The purpose of the research is to reveal the administrative-legal, environmental, social and customs principles of decentralization of public authority in Ukraine. Main content. The article reveals ...the main definitions of decentralization of power, analyzes advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process in the public administration system. The article also presents the basic typology of decentralization of power in foreign countries and characterizes these types, as well as an attempt to summarize the reasons for performing decentralization in Ukraine. Methodology: The use of systemic, functional, and structural methods in this study made it possible to define concepts, types, as well as to establish the reasons for introduction of the decentralization reform in Ukraine. Conclusions. Various approaches to performing the reform in European countries and its results have been considered, which is due to the need to implement decentralization in Ukraine. The result of the work consists in determination of the main definitions of the decentralization of power, analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the decentralization process, definition of the main types of decentralization, as well as generalization of the main reasons for introduction of decentralization in Ukraine.
The study aimed to, Designing a questionnaire about the obstacles to professionalism in the legal and financial aspect of some clubs in the Iraqi Premier League in football from the point of view of ...the administrators,dentifying the percentages of obstacles to sports professionalism in the legal aspect of some Iraqi Premier League clubs from the point of view of the administratorsIdentifying the ratios of obstacles to sports professionalism in the financial aspect of some Iraqi Premier League clubs from the point of view of the administrators,The descriptive approach was used in the survey method, and the research community included (88) training from some Iraqi Premier League football clubs (20) paragraph, and its apparent validity was confirmed, as well as the stability of the tool, and the researcher used in the statistical treatments the percentage, the arithmetic mean, the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Spearman-Brown equation, the Guttman equation, and Alpha Cronbach through the (spss) program,The researchers concluded that there are obstacles in the legal aspect in greater proportions than they are in the financial aspect, and there are obstacles in the financial aspect in large proportions. Orientation towards the development of professional regulations focusing mainly on the legal aspect.
This study analyzed the purposes and functions of stem cell treatment arrangements in Indonesian national law and then describe the characteristics of therapeutic agreements between patients and ...elements of health services against the legal terms of the agreement based on the Civil Code. This study used a normative juridical research method. The results of this study are: i) in terms of stem cell treatment procedures, only some can get services and treatment because the procedure is very complicated and lengthy. Hence, the purpose and function of regulating the implementation of stem cell treatment in Indonesia are to provide legal certainty and protection law to the public and health service providers; ii) the conditions for the validity of a stem cell Therapeutic agreement must be based on the criteria specified in Article 1,320 of the Civil Code, then the elements of the parties that bind themselves; the skills of the parties; particular object, and lawful cause must be clear, and iii) the type of therapeutic contract that can maintain the honor of the parties is the "three in one" model. However, this model currently needs to be improved in Indonesia because of the novelty of the regulatory framework.
With urban population increasing dramatically worldwide, cities are playing an increasingly critical role in human societies and the sustainability of the planet. An obstacle to effective policy is ...the lack of meaningful urban metrics based on a quantitative understanding of cities. Typically, linear per capita indicators are used to characterize and rank cities. However, these implicitly ignore the fundamental role of nonlinear agglomeration integral to the life history of cities. As such, per capita indicators conflate general nonlinear effects, common to all cities, with local dynamics, specific to each city, failing to provide direct measures of the impact of local events and policy. Agglomeration nonlinearities are explicitly manifested by the superlinear power law scaling of most urban socioeconomic indicators with population size, all with similar exponents (1.15). As a result larger cities are disproportionally the centers of innovation, wealth and crime, all to approximately the same degree. We use these general urban laws to develop new urban metrics that disentangle dynamics at different scales and provide true measures of local urban performance. New rankings of cities and a novel and simpler perspective on urban systems emerge. We find that local urban dynamics display long-term memory, so cities under or outperforming their size expectation maintain such (dis)advantage for decades. Spatiotemporal correlation analyses reveal a novel functional taxonomy of U.S. metropolitan areas that is generally not organized geographically but based instead on common local economic models, innovation strategies and patterns of crime.
