Bakhtin’s views (1980:127-130) on the importance of studying speech representation and its interaction with authorial context incited prolific research in various disciplines. The research presented ...in this paper is based on Bakhtin’s crucial claims about speech representation, and on the theoretical framework of linguistic stylistics (Kovačević 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015; Katnić-Bakaršić 2001) and representology (Kovačević 2015:253-254). The aim of this paper is twofold—to identify the types of speech, thought and writing representation employed in the novel Sense and Sensibility and to describe their interaction with the authorial context. The method applied is‘word by word’ analysis, where in the first stage the modes of speech, thought and writing representation are identified; in the next stage their interaction with authorial context is described. The modes of speech are classified and differentiated by combining the classifications of representation modes in Serbian and English (Leech and Short 2007; Semino and Short 2004; Kovačević 2013) The results of the analysis prove that Jane Austen employs the following modes to repоrt speech, thought and writing: indirect speech/thought/ writing, narrator’s report of speech act/ thought act/writing act, expressive indirect speech/thought, free indirect speech/thought, direct speech (monologue, dialogue, polylogue), free direct speech, line of dialogue, fragmental quote, hypothetical speech, direct thought, free direct thought, direct writing, embedded speech/thought. Predominantly, the line of interaction between authorial speech and direct speech involves the former being parenthetically embedded into foregrounded direct speech, amalgamating with the free indirect thought/speech or having as an attachment a ”package” of different embedded modes of speech/ thought/writing representation. Primarily indirect thought, free indirect thought, direct thought, and free direct thought are the modes employed to characterise Elinor Dashwood, while on the other side the modes of direct speech, free direct speech, free indirect speech and direct writing combined with numerous mimetic markers prevail in depicting her sister Marianne. It is through the stylistically effective transitions between these modes and their interaction with the authorial context that the total antithetical effect regarding the sense and sensibility principles is obtained on the syntactic-stylistic level.
Stylistics is a topic, which is present in the Slovenská reč journal from its very beginning – not only in scientific studies, but also in essays, reviews, discussions and reports. Slovenská reč is a ...platform, where the continuous stabilization of stylistics as part of Slovak linguistics can be observed, including the research objectives, terminology and methodology. The majority of articles are focused on the linguo-stylistics and stylistics of communication spheres, based mainly on the concept of functional style – scientific, media, administrative, literary, and common spheres specifically. In the last decades, it is also a religious sphere. In the 1950s, in accordance with its main profile, educational stylistics is preferred; in the 1960s – 1980s, it is textual stylistics and theoretical and practical questions of composition. There are also articles concerning other parts of stylistics, mainly translational stylistics and in the 21st century significantly also pragmastylistics.
Введение. Проведено лингвостилистическое исследование паремиологических трансформаций в кинотексте и рассмотрены возможности эквивалентной передачи трансформа в языке перевода. Актуальность ...исследования обусловлена широкой употребительностью пословичных единиц в художественном языке, в частности в кинодискурсе. Встраиваясь в матрицу кинодиалога, они становятся основой для последующих преобразований в высказываниях персонажей, создавая своей окказиональностью значительный экспрессивный потенциал. Цель. Поскольку свидетельством эффективной трансформации является узнаваемость исходной пословицы в трансформе, целью исследования стало выявление лингвостилистических средств, способствующих узнаванию, декодированию и адекватному зрительскому восприятию трансформа в языке принимающей культуры. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили пословичные трансформы в высказываниях персонажей анимационного фильма “The Lion King. Hakuna Matata” («Король Лев. Акуна Матата»). Проводимое исследование имело теоретико-эмпирический характер, при котором анализ материала осуществлялся посредством структурного и описательного методов, позволяющих установить определенные лингвистические закономерности паремиологических трансформаций. Результаты и обсуждение. Анализируемый авторский трансформ является по сути сентенцией, афористическим, то есть лаконичным и поучительным, изречением. Сентенция воспроизводит типические черты народной пословицы: дидактичность, переосмысленность, имплицитность. Оживляя традиционную форму паремиологической единицы, она сохраняет семантико-стилистическое тождество с прецедентным текстом. Наряду со смысловой тождественностью с исходной пословицей, трансформ-сентенция демонстрирует и синтаксическую схожесть, при этом бесшовно включаясь в контекст диалога. Констатируемые проявления трансформационного процесса закономерны, так как