As the second largest island in Japan, Hokkaido provides precious land resources for the Japanese people. Meanwhile, as the food base of Japan, the gradual decrease of the agricultural population and ...more intensive agricultural practices on Hokkaido have led its arable land use to change year by year, which has also caused changes to the whole land use pattern of the entire island of Hokkaido. To realize the sustainable use of land resources in Hokkaido, past and future changes in land use patterns must be investigated, and target-based land use planning suggestions should be given on this basis. This study uses remote sensing and GIS technology to analyze the temporal and spatial changes of land use in Hokkaido during the past two decades. The types of land use include cultivated land, forest, waterbody, construction, grassland, and others, by using the satellite images of the Landsat images in 2000, 2010, and 2019 to achieve this goal to make classification. In addition, this study used the coupled Markov-FLUS model to simulate and analyze the land use changes in three different scenarios in Hokkaido in the next 20 years. Scenario-based situational analysis shows that the cultivated land in Hokkaido will drop by about 25% in 2040 under the natural development scenario (ND), while the cultivated land area in Hokkaido will remain basically unchanged in cultivated land protection scenario (CP). In forest protection scenario (FP), the area of forest in Hokkaido will increase by 1580.8 km2. It is believed that the findings reveal that the forest land in Hokkaido has been well protected in the past and will be protected well in the next 20 years. However, in land use planning for future, Hokkaido government and enterprises should pay more attention to the protection of cultivated land.
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There is tenure insecurity around land ownerships and land rights in most developing countries. There are also many land-use planning projects being implemented in these countries. Often, land-use ...planning exists in these countries but is not formally linked with tenure security. This study argues that combining them by conducting land-use planning in a way that promotes tenure security presents a new approach. A central premise for the rationale of this intervention is that processes of land-use planning may inadvertently increase tenure security. By way of methodology, it evaluates land-use planning case studies from Africa, Asia and South America. It uses the three case study examples to build a case for making tenure security one of the major planned outcomes of a land-use planning process and provides a detailed framework for operationalising the concept. Its main contribution to the literature is that it introduces the concept of tenure responsive land-use planning.
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•A conceptual model of rural land use transition is proposed.•Mutability and periodicity are two characteristics of rural land use transition.•Regional response strategies of rural land consolidation ...contribute to sustainable land use.
The changes in cultivated land and rural residential land and their interrelation are the most direct manifestation of land use transition in rural areas, which is an important basis to carry out rural land consolidation scientifically. This study constructs a conceptual model of rural land use transition and analyses the process characteristics and coupling relationship of land use transition between cultivated land and rural residential land in China in four periods from 1996 to 2016. Then, it puts forward response strategies for regional rural land consolidation. As the results show, an inverse trend between cultivated land and rural residential land, together with a certain degree of volatility demonstrated an inadequate transition in rural land use system. The types of cultivated land and rural residential land transition changed from single dominant to multiple equilibrium, but the main type of rural land use system in different stages was synchronous R negative linking. The spatial pattern of cultivated land and rural residential land transition is obviously unbalanced. The transition of rural land use system in the southeastern part of Hu Huanyong Line is active, where no transition model and process transition model play a dominant role. This area can be considered as priority for rural land consolidation in the future. Rural land consolidation should conform to the rules of land use transition, establish a multi-objective oriented regional differentiation strategy system, and promote the coordinated evolution of rural land use system.
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•China's agricultural land has decreased year by year.•DEA method is used to evaluate the land use efficiency.•PSM method is employed to construct a counterfactual framework.•Land transfer impacts ...land use efficiency in two ways.
In recent years, China's agricultural land has decreased year by year. In order to alleviate the shortage of land and improve the efficiency of land use, the state has successively issued a number of relevant policies to encourage the transfer of agricultural land management rights. In this context, based on the data of 30 provinces from 2000 to 2017, this paper uses the global data envelopment method to establish indicators to evaluate the agricultural land efficiency, and uses the PSM method to construct a counterfactual framework to analyze the impact of the land transfer on agricultural land efficiency. This paper draws the following conclusions: 1) the national average value of land use efficiency is low, only 0.288, showing a decreasing trend from the east to the central and west. 2) The provinces that transfer land in are more efficient in land use than the ones with land transfer out, which further illustrates the seriousness of agricultural land tension in China. Also, this result testifies that increasing agricultural arable land can bring about a scale effect, which increases the output of unit land, while the outflow of land reduces the income of agricultural workers. This means that the land transfer in recent years is actually at the expense of agricultural operator’s interests. At last, this paper put some policy implications from the perspective of the land-use system reform, urban-rural transformation, and rural revitalization in China.