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One of the nations with the world's greatest mangrove forest areas is Indonesia. Mangrove forests serve to avoid abrasion but are also advantageous for the socioeconomic well-being of the ...neighborhood. Bandar Bakau Dumai (BBD) is a mangrove conservation and ecotourism area located on the outskirts of Dumai City, Indonesia. The study aims to examine the legal aspects of BBD as an ecotourism destination and mangrove conservation area. The work was conducted by observation, interviews, unstructured in-depth interviews, and literature studies. In general, the legal aspects of the BBD as a mangrove conservation and ecotourism area in Dumai City are not yet comprehensive. The physical condition of the area, flora, and fauna of the BBD mangroves are still relatively good. However, supporting facilities and infrastructure are generally less maintained. To reverse this role, the recommended development strategies include; 1) the formulation of a Regional Regulation of the City of Dumai concerning the management of the BBD area in a holistic, integrative, and participatory manner; 2) the development of facilities and infrastructure needed by BBD through government programs; 3) development of human resources managing ecotourism and mangrove conservation at BBD; 4) construction of embankments to resist coastal abrasion by the government or industry.
Criminal Law enforcement is an effort to realize legal ideas and concepts oriented to legal certainty as a noble ideal that must be applied by the state. The implementation of justice in criminal law ...enforcement in Indonesia can be said to be far from the goals to be realized by the rule of law. Enforcement of law and justice in the context of a fair legal process is a guarantee of the rule of law based on the constitution that must be able to realize and be felt by the people seeking justice as a reality. The law that is implemented and enforced must be a law that contains the values of justice, therefore, the true nature of law enforcement lies in the activity of harmonizing the relationships of values that are interpreted in the rules that are stable and manifest and act as a series of translation of the stage value the end, to create, preserve, and maintain the peace of association of life. In essence, the establishment of law and justice is a form of human welfare physically and mentally, socially, and morally.
Flexible and distributed energy markets are a reality that is progressively reaching many regions. Despite their clear benefits, they should be accepted by the prosumers. Additionally, blockchain ...technology and smart contracts have been characterised as a technological enabler for the energy sector and P2P Energy Markets (PEM). However, little research has been done to explore blockchain's user-centred perspective. Therefore, this paper analyses the reluctance and/or concerns of prosumers regarding smart contracts, and investigates their perception on blockchain within PEMs. The authors present the results of a survey conducted across several European countries addressing the implementation of automated trading systems and analysing the adoption of smart contracts. Considering that the main survey outcomes are related to the regulation and legislation uncertainty around blockchain usage, this paper explores also the fit of smart contracts from a legal perspective. Additionally, a set of recommendations to be used as the basis for the design and development of PEMs is delivered, aiming to adopt blockchain and smart contracts. As a key take-away, the authors confirm the crucial role that blockchain will play in the deployment of fair, secure, flexible and distributed energy markets by ensuring transparency in the exchange of information between prosumers and energy stakeholders.
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Today almost everyone is using the internet, because from the internet we can get all the information easily and quickly. but not everyone knows the dangers of using the internet. because it is not ...uncommon also someone to commit crimes through the internet (cyber crime). cyber crime is the negative side of technological advances for all areas of modern life that exist today. one of the crimes that can occur through internet access is online prostitution. The online prostitution activity is a negative impact of social media abuse. One effort that can be used to cope with online prostitution activity that occurs is with the approach of criminal law policy through criminal sanctions as a concrete form of criminal responsibility to perpetrators of online prostitution. The disclosure of online prostitution cases proves that social media is a powerful tool for the promotion of prostitution. Such prostitution activity is the effect of unlimited use of online social media. In the absence of a national regulation that regulates this matter, online prostitution users will feel secure and liberal in purchasing services for their own satisfaction, while in fact it is contrary to legal norms in society.
Development of Korea Neuroethics Guidelines Yoo, Sang-Ho; Choi, Kyungsuk; Nam, Seungmin ...
Journal of Korean medical science,
06/2023, Volume:
38, Issue:
25
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Advances in neuroscience and neurotechnology provide great benefits to humans though unknown challenges may arise. We should address these challenges using new standards as well as existing ones. ...Novel standards should include ethical, legal, and social aspects which would be appropriate for advancing neuroscience and technology. Therefore, the Korea Neuroethics Guidelines were developed by stakeholders related to neuroscience and neurotechnology, including experts, policy makers, and the public in the Republic of Korea.
The guidelines were drafted by neuroethics experts, were disclosed at a public hearing, and were subsequently revised by opinions of various stakeholders.
The guidelines are composed of twelve issues; humanity or human dignity, individual personality and identity, social justice, safety, sociocultural prejudice and public communication, misuse of technology, responsibility for the use of neuroscience and technology, specificity according to the purpose of using neurotechnology, autonomy, privacy and personal information, research, and enhancement.
Although the guidelines may require a more detailed discussion after future advances in neuroscience and technology or changes in socio-cultural milieu, the development of the Korea Neuroethics Guidelines is a milestone for the scientific community and society in general for the ongoing development in neuroscience and neurotechnology.
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