Different theoretical contentions on gender differences in loneliness exist, often including the emergence of gender differences in particular developmental periods. To explain those ideas, the ...current meta‐analysis synthesizes the available evidence on gender differences in loneliness across the lifespan. Three‐level meta‐analyses were conducted with 751 effect sizes, covering 399,798 individuals (45.56% males). Results showed a close‐to‐zero overall effect (g = 0.07). Most examined moderators were non‐significant, except for age, the scope of the sampling area, and year of publication. Most importantly, all effects were small, suggesting that across the lifespan mean levels of loneliness are similar for males and females.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Temperate forest ecosystems are exposed to a higher frequency, duration and severity of drought. To promote forest longevity in a changing climate, we require a better understanding of the ...long‐term impacts of repetitive drought events on fine‐root dynamics in mature forests.
Using minirhizotron methods, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on fine‐root dynamics in single‐species and mixed‐species arrangements of Fagus sylvatica (European beech) and Picea abies (Norway spruce) by means of a 4‐yr‐long throughfall‐exclusion experiment.
Fine‐root production of both species decreased under drought. However, this reduction was not evident for P. abies when grown intermixed with F. sylvatica. Throughfall‐exclusion prolonged the lifespan of P. abies roots but did not change the lifespan of F. sylvatica roots, except in 2016. Fagus sylvatica responded to drought by reducing fine‐root production at specific depths and during roof closure.
This is the first study to examine long‐term trends in mature forest fine‐root dynamics under repetitive drought events. Species‐specific fine‐root responses to drought have implications for the rate and depth of root‐derived organic matter supply to soil. From a root dynamics perspective, intermixing tree species is not beneficial to all species but dampens drought impacts on the belowground productivity of P. abies.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Epidemiological studies of human longevity found two interesting features, robust advantage of female lifespan and consistent reduction of lifespan variation. To help understand the genetic aspects ...of these phenomena, the current study examined sex differences and variation of longevity using previously published mouse data sets including data on lifespan, age of puberty, and circulating insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels in 31 inbred strains, data from colonies of nuclear‐receptor‐interacting protein 1 (Nrip1) knockout mice, and a congenic strain, B6.C3H‐Igf1. Looking at the overall data for all inbred strains, the results show no significant difference in lifespan and lifespan variation between sexes; however, considerable differences were found among and within strains. Across strains, lifespan variations of female and male mice are significantly correlated. Strikingly, between sexes, IGF1 levels correlate with the lifespan variation and maximum lifespan in different directions. Female mice with low IGF1 levels have higher variation and extended maximum lifespan. The opposite is detected in males. Compared to domesticated inbred strains, wild‐derived inbred strains have elevated lifespan variation due to increased early deaths in both sexes and extended maximum lifespan in female mice. Intriguingly, the sex differences in survival curves of inbred strains negatively associated with age of female puberty, which is significantly accelerated in domesticated inbred strains compared to wild‐derived strains. In conclusion, this study suggests that genetic factors are involved in the regulation of sexual disparities in lifespan and lifespan variation, and dissecting the mouse genome may provide novel insight into the underlying genetic mechanisms.
Among inbred strains, the lifespan variations of female and male mice are significantly correlated, suggesting the genetic co‐regulation of lifespan variation between sexes. IGF1 levels associate with lifespan variation and maximum lifespan in a sex‐specific manner. Importantly, female mice with lower IGF1 have longer maximum lifespan, while the male mice with higher IGF1 have longer maximum lifespan.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Prussian blue analogue (PBA)‐type metal hexacyanoferrates are considered as significant cathodes for zinc batteries (ZBs). However, these PBA‐type cathodes, such as cyanogroup iron hexacyanoferrate ...(FeHCF), suffer from ephemeral lifespan (≤1000 cycles), and inferior rate capability (1 A g−1). This is because the redox active sites of multivalent iron (Fe(III/II)) can only be very limited activated and thus utilized. This is attributed to the spatial resistance caused by the compact cooperation interaction between Fe and the surrounded cyanogroup, and the inferior conductivity. Here, it is found that high‐voltage scanning can effectively activate the C‐coordinated Fe in FeHCF cathode in ZBs. Thanks to this activation, the Zn–FeHCF hybrid‐ion battery achieves a record‐breaking cycling performance of 5000 (82% capacity retention) and 10 000 cycles (73% capacity retention), respectively, together with a superior rate capability of maintaining 53.2% capacity at superhigh current density of 8 A g−1 (≈97 C). The reversible distortion and recovery of the crystalline structure caused by the (de)insertion of zinc and lithium ions is revealed. It is believed that this work represents a substantial advance on PBA electrode materials and may essentially promote application of PBA materials.
The activation of C‐coordinated Fe, as quantified by the decreased atomic ratio of Fe(III)/Fe(II), encourages the increase of capacity contribution at the voltage platform of about 1.5 V. This activation extremely weakens the FeC bond to activate C‐coordinated Fe (active sites), and thus generates a 10 000‐cycle lifespan and a superior rate capability (8 A g‐1, ≈97 C).
