes to decrease in ...banking crises in transition economies in 1990-2006. The results suggest that foreign bank participation decreases the possibility of banking crises, controlling for other factors that may cause banking crises. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting the first empirical evidence on the negative relationship between the actual level of foreign bank presence (or foreign bank concentration) and banking crises for transition countries.
Članak pod naslovom „Utjecaj COVID-19 pandemije na hrvatsko gospodarstvo“ bavi se vrlo aktualnim
događajima izazvanim pandemijom, a koje se odrazilo na nacionalno i globalno gospodarstvo. Na temelju
...trenutno raspoloživih podataka i provedene ankete na 358 ispitanika (iz realnog sektora i javne uprave)
u radu se analiziraju posljedice COVID-19 na hrvatsko gospodarstvo promatrano kroz pad zaposlenosti,
potrebne godine oporavka te pad BDP. Također su analizirane sličnosti i razlike sa velikom svjetskom
ekonomskom krizom 2008/2009 godine te je ispitano mišljenje poduzetnika o tome koja kriza ima značajnije
posljedice za gospodarstvo. Modelom linearne regresije je predviđen pad zaposlenosti u godinama oporavka.
Poduzetnici su složni u procjeni da je kriza uzrokovana COVID-19 pandemijom daleko razornija i pogubnija
za gospodarstvo, prvenstveno stoga jer joj se ne nazire kraj usprkos pronalasku cjepiva. Jednoglasna je
poruka poduzetnika da bez daljnjih mjera za očuvanje gospodarstva od strane Vlade neće se moći zadržati
daljnji pad zaposlenosti, kao i BDP-a, što će dovesti do produljenja potrebnog vremena oporavka hrvatskog
gospodarstva. Ovo istraživanje je osnova za buduća istraživanja utjecaja COVID-19 pandemije na hrvatsko
gospodarstvo.
NATO je postavio ambiciozni cilj da izgradi NATO Responce Force koje će brojiti oko 21.000 vojnika u sve tri grane do kraja 2006. godine, s tim da bi do kraja 2004. bile izgrađene inicijalne snage ...koje bi imale zadaću testiranja procedura i modela izgradnje ovih snaga. Novi organizacijski model NATO snaga, izrađen po uzoru na NATO Rapid Force, trebao bi pomoći u nadvladavanju stagnacije sposobnosti NATO-a, te bi povećao efikasnost i umanjio tromost glomaznog NATO sustava. Ove snage trebaju posjedovati sposobnosti da u uvjetima krize budu prve snage unutra, ali da budu i prve snage koje će biti vani, odnosno koje će biti zamijenjene u kriznom području kada u krizi mogu biti uporabljene peacekeeping snage.
In the midst of the most serious financial upheaval since the Great Depression, legendary financier George Soros explores the origins of the crisis and its implications for the future. Soros, whose ...breadth of experience in financial markets is unrivaled, places the current crisis in the context of decades of study of how individuals and institutions handle the boom and bust cycles that now dominate global economic activity. "This is the worst financial crisis since the 1930s," writes Soros in characterizing the scale of financial distress spreading across Wall Street and other financial centers around the world. In a concise essay that combines practical insight with philosophical depth, Soros makes an invaluable contribution to our understanding of the great credit crisis and its implications for our nation and the world.
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