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45.
Untying the Land Knot Shen, Xiaofang; Sun, Xiaolun
2012, 05-22-2012, 2012-05-24, 20120101
eBook, Book
Open access
A decade ago in Mozambique, a stakeholder workshop where the need to improve access to industrial and commercial land as a means to encourage investment was a topic of discussion, a government ...official came up to. In order to create new jobs, generate more income, and modernize the economy, many countries see an urgent need to encourage industrial and commercial investment, both domestic and foreign. However, investment in many sectors cannot take place unless land, along with other basic factors of production, is available. This book written from the point of view of investors, and focusing on industrial and commercial land, presents what the authors have learned from the developing world through years of first-hand observation and empirical research. Amid endless stories of land policy failures, we chose to look at encouraging cases, accompanied by a set of technical discussion papers, to provide a fresh look into how some pilot reforms were tested, and to various extents succeeded, in a range of countries. The experiences and lessons learned support the argument that land policy and institutional reforms, difficult as they are politically, institutionally, and technically, are necessary if development goals are to be achieved. They further support the argument that reform is possible, even in some of the most difficult environments. Finally, they suggest that an incremental approach aimed at addressing a bottleneck issue can be helpful so long as the government keeps the long-term objectives in sight. The materials presented in this book make clear that well-designed and well-implemented reforms can make business access to land equitable, efficient, and transparent, encouraging more and sustainable investment while bringing significant benefits to all citizens.
•We analyze the theoretical framework for land consolidation boosting poverty alleviation.•The mechanisms and paths behind land consolidation China’s poverty reduction are explored.•Land ...consolidation can help to promote rural development, increase farmers’ income and reduce poverty.•Land consolidation has social, economic and ecological benefits.•The third-party assessment of the whole process of land consolidation is urgently needed.
Regional impoverishment is an external manifestation of unbalanced human-land relationship in specific areas. The important role of the full utilization of land resources in alleviating the man-land contradiction has been gradually recognized. As one of the most prominent poverty-stricken countries in the world, China has been innovating the way of land use to alleviate poverty. Under the background of land system innovation, land consolidation is an instrument to alleviate poverty. This study first analyzed the mechanism and path behind land consolidation boosting poverty alleviation, then systematically reviewed the evolution of China’s land policies related to poverty alleviation since 1978, and finally explained the successful practice of land consolidation boosting poverty alleviation through a typical case study. Results show that land consolidation has multi-functional characteristics. Land consolidation has played an active role in increasing cultivated land area, promoting agricultural production scale, improving rural production conditions and living environment, alleviating ecological risk and supporting for rural development. It also helps to create employment opportunities, promote the capitalization of land resources, widen the way for farmers to increase their income, solve the predicament of lack of land, technology and funds faced by the development of poor areas and revitalize rural economy, thus contributing to rural development and poverty alleviation. Nevertheless, third-party assessment of the whole process of socio-economic and ecological impacts of land consolidation is still needed. Decision-making of land consolidation needs to take full account of different stakeholders’ interests and bottom-up participation is also necessary. These findings will provide beneficial reference for making-decision for sustainable land use and effective poverty alleviation in other developing countries.
