Validation of 2D flood models with insurance claims Zischg, Andreas Paul; Mosimann, Markus; Bernet, Daniel Benjamin ...
Journal of hydrology (Amsterdam),
February 2018, 2018-02-00, Volume:
557
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
•An alternative data set for the validation of 2D flood models is presented.•Validation based on insurance claims is more conservative in specific cases because of stronger weighting to urbanized ...areas.•Validation approach is focused on flood exposure and loss analyses at single building scale.
Flood impact modelling requires reliable models for the simulation of flood processes. In recent years, flood inundation models have been remarkably improved and widely used for flood hazard simulation, flood exposure and loss analyses. In this study, we validate a 2D inundation model for the purpose of flood exposure analysis at the river reach scale. We validate the BASEMENT simulation model with insurance claims using conventional validation metrics. The flood model is established on the basis of available topographic data in a high spatial resolution for four test cases. The validation metrics were calculated with two different datasets; a dataset of event documentations reporting flooded areas and a dataset of insurance claims. The model fit relating to insurance claims is in three out of four test cases slightly lower than the model fit computed on the basis of the observed inundation areas. This comparison between two independent validation data sets suggests that validation metrics using insurance claims can be compared to conventional validation data, such as the flooded area. However, a validation on the basis of insurance claims might be more conservative in cases where model errors are more pronounced in areas with a high density of values at risk.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Suwignyo B, Arifin L, Umami N, Muhlisin, Suhartanto B. 2021. The performance and genetic variation of first and second generation tropical alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Biodiversitas 22: 3265-3270. This ...study aimed to compare the growth performance, nutrient content, seed viability, and genetic variation of first- and second-generation alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). First and second-generation alfalfa seeds were obtained from the Forage and Pasture Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, Indonesia. First generation alfalfa (F1) seeds were obtained from cross breeding of two different parental alfalfa varieties, namely, Canadian and local. The second-generation (F2) seeds were obtained from plants of the first-generation alfalfa (F1). A randomized design experiment was conducted using the two types of alfalfa (first- and second generation). Alfalfa from Canada as female parent was used as the baseline in the genetic masker test. Seeds were planted in a polybag, watered twice a day, and received 12 hours of daylight and 4 hours of artificial light. Plants were then harvested 8 weeks after planting by cutting the plant canopy. Genetic variation was examined using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) method followed by descriptive analysis. Germination, plant height, dry matter content, organic matter, and crude protein were assessed as variables using a Student’s T-test. Our results showed that germination, plant height, leaf color, and nutrient content (dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein) of the first- and second-generation alfalfa plants were not significantly different. However, the second-generation alfalfa demonstrated better seed viability than the first generation plants, then it can be categorized as a new genotype (tropical alfalfa) based on genetic variation analysis.
Desmanthus virgatus is a perennial forage legume used as a livestock feed source. Seeds of this species are physically dormant and thus, propagation is difficult. The dormancy also impacts the ...routine viability monitoring of genebank accessions. The present study investigated
different methods to break dormancy in seeds collected from various locations at different times. The result showed that most pre-treatments significantly increased germination percentage. Accessions treated with concentrated sulphuric acid (25 or 30 minutes) followed by sandpaper scarification
showed the highest proportion of normal seedlings (94.6 and 96%). Boiling water (2.3 or 3 minutes) was also effective in all accessions except for accession 331. However, accessions treated with hot water (3, 5 or 8 minutes) had a considerable proportion of hard seeds. The proportion of dead/abnormal
seedlings was high in seeds treated with a hot wire in all accessions, ranging from 27.5 (accession 15489) to 75.5% (accession 16). The untreated seeds remained hard at the final germination count. We conclude that it is important to use concentrated sulphuric acid and mechanical scarification
with sandpaper to break the dormancy for the species to enhance germination, obtain uniform field stands and make wise decisions during storage.
The present study was carried out to evaluate 40 lucerne germpalsm including four checks for genetic variability and character associations for green fodder yield and attributing traits. The ...germplasm were evaluated for 16 quantitative and qualitative traits and subjected to pooled analysis for the successive three cuts (environment). The results clearly revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied except leaf length. However, genotype x environment interaction indicated significant differences for all traits studied except for leaf length, leaf breadth, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber. Greater variation was recorded with the obtained values of PCV and GCV for all traits studied. High heritability and high genetic advance as a percent of the mean was noticed for leaf breadth, stem girth, dry matter yield, green fodder yield, crude protein and crude fiber. However, leaf length and leaf stem ratio exhibited high heritability with low GAM. The correlation coefficient for green fodder yield was significant and positively associated with plant height, stem girth, number of crowns per plant and dry matter yield. Positive direct effect was reported for plant height, stem girth, neutral detergent fiber, number of crowns per plant, leaf stem ratio and total ash on green fodder yield. Hence, these traits could be used to formulate a selection index for to improving the green fodder yield in lucerne.
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We conducted feeding experiment with broiler chickens Coob 500. We used lucerne meal in the feeding mixtures. It contains carotenoids including lycopen. Lycopene may have important antioxidant ...implications. Lycopene levels in serum or tissues do not correlate well with the overall intake. It is a potent antioxidant in vitro and in human studies. We followed the effect of lucerne meal on expression of protein HSP 70 in our experiment. HSP 70 belongs to large group of high shock proteins which mediate organism´s response not only to temperature rise, but also to other unfavorable factors, e.g. exposure to heavy metals, hormones, oxidants, etc. We isolated mRNA from heart, spleen, liver, abdominal fat and we transferred transcription and PCR. Expression of HSP 70 was visualized on agarose gel. We detected that the lowest expression was in the heart, the greatest expression was detected in the liver.
