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The Lece mine is characterized by the fact that it has gold and silver besides the main valuable components in the flotation concentrates of lead and zinc. Practically since the opening of the mine ...and flotation, research has been carried out with the aim of obtaining better technological indicators on all four valuable metals (lead, zinc, gold and silver), especially on gold. This paper represents a contribution to that research in order to increase the recovery of gold in flotation concentrates. Gold occurs in ore in several ways (native, with lead and zinc, with pyrite and quartz), which requires a complex technological scheme of gold valorization. Most of the gold is bound to galena and is valorized through lead concentrate. A smaller part of the gold is bound to zinc and is valorized through zinc concentrate. However, about 25% of the gold remains in tailings. Researchers ie. the authors of this paper tried to valorize part of the gold that is lost in the tailings by introducing a third pyrite concentrate with an increased gold content. The paper presents the results of laboratory experiments on the possibility of obtaining pyrite concentrate from the Lece tailings and a proposal for a technological scheme of the process.
Lece magmatic complex in SE Serbia, part of the Serbo-Macedonian Metallogenic
Province, is one of the most promising zones for lead, zinc and precious
metals for the country. This complex was formed ...as a result of the
post-collisional magmatic activity that lasted from Oligocene to Miocene.
This study brings new lead and sulphur isotope data with an aim to constrain
the origin of mineralizing fluids and to estimate the temperature of their
formation. Galena from the Bakrenjaca locality shows high 207Pb/204Pb values
implying that the lead was dominantly derived from the upper continental
crustal geochemical reservoir which was probably recycled within the mantle
and erupted during Tertiary post-collisional magmatism. Sulfur isotope
composition of galena, sphalerite and pyrite show overlapping ?34S values in
the range between 0 and 3? indicating a mantle origin of sulphur. Sulfur
isotopes were also used to estimate the temperature under which the minerals
were deposited forming a complex of veins. The calculated temperature is
around 350?C. Since this temperature is too high for epithermal deposits,
it is probable that the associated minerals weren?t deposited in isotopic
equilibrium and other methods should be conducted for more precise
temperature evaluation.
Agate veins and nodules occur in the Lece Volcanic Complex (Oligocene-Miocene) situated in the south of Serbia and occupying an area of 700 km2. This volcanic complex is composed predominantly of ...andesites, with sporadic occurrences of andesite-basalts, dacites and latites, and features agate formations that have been very little investigated. This study focuses on five selected agate occurrences within the Lece Volcanic Complex, employing optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In three localities (Rasovača, Mehane, and Ždraljevići), agate mineralization is directly related to distinct fault zones with strong local brecciation. In the other two localities (Vlasovo and Sokolov Vis), the agate is found in nodular form and does not show any connection with fracture zones. The silica phases of the Lece volcanic agates consist of cristobalite and tridymite, length-fast chalcedony, quartzine (length-slow chalcedony), and macrocrystalline quartz. Vein agates show a frequent alternation between length-fast chalcedony and quartz bands. Nodular agates consist primarily of length-fast chalcedony, occasionally containing notable quantities of opal-CT, absent in vein agates. Microtextures present in vein agates include crustiform, colloform, comb, mosaic, flamboyant, and pseudo-bladed. Jigsaw puzzle quartz microtexture supports the recrystallization of previously deposited silica in the form of opal or chalcedony from hydrothermal fluids. Growth lines in euhedral quartz (Bambauer quartz) point to agate formations in varying physicochemical conditions. These features indicate epithermal conditions during the formation of hydrothermal vein agates. Due to intense hydrothermal activity, vein agate host rocks are intensively silicified. Vein agates are also enriched with typical ore metallic elements (especially Pb, Co, As, Sb, and W), indicating genetic relation with the formation of polymetallic ore deposits of the Lece Volcanic Complex. In contrast, nodular agates have a higher content of major elements of host rocks (Al2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, and K2O), most probably mobilized from volcanic host rocks. Organic matter, present in both vein and nodular agate with filamentous forms found only in nodular agate, suggests formation in near-surface conditions.
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Tailings of old mines often contain metals, which were not of economic interest or could not be recovered with the existing technology at the time of active mining. This is especially true for metals ...that often occur as by-products in Cu-Pb-Zn-(Ag-Au) ores as Sb, Mo, Ge, and In. A fundamental characterization of some tailings is presented in terms of their mineralogy and content of valuable metals which could be extracted to finance a possible remediation and improve the supply of the EU with critical metals. Tailings from active and abandoned mines in Serbia (Bor, porphyry Cu/Au; Krivelj, porphyry Cu/Au; Blagodat, hydrothermal Pb-Zn; Lece, epithermal Au; Rudnik, hydrothermal/skarn Pb-Zn) and North Macedonia (Sasa, Pb-Zn; Probištip, Pb-Zn; Bučim, porphyry Cu; Lojane, fault-bound vein-type low-temperature As, Sb, Cr at the contact of rhyolite and serpentinite) were studied. Analysis for major and trace elements used a multi-method approach (lithium borate fusion and ICP-MS/OES analysis, gravimetric analysis, instrumental neutron activation analysis, total digestion ICP-OES, infrared spectroscopy) with mineral identification by scanning electron microscopy. Concentrations of the major commodity elements (Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Ag) varies within several orders of magnitude depending on mineralogy and ore type. Critical metals (Co, Ga, Ge, Sb) contents are low with some exceptions. Some tailings contain moderate to elevated potentially toxic element levels (As, Cd, Pb, Tl). For the sample from Probištip which yielded the highest valuable metal concentrations (>5000 ppm Pb, 4020 ppm Zn), a heavy mineral concentrate of the sand size fraction (0.06 mm to 0.5 mm) was produced and analyzed by SEM and LA-ICP-MS for additional rare phases and trace elements. In all tailings studied, additional milling would be needed to separate ore from gangue minerals. Increasing metal prices might facilitate feasibility studies for some of the localities in the future, despite the limited quantitative information about the characterized tailings.