трансформ создается по пословичным алгоритмам, что обеспечивает его соотносимость с исходной пословицей. Их имплицитная общность предопределяет и в некоторой степени ограничивает вариативность лексического содержания, а также синтаксической структуры трансформа. Это дедуктивное положение может стать небольшим научным вкладом в лингвостилистические исследования в области паремиологической трансформации. Оно эффективно работает в художественном языке, где обеспечивающая адекватное восприятие логическая структура традиционной пословицы способна производить дериваты, выделяющиеся своеобразием формы. Проводимым лингвостилистическим исследованием изучаются людические (игровые) ресурсы полисемии, применяемые в трансформе, и анализируются изыскиваемые возможности перевода каламбурных речений. Внесение модифицированной пословичной единицы – сентенции – в структуру кинодиалога рассматривается как прием стилистической цитации, функциональная ценность которой подтверждается уместностью употребления в определенной ситуации общения. Статус интертекстуального знака, приобретаемый сентенцией в высказывании персонажа, наделяет ее особой значимостью и способствует возникновению направленных ассоциаций, служит средством усиления аргументации и выражения оценки. Заключение. Трансформация паремиологических единиц – это результат художественно-обработанного прецедентного текста, где структурно-семантическая устойчивость обновляется окказиональным, но идентичным по содержанию выражением. Таким образом, модифицированные паремии не воспринимаются как безжизненные фольклорные штампы, они являются актуальными составляющими речевого узуса. Поскольку краткость входит одним из основных компонентов в понятие «пословица», ее семантико-стилистическому деривату также свойственны смысловая емкость и синтаксическая сжатость. Подобные формы способствуют созданию языковой компрессии, необходимой в субтитровании, наиболее востребованном виде киноперевода. Этот фактор подтверждает как практическую значимость исследования, так и его актуальность для киноиндустрии.
This paper explores a stylistic approach to translating literary texts from Arabic into English and vice versa. It is held that in order to be in a position to render literary texts effectively and ...accurately, one needs to: (1) analyze and describe varieties of language, (2) identify and discern all important aesthetic aspects of text in order to interpret and appreciate texts properly, (3) activate processes and experiences of reading along with one’s intuitive responses to the text, and (4) activate all aspects of knowledge stored in one’s mind on language, text-typological demands, generic conventions, sociological roles of participants in the real world and in text, cultural environment and so on. Through the analysis of authentic data, it argues that by adopting a comprehensive stylistic approach, translators, as special text readers, can easily derive a better understanding and appreciation of texts, in particular literary texts. The data analysis demonstrates that literary translators, in addition to possessing other types of competences, need to develop first an analytical and evaluating competence that enables them to analyze and appreciate stylistic features, and second transferring/translating competence that enables them to prioritize the competing elements with a minimum loss.
Digital marketing is influential to advertising businesses, with a veritable platform being SMSs. SMSs, with their widespread usage, have generated several academic enquiries. They have, however, ...been abused by telemarketers who inundate subscribers with spam-unsolicited and indiscriminately sent SMSs. A linguistic stylistic analysis of purposively collected spam SMS data provides insight into Nigerian spam SMSs' unique linguistic features. Nigerian spam SMSs include categories such as network/service provider texts, bank texts, sport texts, health texts, religion texts, and bonanza/jackpot texts. Spam SMSs were primarily employed for advertisement, with phone users, the ultimate "victims," receiving an average of 3.4 messages per day. Nigerian spam SMSs, despite usually being sent from "official" sources, contain linguistic features like textese, graphological deviation, and non-conformity to punctuation rules, while also employing code-mixing and internet text notations. They are also persuasive thanks to their use of verbal inducement, emotive language, polite salutations and "call-to-action" verbs.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Linguistic-stylistics explores the use of language, and how it (language) affects the building of a text to create effective meaning. Language is about meaning, as such, speakers and writers are ...often conscious of their language choice to create meaning in every given social context. The present study is a linguistic stylistic analysis of parliamentary type of minutes of meetings selected from two Faculties in Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti. The study adopts the theory of Systemic Functional Linguistic SFL to analyze tense, mood and sentence types in the selected minutes of meetings. The study reports that a minute of meeting, being a report of speech activities is normally in the past tense, and the mood is predominantly declarative, and sentences are selected to reflect a narrative piece.
