Previous research has shown that different metaphorical framings lead people to reason differently, even about important social issues. Critics of such investigations argue that there is no empirical ...evidence to show that framing significantly influences how people think about real-world problems. In our experiment, we investigated the effects of different metaphorical framings on reasoning about possible solutions to the Covid-19 pandemic to verify the results of previous studies investigating hypothetical situations and showing the powerful influence of metaphor on people’s attempts at solving social problems. Randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions (war, football, and dance framing), participants were asked to imagine themselves as members of the government and, having read a short report about the current pandemic situation in Croatia, they were asked to answer questions regarding their proposed solutions. We found that different framings do not elicit different responses from the participants in terms of reform vs. enforce, local vs. global, and dominance vs. cooperation. The proposed solutions did not differ as a function of metaphorical framing. This result calls for sceptical scrutiny and additional in-depth and more extensive studies of the relevance and power of metaphorical framings in real-life situations.
Istraživanja pokazuju da metaforičko uokvirivanje može utjecati na način na koji ljudi razmišljaju i donose odluke, čak i o važnim društvenim temama. Kritičari takvih istraživanja smatraju da nema empirijskih dokaza koji bi upućivali na to da uokvirivanje ima bitan utjecaj na naše razmišljanje u stvarnim životnim situacijama. U ovome radu prikazani su rezultati eksperimenta kojim smo provjeravali utječu li zbilja različiti metaforički okviri na razmišljanja i stavove o mogućim rješenjima za problem pandemije virusa Covid-19 kako bismo u realnim uvjetima provjerili nalaze prethodnih istraživanja u kojima su korištene hipotetske situacije. Sudionici u istraživanju raspodijeljeni su po slučaju u jednu od tri eksperimentalne situacije (metaforički okvir rata, nogometa ili plesa). Nakon što su pročitali kratak tekst o pandemiji u Hrvatskoj, oblikovan u skladu s jednim od tri metaforička okvira, zamolili smo ih da se zamisle u ulozi člana Vlade i odgovore na nekoliko pitanja o tome kako bi oni pristupili rješavanju problema koje je donijela pandemija. Rezultati su pokazali da različiti metaforički okviri nisu doveli do različitih odgovora sudionika u smislu bi li njihov pristup za smanjenje broja zaraženih bio više usmjeren blažim ili strožim mjerama, treba li problemu pristupiti kao lokalnomu ili globalnomu i je li važnija dominacija ili suradnja. Taj rezultat upućuje na to da su potrebna daljnja istraživanja kojima će se utvrditi koliko je doista izražen utjecaj metaforičkoga okvira na razmišljanje o realnim životnim problemima u stvarnim situacijama.
This paper analyses mutual perceptions and stereotyping of Swedes and Croats as they are attested in language resources– dictionaries and text corpora. The descriptions of selected words related to ...Swedes and Croats in dictionaries and the context in which they appear in the corpora were analysed. The analysis included semantic domains, value (positive/negative), and elements of stereotyping. Additionally, the circumstances that may have influenced the emergence of stereotypes were discussed. While dictionary descriptions proved to be mostly neutral, examples of positive and negative stereotyping about both ethnic groups were found in the corpus material. Negative stereotypes about Croats as immigrants in Sweden were particularly pronounced.
Tema su rada međusobne predodžbe i stereotipizacija Šveđana i Hrvata u jezičnim izvorima – rječnicima i tekstnim korpusima. Analizirani su rječnički opisi odabranih riječi koje se odnose na Šveđane te Hrvate te kontekst u kojemu se pojavljuju u korpusima. Analiza je uključivala semantičke domene, vrijednosne sudove i elemente stereotipizacije, a navedene su i okolnosti koje su mogle utjecati na nastanak stereotipa. Dok se pokazalo da su rječnički opisi uglavnom neutralni, u korpusnome materijalu pronađeni su primjeri pozitivne i negativne stereotipizacije o obama narodima. Osobito izraženi bili su negativni stereotipi o Hrvatima kao doseljenicima u Švedskoj.