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Serbia is a country rich in geoheritage with eighty geomorphological sites now under protection. Although a canyon, the site of Devil’s Town is a unique geomorphological site in Serbia and deserves ...special attention. The geotouristic values of Devil's Town were assessed based on the analysis of its present state and comparison with three similar and nearby geosites on the Balkan Pennisula (the Sand Pyramids in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Stob and Melnik Earth pyramids in Bulgaria). The assessment was performed using a ‘modified geosite assessment model’ (M-GAM), which includes estimation of the main indicators and sub-indicators. Devil's Town has an average level of major and additional values. Indicators show that this geosite has great tourist, scientific and aesthetic value, as well as enough space for improving the ecological and functional values, as a basis for the development of tourism. Devil's Town displays a higher touristic value than the Sand pyramids and slightly lower than the Stob pyramids. However, in comparison with the Melnik Earth pyramids in Bulgaria, its touristic value is significantly lower. This study could serve as a guide for managing development strategies concerning decision-making and engagement in tourism of the analysed geosite, addressing the needs of modern tourists.
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Karst aquifers contribute to supplying drinking water to almost a quarter of the world´s population. Their complex dynamics requires specific approaches aimed at recognizing their singularities, ...analyzing its vulnerability, and ensuring water resources quality. In this paper, the results of processing and modeling five breakthrough tracer curves obtained under different hydrodynamic conditions in the main conduit of Egino karst aquifer (Basque Country, Spain) are analyzed together with those involving pressure injections of the tracer in the saturated zone of the karst massif recharge area. In the conduit, transport is immediate and highly efficient (recovery rates above 84% and dispersion coefficients from 15.04 to 84.35 m
2
/min); tracer retentions increase as flow rates decrease and no significant contributions to its surroundings are observed. In contrast, tracer transport from the massif recharge area is more complex: after injection at a pressure of 1 MPa, most tracer remains in the surrounding of the injection borehole, retained in a saturated medium of low effective fracture porosity (
ϕ
f
= 1.02 × 10
−4
, assuming a radial divergent flow model); subsequently, the main tracer mobilization to the spring was registered with the first rains, with 0.088 m/min mean velocity and high concentrations per unit mass being injected (
C
p
/
M
0
= 0.03 mg/L/kg), which is evidence that the tracer reaches soon the karst conduit network. In any case, a decreasing tracer presence is registered at the injection zone during a hydrological cycle. In both cases, the observed non-linearity of transport processes should be considered in the development of vulnerability approaches, modeling efforts, and mapping. Furthermore, in the case of karst massif recharge areas, as the presence of pollutants may have a significant impact on the springs and persist over time, their management and protection needs must be revised in each specific site. Simultaneously, quality-monitoring programs at the springs must be adapted to the aquifers recognized dynamics.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Svrha rada: Svrha ispitivanja bila je usporediti vidnu oštrinu na blizinu stomatologa bez optičkog pomagala i vidnu oštrinu na blizinu s Galilejevim teleskopskim sistemom s povećanjem od 2,5 puta na ...žarišnoj udaljenosti od 350 milimetara u simuliranim kliničkim uvjetima. Ispitanici i postupci: U ispitivanju je sudjelovalo 50 stomatologa emetropa (centralna vidna oštrina 1,0). Minijaturni Snellenov optotip postavljen je u kavitet molara dentalnog fantoma u simuliranim kliničkim uvjetima. Vidna oštrina na blizinu ispitivala se: bez korekcije na udaljenosti od 300 do 400 mm, Galilejevim teleskopom s povećanjem od 2,5 puta, na žarišnoj udaljenosti od 350 mm. Rezultati: Distribucije vidnih oštrina zabilježenih korištenjem sistema VSC i VGA 2,5 uspoređene su testom Wilcoxon-Signed-Rank. Rezultati su upozorili na statistički značajnu razliku u distribuciji zabilježenih vidnih oštrina između optičkih sistema VSC i VGA 2,5 (W = - 403,5; p < 0,001). Zaključak: Sistemom VGA 2,5 zabilježene su veće vrijednosti vidne oštrine u odnosu na naturalni vid bez magnifikacijskih pomagala (VSC).
The copper(II) complex of a modified cyclodextrin, namely 6‐mono‐deoxy‐6‐4‐(2‐aminoethyl)imidazolyl‐β‐CD (CDmh), previously synthesized and characterized in our laboratory and already used as chiral ...selector for ligand exchange capillary electrophoresis (LECE) with optical detection, is investigated here in LECE using electrospray‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) as the detection device. The potential of this hyphenated method is compared with the results previously obtained with optical detection by studying the chiral resolution of tryptophan racemate. Chiral separation conditions compatible with LECE‐ESI‐MS could be achieved based on the figures of merit obtained by LECE‐UV. Interestingly, the values of LOD obtained by LECE‐ESI‐MS were significantly better than those obtained by LECE‐UV and thus, ESI‐MS detection seems to open new perspectives in chiral separations by LECE.
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