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In this work, a high‐voltage output and long‐lifespan zinc/vanadium oxide bronze battery using a Co0.247V2O5⋅0.944H2O nanobelt is developed. The high crystal architecture could enable fast and ...reversible Zn2+ intercalation/deintercalation at highly operational voltages. The developed battery exhibits a high voltage of 1.7 V and delivers a high capacity of 432 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. The capacity at voltages above 1.0 V reaches 227 mAh g−1, which is 52.54% of the total capacity and higher than the values of all previously reported Zn/vanadium oxide batteries. Further study reveals that, compared with the pristine vanadium oxide bronze, the absorption energy for Zn2+ increases from 1.85 to 2.24 eV by cobalt ion intercalation. Furthermore, it also shows a high rate capability (163 mAh g−1 even at 10 A g−1) and extraordinary lifespan over 7500 cycles, with a capacity retention of 90.26%. These performances far exceed those for all reported zinc/vanadium oxide bronze batteries. Subsequently, a nondrying and antifreezing tough flexible battery with a high energy density of 432 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1 is constructed, and it reveals excellent drying and freezing tolerance. This research represents a substantial advancement in vanadium materials for various battery applications, achieving both a high discharge voltage and high capacity.
Zn/vanadium oxide batteries can deliver a capacity greater than 300 mAh g−1, but their operational voltage is always very low. A 1.7 V high‐voltage Zn/vanadium battery is developed using a Co0.247V2O5 ⋅ 0.944H2O cathode. Its capacity at greater than 1.0 V reaches 227 mAh g−1, which is 52.54% of the total capacity and higher than the values of all previously reported Zn/vanadium oxide batteries.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper presents a new method for scheduling of battery storage systems for participation in frequency regulation and energy markets, simultaneously. Unknown automatic generation control signal of ...regulation market is modeled through robust optimization. In addition, the complex effect of participation in regulation market on battery's lifespan is modeled through a dynamic procedure. For this purpose, a long-term optimization process is proposed in which, the short-term participation strategy defines battery's lifespan. In order to prevent fast depreciation of battery due to frequent and deep charges/discharges, a new limiting method is introduced here, which would be useful for participation in regulation market. The proposed long-term model is linearized by implementation of Benders' decomposition. Optimum values for limiting factors are determined in the master problem, while the daily operation strategies are decided by sub-problems. Finally, the applicability of the proposed method is investigated using an illustrative case study.
Nucleolar Function in Lifespan Regulation Tiku, Varnesh; Antebi, Adam
Trends in cell biology,
August 2018, 2018-08-00, 20180801, Volume:
28, Issue:
8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The nucleolus is a prominent membraneless organelle residing within the nucleus. The nucleolus has been regarded as a housekeeping structure mainly known for its role in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) ...production and ribosome assembly. However, accumulating evidence has revealed its functions in numerous cellular processes that control organismal physiology, thereby taking the nucleolus much beyond its conventional role in ribosome biogenesis. Perturbations in nucleolar functions have been associated with severe diseases such as cancer and progeria. Recent studies have also uncovered the role of the nucleolus in development and aging. In this review we discuss major nucleolar functions that impact organismal aging.
The nucleolus is an intranuclear organelle primarily involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly, but also functions in the assembly of other important ribonucleoprotein particles that affect all levels of information processing.
Recent evidence has highlighted novel roles of the nucleolus in major physiological functions including stress response, development, and aging.
Signaling pathways that regulate organismal lifespan converge on nucleolar size and function, and implicate nucleolar function with aging.
Exploring the detailed function of the nucleolus in aging can contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms behind longevity and premature aging disorders.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Several pharmacological, dietary, and genetic interventions that increase mammalian lifespan are known, but general principles of lifespan extension remain unclear. Here, we performed RNA sequencing ...(RNA-seq) analyses of mice subjected to 8 longevity interventions. We discovered a feminizing effect associated with growth hormone regulation and diminution of sex-related differences. Expanding this analysis to 17 interventions with public data, we observed that many interventions induced similar gene expression changes. We identified hepatic gene signatures associated with lifespan extension across interventions, including upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and drug metabolism, and showed that perturbed pathways may be shared across tissues. We further applied the discovered longevity signatures to identify new lifespan-extending candidates, such as chronic hypoxia, KU-0063794, and ascorbyl-palmitate. Finally, we developed GENtervention, an app that visualizes associations between gene expression changes and longevity. Overall, this study describes general and specific transcriptomic programs of lifespan extension in mice and provides tools to discover new interventions.
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•Sex-specific differences are decreased in response to longevity interventions•Many interventions, but not rapamycin, exhibit similar transcriptomic responses•Certain gene expression changes are associated with longevity across interventions•Longevity signatures may be used to discover new lifespan-extending interventions
Tyshkovskiy et al. performed a comprehensive analysis of 17 known lifespan-extending interventions in mice at the level of gene expression to better understand general principles of lifespan control and generate gene expression signatures associated with longevity. They applied these signatures to predict new candidate compounds for lifespan extension.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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