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•Bakery wastes were converted to lactic acid with a Bacillus coagulans isolate.•Replacing yeast extract to lucerne green juice resulted in 62 g/L L-lactic acid.•Overall process yield ...was 0.57 g lactic acid per g bakery waste.•Lactic acid productivity was 5 times higher in continuous mode.
The biotechnological production of platform chemicals from renewable resources is in the scientific spotlight, as researchers seek to develop environmentally friendly and cost-efficient processes to compete with the petroleum-based ones. Lactic acid (LA) is an established platform chemical, registering an important market share, mainly owing to the increasing demand for polylactic acid. This study investigated the feasibility to produce LA from bakery waste hydrolysates and lucerne green juice (LGJ) as inexpensive substrates, using a Bacillus coagulans strain. A final LA concentration of 62.2 g/L, with a productivity of 2.59 g/(L.h) and a conversion yield of 0.57 g LA/ g bakery waste was achieved in batch fermentation mode. LA productivity reached 11.28 g/(L.h), using a continuous fermentation system coupled with cell retention membranes at a dilution rate of 0.2 h−1. The results indicate that bakery waste hydrolysates and LGJ can be utilized for the production of highly optical pure L(+)-LA.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
El experimento se realizó en el distrito de Tamburco, provincia de Abancay, Perú, entre enero y abril de 2017 y tuvo como objetivo determinar los niveles séricos de creatinina, urea y nitrógeno ...ureico en sangre (BUN) en cuyes alimentados con pisonay (Erythrina sp). Se utilizaron hojas y peciolos de pisonay con cuatro meses de rebrote y alfalfa fresca (Medicago sativa) con 28 días de rebrote en la dieta de 18 cuyes machos mejorados. Los animales fueron distribuidos en tres tratamientos: A100, 100% de alfalfa (80 g), A50P50, 50% alfalfa (40 g) más 50% de pisonay (40 g) y P100: 100% de pisonay (80 g). El alimento fue proporcionado dos veces al día. Los niveles séricos de creatinina en cuyes alimentados con A50P50 y P100 fueron significativamente mayores con respecto a los que consumieron A100 (p<0.05). Los niveles de BUN solo fueron significativamente diferentes entre A100 y P100 (p<0.05), mientras que no hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para el caso de la urea sanguínea. El incremento proporcional de 50 a 100% de hojas de pisonay como forraje fresco en la dieta de cuyes podría provocar trastornos en la función renal.
SUMMARY
Single-station and array ambient vibration techniques are widely used in onshore environments, in particular to retrieve the subsurface structure and shear-wave velocity profiles. We apply ...these techniques offshore in Lake Lucerne (Switzerland) using single-station and array Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) data. This lake has experienced tsunamigenic subaquatic slope failures in the past and still has sediment-charged slopes that might fail in the presence of a seismic or aseismic trigger. The application of traditional onshore methods offshore brings additional challenges related to the processing of recorded data. To overcome these challenges, we perform multibeam bathymetry surveys to precisely locate the OBS on the lake floor and airgun shootings to determine the orientation of the horizontal components of the seismometer and to correct the time drift of the recorder. Then we obtain surface-wave phase velocity dispersion curves of Scholte and Love waves, and Scholte wave ellipticity curves at six subaquatic slopes. After the estimation of the dispersion curves, we deal with their modal identification using mode attribution analysis. The shear-wave velocity and thickness of the sedimentary layers at the investigated slopes are inferred using a transdimensional Bayesian inversion algorithm. The resolved velocity profiles show very low shear-wave velocities in shallow lake sediments and allow us to improve the understanding of the local stratigraphy. This research contributes to the assessment of stability and tsunamigenic potential of subaquatic slopes in Lake Lucerne.
Grazed pastures are a major contributor to emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), and urine deposition from grazing animals is the main source of the emissions. Incorporating ...alternative forages into grazing systems could be an approach for reducing N2O emissions through mechanisms such as release of biological nitrification inhibitors from roots and increased root depth. Field plot and lysimeter (intact soil column) trials were conducted in a free draining Horotiu silt loam soil to test whether two alternative forage species, plantain (Plantago lanceolate L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), could reduce N2O emissions relative to traditional pasture species, white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The amounts of N2O emitted from the soil below each forage species, which all received the same cow urine at the same rates, was measured using an established static chamber method. Total N2O emissions from the plantain, lucerne and perennial ryegrass controls (without urine application) were generally very low, but emissions from the white clover control were significantly higher. When urine was applied in autumn or winter N2O emissions from plantain were lower compared with those from perennial ryegrass or white clover, but this difference was not found when urine was applied in summer. Lucerne had lower emissions in winter but not in other seasons. Incorporation of plantain into grazed pasture could be an approach to reduce N2O emissions. However, further work is required to understand the mechanisms for the reduced emissions and the effects of environmental conditions in different seasons.
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•Urine patches in ryegrass-dominant pasture are a major contributor to N2O emissions.•Test of alternative pasture species as a novel approach to reduce N2O emissions•Compared with ryegrass, plantain had lower emissions from urine in most seasons.•Lucerne had lower emissions in winter but not in other seasons.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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