Are you alive? Most people believe that some law defines our status as living (or not) for all purposes. But Foley shows that "not being dead" isn't necessarily the same as being alive, in the eyes ...of the law. The need for more organ transplants and conservation of health care resources is exerting pressure to expand the legal definition of death.
The MME uses trolley-type dilemmas that force people to choose between killing one person (or set of people) versus killing another person (or set of people). Because this paradigm assumes inequality ...(for example, should we program AVs to kill men or women?), it has difficulties revealing whether people prefer equality (for example, should we program AVs to ignore gender?). The forced inequality condition was a simplified replication of the MME, testing whether participants thought autonomous vehicles should (1) kill group A (for example, elderly people) to save group B (for example, children) or (2) kill group B to save group A. As in the MME, we examined both personal features (for example, kill men versus women) and structural features (for example, kill many people versus few people) in driving situations. In study 3, participants (N = 993 US participants from an online panel) chose which of two autonomous vehicles should be allowed on the road: one that makes ethical decisions on the basis of the structural features revealed by the MME (for example, saving more people versus fewer, killing by inaction versus action), and another on the basis of both structural and personal features (for example, saving people based on age, gender, and status). ...we recognize that people often do discriminate on the basis of personal features, as sexism, classism, racism and ageism all illustrate.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study aims to show how Hawthorne uses characterization techniques and figurative languages such as metaphor and simile to describe the mental state of Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne's ...characters. This study uses a qualitative method with a psychological approach. The theory used in this research is the theory of life instinct and death instinct by Sigmund Freud. This study analyzes the style of language and characterizations to reveal the characters' mental conditions and inner conflict. The results of this study show that Hawthorne uses characterization techniques and figurative language to tell the conflict between the life and death instinct in Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne. Arthur Dimmesdale represents human weakness and hypocrisy that results in feelings of regret, inner conflict, and suffering that lead to the instinct of death. At the same time, the character Hester is described as having a strong and patient nature that leads to the instinct of life. This study concludes that Hawthorne uses characterization techniques and figurative language such as metaphor and simile to show the characters, Dimmesdale and Hester. They experience inner conflicts and life and death instincts.
and
, as noted from the literatures, has been studied and researched extensively in China, Malaysia, and Taiwan. Our own research undertakings over the past several years, situated in different ...sociocultural settings have delved into aspects of life and death that could help advance theoretical understanding of the subject matters (e.g., does the meaning of "effective life functioning" connote differing interpretations for different cultural groups?). Situating within the framework of life and death education, we expand the study of
by introducing an extended prefix or nomenclature known as "trans-mystical". Specifically, our philosophized concept of
considers a related concept, which we term as a "trans-mystical mindset". A trans-mystical mindset, differing from an ordinary mindset, from our philosophical rationalization, is defined as "a person's higher-order state of consciousness, espousing her perception, judgment, belief, and attempted interpretation of life and death phenomena that are mystifying and fall outside the ordinary boundaries of human psyche." Our focus of inquiry, as reported in the present article, seeks to advance our proposition: that a trans-mystical mindset, unlike an ordinary mindset, may help a person to rationalize, appreciate, and understand metaphysical contexts, mystical experiences, and the like. This focus, interestingly, serves to highlight an important discourse - namely, that there is a dichotomy in theoretical lenses (i.e., objective reality vs. individual subjectivity) that a person may use to rationalize the significance or non-significance of universal contexts, events, phenomena, etc. (e.g., a person's experience of "premonition"). As such, then, there is an important question that we seek to consider: whether philosophization, or the use of philosophical psychology, would yield perceived "scientific evidence" to support or to reject the study of metaphysicism, mysticism, and the like? For example, does our philosophization of an "equivalency" between a person's trans-mystical mindset and her experience of self-transcendence help to normalize and/or to scientize the subject matters of metaphysicism, mysticism, etc.?
This article examines Theodoros Angelopoulos’ Eternity and a Day (1998) in contrast to the Homeric Odyssey (8thBCE) to discuss how he reappreciates in his film an aspect of this poem often overlooked ...by most critics: its open-endedness. My central argument is that, although the Odyssey is normally considered a homecoming story, Odysseus’ journey does not end with his arrival back home, but with a journey away from home, a detail that the filmmaker masterfully explores anew in his narrative through the main character’s personal and circumstantial motivations towards life as a dying man.