Debates about human prehistory often center on the role that population expansions play in shaping biological and cultural diversity. Hypotheses on the origin of the Austronesian settlers of the ...Pacific are divided between a recent "pulse-pause" expansion from Taiwan and an older "slow-boat" diffusion from Wallacea. We used lexical data and Bayesian phylogenetic methods to construct a phylogeny of 400 languages. In agreement with the pulse-pause scenario, the language trees place the Austronesian origin in Taiwan approximately 5230 years ago and reveal a series of settlement pauses and expansion pulses linked to technological and social innovations. These results are robust to assumptions about the rooting and calibration of the trees and demonstrate the combined power of linguistic scholarship, database technologies, and computational phylogenetic methods for resolving questions about human prehistory.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Durante mais de quatro décadas, Rui Alberto Mateus Pereira (1957-2020) marcou profundamente a Universidade Nova de Lisboa, a Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, o Departamento de Antropologia. A ...sua trajetória fora da academia, exercendo funções públicas de alta relevância no âmbito das práticas e políticas da cultura, nunca o afastou da sua casa, o campus da avenida de Berna, onde continuou a lecionar com sempre renovada dedicação. Conciliou as suas responsabilidades dirigentes com a atividade de investigação, mantendo elos intelectuais e afetivos com a antropologia, com os seus pares e com os seus alunos. Representantes de quatro gerações unidas pela figura ímpar de Rui Pereira deixam o seu testemunho – quatro testemunhos – em memória do antropólogo, do antigo colega, professor e amigo.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article provides an overview of recent scholarship on postcolonial semiotics: processes through which linguistic and other signs are linked to the colonial and its ongoing relevance in the ...construction of value. After tracing the question of colonialism across scholarly lineages in linguistic anthropology, this article focuses on elite formations as a key realm within postcolonial semiotics and on "fake," "mix," and "excess" as central qualities that constitute chronotopically anchored dimensions of ambivalent, aspirational postcolonial eliteness. Linguistic anthropological work on postcolonial elite formations illuminates how economic interests are advanced through the creation of ambiguous value around emblems presupposed as colonial and attached to differentiated elite types in fractally recursive forms. Scholarship on postcolonial semiotics reveals how colonial hierarchies persist through the continuous production of divisible interior alterities that create nested categories of the formerly colonized, inventing elite types that are both denigrated and admired for their supposed approximation to imperial modes of being and speaking.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, FFLJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
The review looks at the monograph Is the White Kama Really White? (Udmurt Names of the Kama River in Written Sources) by Valentin K. Kelmakov which is a many-faceted study of the entitled hydronym. ...The author provides information about its geographical position, considers etymological hypotheses for the origin of this proper name, explores the usage of the word kam in the oldest meaning of ‘(big) river’ as the most probable etymon, substantiates that this archaic meaning is still preserved in various oral and written sources. The focus is on six variants of the name of the Kama River in Udmurt texts of various functional spheres: Kam (Kama), Kam (Kama) shur, Tӧd’y Kam (Kama). Based on historical and statistical data, linguistic and stylistic features of the name variants in the works of the Udmurts, the author concludes that there are two semantic layers in the name “White Kama”: 1) the retrospective, tied to the hydronym Belaya River — the historical homeland of the ancestors of the Udmurts; in this case, the element kam acts in the original meaning of ‘stream, river,’ and the component Tӧd’y ‘White’ — as a proper name; 2) the modern, according to which “white” is a poetic epithet of the Kama River. The study builds on massive folklore and significant comparative material, including foreign languages (Russian and German). However, there are also some deficiencies in terms of the style and structure, the ambiguity of the researcher’s goal, as well as the fact that the author overlooks the correlation between the concepts “white” — “clean, pure” — “sacred (holy, saint)”. Nevertheless, given the extensive evidence base, the author’s work must be complimented and commended for.
As a discipline, anthropology has increased its public visibility in recent years with its growing focus on engagement. Although the call for engagement has elicited responses in all subfields and ...around the world, this special issue focuses on engaged anthropology and the dilemmas it raises in U.S. cultural and practicing anthropology. Within this field, the authors distinguish a number of forms of engagement: (1) sharing and support, (2) teaching and public education, (3) social critique, (4) collaboration, (5) advocacy, and (6) activism. They show that engagement takes place during fieldwork; through applied practice; in institutions such as Cultural Survival, the Institute for Community Research, and the Hispanic Health Council; and as individual activists work in the context of war, terrorism, environmental injustice, human rights, and violence. A close examination of the history of engaged anthropology in the United States also reveals an enduring set of dilemmas, many of which persist in contemporary anthropological practice. These dilemmas were raised by the anthropologists who attended the Wenner‐Gren workshop titled “The Anthropologist as Social Critic: Working toward a More Engaged Anthropology,” January 22–25, 2008. Their papers, many of which are included in this collection, highlight both the expansion and growth of engaged anthropology and the problems its practitioners face. To introduce this collection of articles, we discuss forms of engaged anthropology, its history, and its ongoing dilemmas.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
The purpose of the paper is to explore the influence of verbal impulses of selected German television commercials on triggering emotions. The research aimed at finding out the interconnection of ...verbal and psychological dimension of television commercials and the comparison and analysis of the data, obtained with the help of test subjects, including the dimension of the gender of test subjects. In addition, the standard techniques and instruments of collecting quantity data were applied – a questionnaire and a grading scale. The data, obtained with the help of the questionnaires, completed by the test subjects, were statistically analysed. The results of statistical tests show that the language tools, applied in the German commercials concerned, do influence triggering of certain emotions. The analysis also showed that the influence of verbal impulses of television commercials on triggering emotions depends on the gender of participating test subjects, taking into account the exceptions.
Svrha rada je istražiti utjecaj verbalnih impulsa odabranih njemačkih televizijskih reklama na poticanje emocija. Istraživanje je imalo za cilj utvrditi povezanost verbalne i psihološke dimenzije televizijskih reklama te usporedbu i analizu podataka dobivenih uz pomoć ispitanika, uključujući i dimenziju spola ispitanika. Primijenjene su standardne tehnike i instrumenti prikupljanja kvantitativnih podataka – upitnik i ljestvica ocjenjivanja. Rezultati statističkih testova pokazuju da jezični alati, primijenjeni u njemačkim reklamama, utječu na izazivanje određenih emocija. Analiza je također pokazala da utjecaj verbalnih impulsa televizijskih reklama na izazivanje emocija ovisi o spolu ispitanika koji su sudjelovali u testiranju..
In this study we will comparatively analyse swearing material form Slovenian and Estonian language in order to show the lexical and structural similarities/differences between swearing and ...incantations present in the material as to argue that swearing is not only a manner to give voice to taboos, but is similar with incantations. The basic premise underlying the analysis is the existence of the “go to X” formula found both in the material and in the two genres analysed. Place X is the place of origin, non-existence or chaos, where the unwanted is sent to. There are more than 50 different variants of “go to X” we can detect in both Estonian and Slovenian language; besides we consider the phrases which carry the idea to negate someone to somewhere but they are in different formulation.
PDF