The early studies on text grammar appeared in the late 1980s. Maslouh was among the few founders of this field in Arabic studies. However, his contribution has not been fully acknowledged in spite of ...its originality, richness, and importance. The current study aims at bridging this gap by shedding lights on Maslouh’s contribution to text grammar. It will study the major aspects of his three researches on the area. The study will describe his work and compare his theoretical backgrounds to his analysis and introduce a final discussion and results. The importance of this work emerges from the integrity of Maslouh’s writings and the vividness of his perspectives as well as the comprehensiveness of his analysis.
This article reports on a corpus-based exploration of the role that fictional dialogue plays in characterisation. The focus is on the two main characters of Austen’s Sense and Sensibility and (a) the ...extent to which certain features of their dialogue can be said to tie in with general perceptions that Elinor represents the “sense” and Marianne the “sensibility” of the novel’s title; and (b) the extent to which Austen can be said to have exploited these features to enable the sisters to speak with subtly differing voices. The features themselves were drawn from two linguistic frameworks, namely cohesion in text linguistics (specifically, the category of conjunctive cohesion as originated by Halliday and Hasan (1976)), and the category of “involvement” in register analysis (most prominently, Biber 1988). The density of these features in each dialogue was calculated, compared statistically and salient differences considered in relation to the focal issues of the study. Although two of the five hypotheses formulated were not supported, the results overall provided strong indications that Austen successfully distinguishes between the sisters through their dialogue, and often in ways that link with less subtle, more explicit cues to their character that are given in the text. The study thus reveals how certain text-linguistic and register features can underpin characterisation in fiction, and in so doing explicates aspects of what it is that readers and literary critics respond to when they comment on characterisation in a novel.
Salman Rushdie's The Moor's Last Sigh (1995) is a zestful piling up of stories, "a final scandalous skein of shaggy-dog yarns", but in this diversity there is also thematic unity, brought about most ...forcefully through the character of Aurora, the narrator's mother - "most sharp-tongued woman of her generation" - and through the counterpoint of her relationship with her husband, the shadowy Abraham. This paper examines transitivity patterns in certain passages of the novel, showing how these lexicogrammatical features underpin the perception that it is Aurora in particular, but other women too, who dominate the narrative - and the men in their lives. More generally, the paper points out the value of transitivity analysis in explicating reader responses to characters in fiction.
Conversation, characterisation and corpus linguistics : dialogue in JaneAusten's Sense and Sensibility This article reports on a corpus-based exploration of the role that fictionaldialogue plays in ...characterisation. The focus is on the two main charactersof Austen's Sense and Sensibility and (a) the extent to which certainfeatures of their dialogue can be said to tie in with general perceptions thatElinor represents the "sense" and Marianne the "sensibility" of the novel'stitle; and (b) the extent to which Austen can be said to have exploited thesefeatures to enable the sisters to speak with subtly differing voices. Thefeatures themselves were drawn from two linguistic frameworks, namelycohesion in text linguistics (specifically, the category of conjunctivecohesion as originated by Halliday and Hasan (1976)), and the category of"involvement" in register analysis (most prominently, Biber 1988). Thedensity of these features in each dialogue was calculated, comparedstatistically and salient differences considered in relation to the focal issuesof the study. Although two of the five hypotheses formulated were not supported,the results overall provided strong indications that Austen successfullydistinguishes between the sisters through their dialogue, and often inways that link with less subtle, more explicit cues to their character that aregiven in the text. The study thus reveals how certain text-linguistic andregister features can underpin characterisation in fiction, and in so doingexplicates aspects of what it is that readers and literary critics respond towhen they comment on characterisation in a novel.
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