The central axis of the article is the argument that
adopts from the Hegelian dialectics not only the category of totality but also the master–slave dialectic, although it never refers explicitly to ...the latter. Hence, in this article, we aim to detect the subtle influence that the Hegelian master–slave dialectic exerts on
and, more specifically, on the constitution of the Lukacsian concepts of reification, praxis, working class-bourgeoisie interaction, working-class self-consciousness, autonomous subject. Our approach to the Hegelian master–slave dialectic is mostly – but not only – based on its philosophical–anthropological interpretation by A. Kojeve. Kojeve’s interpretation, by attributing a crucial role to labour in the mastery–slavery dialectic, focuses on that aspect of the Hegelian dialectic which, in our estimation, was determining for
In addition, our approach to the Hegelian master–slave dialectic is based on some occasional references Lukacs has to it in
as well as on his interpretation latent in
, also known as
and
, is an interesting subject that may coincide with the subject of lifespan development. In brief, from our theoretical perspective, which guides our teaching and curriculum ...development, life education considers personal understanding of life functioning on a daily basis, whereas death education explores matters that are related to death and dying. For example, how can a social worker utilize his life knowledge, or life wisdom, to assist a relative to understand the intricate nature of death? In a similar vein, how can a senior citizen use her personal experience of Buddhist meditation practice to overcome a minor Covid setback? Central to our teaching practice is the premise of 'active transformation' (i.e., transforming life knowledge into positive practice) and the premise of 'theoretical infusion' (e.g., the infusion of a distinctive epistemological belief in the teaching of life) that would, in turn, help to enhance and facilitate deep, meaningful understanding of life and death. The purpose of the present article is for us to discuss a proposition of a theoretical-conceptual model, which depicts the 'unification' or integration of three major viewpoints of life and death: the
, the
, and the
. We theorize that unification of the three theoretical viewpoints may help provide grounding for effective teaching and holistic understanding of the subject contents of life and death. Such discourse, importantly, may also assist to advance the scope and complexity of the lifespan development subject. Finally, in addition to our theoretical-conceptual model of life and death, we propose three major research inquiries for development: the
, the
, and
for usage. Overall, then, we purport that our conceptual analysis and discussion overview, based on philosophical reflection, may serve to stimulate interest, intellectual curiosity, scholarly dialog, etc.
Objective: Some patients receive genome therapy for cancer for which there is no standard treatment, or the standard treatment has been completed making them aware of death. This study identifies the ...relationship between nursing care for such patients and the "nurses' views of life and death" required to provide nursing care. Methods: A questionnaire survey targeting 91 nurses caring for cancer patients was conducted to perform an exploratory factor analysis of factors of "nursing care for patients receiving cancer genome therapy." Multiple regression analysis used these factors as dependent variables and "nurses' views of life and death" as an independent variable. Results: Five factors and 38 items were abstracted for "nursing care for patients receiving cancer genome therapy," and "nurses' views of life and death" was demonstrated to have influenced these factors. Conclusions: "Nursing care for patients receiving cancer genome therapy" was characterized by factors which targeted patients suffering from a disease that makes them aware of death, and "nurses' views of life and death" influenced these factors, suggesting the need for nurses to establish their views on life and death in cancer genome medical care.
Objective: Some patients receive genome therapy for cancer for which there is no standard treatment, or the standard treatment has been completed making them aware of death. This study identifies the ...relationship between nursing care for such patients and the "nurses' views of life and death" required to provide nursing care. Methods: A questionnaire survey targeting 91 nurses caring for cancer patients was conducted to perform an exploratory factor analysis of factors of "nursing care for patients receiving cancer genome therapy." Multiple regression analysis used these factors as dependent variables and "nurses' views of life and death" as an independent variable. Results: Five factors and 38 items were abstracted for "nursing care for patients receiving cancer genome therapy," and "nurses' views of life and death" was demonstrated to have influenced these factors. Conclusions: "Nursing care for patients receiving cancer genome therapy" was characterized by factors which targeted patients suffering from a disease that makes them aware of death, and "nurses' views of life and death" influenced these factors, suggesting the need for nurses to establish their views on life and death in cancer genome medical care.