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The paper develops a blockchain-enabled framework for stool land acquisition in Ghana that makes it possible for parties with interest in lands to object to their sale if the transaction is being ...conducted on their blind side. The framework also makes it possible for potential land buyers to authenticate in real-time the ownership status of the land they want to acquire–whether the property is registered with the Lands Commission or has been deregistered from the Commission’s records. The framework is a response to Ghana’s current opaque and weakly coordinated land administration systems flourishing the phenomenon of multiple sale of same lands and other land tenure security problems in the country. Further to providing a blockchain-enabled stool lands acquisition framework that enhances transparency, accountability, and better land records keeping in Ghana, the paper takes issues with the view widely held in international development, government, judicial, and some academic circles that titling or lease registration is the only or primary viable means of securing land rights. Our findings from Ghana show that in addition to creating predatory economies for powerful land sector actors (e.g., chiefs and land administrators) to extort outrageous sums of money from land buyers, the heavy emphasis on land titling or lease registration undermines efforts at strengthening other less cumbersome, less costly and less corruption-laden aspects of land administration to improve property rights in the land sector.
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Introducing the Negev–Bedouin land issue from the international indigenous land rights perspective, this comparative study suggests options for the recognition of their land. The book demonstrates ...that the Bedouin land dispossession, like many indigenous peoples’, progressed through several phases that included eviction and displacement, legislation, and judicial decisions that support acts of dispossession and deny the Bedouin’s traditional land rights.
Examining the Mawat legal doctrine on which the State and the Court rely on to deny Bedouin land rights, this volume introduces the relevant international law protecting indigenous land rights and shows how the limitations of this law prevent any meaningful protection of Bedouin land rights. In the second part of the work, the Aborigines’ land in Australia is introduced as an example of indigenous peoples’ successful struggle for their traditional land rights. The final chapter analyzes the basic elements of judicial recognition of the land and shows that the basic elements needed for Bedouin land recognition exist in the Israeli legal system.
Proposing practical recommendations for the recognition of Bedouin land, this volume is a key resource to scholars and students interested in land rights, international law, comparative studies, and the Middle East.
Agricultural land abandonment is a common land-use change, making the accurate mapping of both location and timing when agricultural land abandonment occurred important to understand its ...environmental and social outcomes. However, it is challenging to distinguish agricultural abandonment from transitional classes such as fallow land at high spatial resolutions due to the complexity of change process. To date, no robust approach exists to detect when agricultural land abandonment occurred based on 30-m Landsat images. Our goal here was to develop a new approach to detect the extent and the exact timing of agricultural land abandonment using spatial and temporal segments derived from Landsat time series. We tested our approach for one Landsat footprint in the Caucasus, covering parts of Russia and Georgia, where agricultural land abandonment is widespread. First, we generated agricultural land image objects from multi-date Landsat imagery using a multi-resolution segmentation approach. Second, we estimated the probability for each object that agricultural land was used each year based on Landsat temporal-spectral metrics and a random forest model. Third, we applied temporal segmentation of the resulting agricultural land probability time series to identify change classes and detect when abandonment occurred. We found that our approach was able to accurately separate agricultural abandonment from active agricultural lands, fallow land, and re-cultivation. Our spatial and temporal segmentation approach captured the changes at the object level well (overall mapping accuracy = 97 ± 1%), and performed substantially better than pixel-level change detection (overall accuracy = 82 ± 3%). We found strong spatial and temporal variations in agricultural land abandonment rates in our study area, likely a consequence of regional wars after the collapse of the Soviet Union. In summary, the combination of spatial and temporal segmentation approaches of time-series is a robust method to track agricultural land abandonment and may be relevant for other land-use changes as well.
•We mapped agricultural land abandonment using dense Landsat time series.•The combined spatial and temporal segmentation captures the timing of abandonment well.•We found strong spatial and temporal variation in land abandonment in the Caucasus.•Our mapping approach is applicable to other regions and land cover classes too.
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50.
ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF LAND INVASIONS Hidalgo, F. Daniel; Naidu, Suresh; Nichter, Simeon ...
The review of economics and statistics,
08/2010, Volume:
92, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
This study estimates the effect of economic conditions on redistributive conflict. We examine land invasions in Brazil using a panel data set with over 50,000 municipality-year observations. Adverse ...economic shocks, instrumented by rainfall, cause the rural poor to invade and occupy large landholdings. This effect exhibits substantial heterogeneity by land inequality and land tenure systems, but not by other observable variables. In highly unequal municipalities, negative income shocks cause twice as many land invasions as in municipalities with average land inequality. Cross-sectional estimates using fine within-region variation also suggest the importance of land inequality in explaining redistributive conflict.
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