This collection of chapters, each one written by internationally recognized experts in the corresponding field, covers in a comprehensive fashion all the major aspects related to the synthesis, ...characterization and properties of macromolecular materials prepared using renewable resources as such, or after appropriate modifications. Thus, monomers such as terpenes and furans, oligomers like rosin and tannins, and polymers ranging from cellulose to proteins and including macromolecules synthesized by microbes, are discussed with the purpose of showing the extraordinary variety of materials that can be prepared from their intelligent exploitation. Particular emphasis has been placed on recent advances and imminent perspectives, given the incessantly growing interest that this area is experiencing in both the scientific and technological realms. The book discusses bio-refining with explicit application to materials, replete with examples of applications of the concept of sustainable development, and presents an impressive variety of novel macromolecular materials. This book is suitable for university chemistry, materials science and physics departments, research institutions, industrial laboratories, and industrial libraries.
The ATSAS software suite encompasses a number of programs for the processing, visualization, analysis and modelling of small‐angle scattering data, with a focus on the data measured from biological ...macromolecules. Here, new developments in the ATSAS 3.0 package are described. They include IMSIM, for simulating isotropic 2D scattering patterns; IMOP, to perform operations on 2D images and masks; DATRESAMPLE, a method for variance estimation of structural invariants through parametric resampling; DATFT, which computes the pair distance distribution function by a direct Fourier transform of the scattering data; PDDFFIT, to compute the scattering data from a pair distance distribution function, allowing comparison with the experimental data; a new module in DATMW for Bayesian consensus‐based concentration‐independent molecular weight estimation; DATMIF, an ab initio shape analysis method that optimizes the search model directly against the scattering data; DAMEMB, an application to set up the initial search volume for multiphase modelling of membrane proteins; ELLLIP, to perform quasi‐atomistic modelling of liposomes with elliptical shapes; NMATOR, which models conformational changes in nucleic acid structures through normal mode analysis in torsion angle space; DAMMIX, which reconstructs the shape of an unknown intermediate in an evolving system; and LIPMIX and BILMIX, for modelling multilamellar and asymmetric lipid vesicles, respectively. In addition, technical updates were deployed to facilitate maintainability of the package, which include porting the PRIMUS graphical interface to Qt5, updating SASpy – a PyMOL plugin to run a subset of ATSAS tools – to be both Python 2 and 3 compatible, and adding utilities to facilitate mmCIF compatibility in future ATSAS releases. All these features are implemented in ATSAS 3.0, freely available for academic users at https://www.embl‐hamburg.de/biosaxs/software.html.
ATSAS is a comprehensive software suite for the processing, visualization, analysis and modelling of small‐angle scattering data. This article describes developments in the ATSAS 3.0 release, including new programs for data simulation and for the structural modelling of lipids, nucleic acids and polydisperse systems.
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ATSAS is a comprehensive software suite for the analysis of small‐angle scattering data from dilute solutions of biological macromolecules or nanoparticles. It contains applications for primary data ...processing and assessment, ab initio bead modelling, and model validation, as well as methods for the analysis of flexibility and mixtures. In addition, approaches are supported that utilize information from X‐ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy or atomistic homology modelling to construct hybrid models based on the scattering data. This article summarizes the progress made during the 2.5–2.8 ATSAS release series and highlights the latest developments. These include AMBIMETER, an assessment of the reconstruction ambiguity of experimental data; DATCLASS, a multiclass shape classification based on experimental data; SASRES, for estimating the resolution of ab initio model reconstructions; CHROMIXS, a convenient interface to analyse in‐line size exclusion chromatography data; SHANUM, to evaluate the useful angular range in measured data; SREFLEX, to refine available high‐resolution models using normal mode analysis; SUPALM for a rapid superposition of low‐ and high‐resolution models; and SASPy, the ATSAS plugin for interactive modelling in PyMOL. All these features and other improvements are included in the ATSAS release 2.8, freely available for academic users from https://www.embl‐hamburg.de/biosaxs/software.html.
Developments and improvements of the ATSAS software suite (versions 2.5–2.8) for analysis of small‐angle scattering data of biological macromolecules or nanoparticles are described.
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Mingli Han, Zhongxing Jiang
Macromol. Biosci. 2022, 2200353
https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202200353
Retraction: “Versatile Molecule for Single‐Laser‐Triggered Redox‐Responsive Enhanced Dual‐Modal ...Imaging and Synergistic Photothermal‐Photodynamic Therapy”, by Mingli Han and Zhongxing Jiang, Macromolecular Bioscience 2022, 2200353 (https://doi.org/10.1002/mabi.202200353). The above article, published online on October 10, 2022, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief Anne Pfisterer, and Wiley‐VCH GmbH. The article has been retracted because the manuscript was submitted and published with neither the knowledge nor consent of the listed coauthor and thus lacked the proper authorization for publication.
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Examining the physical basis of the structure of macromolecules-proteins, nucleic acids, and their complexes-using calorimetric techniques Many scientists working in biology are unfamiliar with the ...basics of thermodynamics and its role in determining molecular structures. Yet measuring the heat of structural change a molecule undergoes under various conditions yields information on the energies involved and, thus, on the physical bases of the considered structures. Microcalorimetry of Macromolecules offers protein scientists unique access to this important information. Divided into thirteen chapters, the book introduces readers to the basics of thermodynamics as it applies to calorimetry, the evolution of the calorimetric technique, as well as how calorimetric techniques are used in the thermodynamic studies of macromolecules, detailing instruments for measuring the heat effects of various processes. Also provided is general information on the structure of biological macromolecules, proteins, and nucleic acids, focusing on the key thermodynamic problems relating to their structure. The book covers: The use of supersensitive calorimetric instruments, including micro and nano-calorimeters for measuring the heat of isothermal reactions (Isothermal Titration Nano-Calorimeter), the heat capacities over a broad temperature range (Scanning Nano-Calorimeter), and pressure effects (Pressure Perturbation Nano-Calorimeter) Two of the simplest but key structural elements: the α and polyproline helices and their complexes, the α-helical coiled-coil, and the pyroline coiled-coils Complicated macromolecular formations, including small globular proteins, multidomain proteins and their complexes, and nucleic acids Numerous examples of measuring the ground state of protein energetics, as well as changes seen when proteins interact The book also reveals how intertwined structure and thermodynamics are in terms of a macromolecule's organization, mechanism of formation, the stabilization of its three-dimensional structure, and ultimately, its function. The first book to describe microcalorimetric technique in detail, enough for graduate students and research scientists to successfully plumb the structural mysteries of proteins and the double helix, Microcalorimetry of Macromolecules is an essential introduction to using a microcalorimeter in biological studies.
Bio‐macromolecules alginic acid (ALG), lysozyme (Lys) and calcium ion can self‐assemble to prepare ALG/Ca2+/Lys colloidal particles by electrostatic interaction. The size and morphology of the ...colloidal particles were characterized by BI‐90PIus Zeta potentiometer and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the formed colloidal particles have a spherical structure with a particle size of 480 nm. The colloidal particles can be reassembled at the oil (containing fat‐soluble vitamin D3)‐water interface to stabilize oil‐in‐water functional Pickering emulsions. The effects of pH values and salt concentrations on the properties and emulsifying properties of colloidal particles were investigated in detail. The sustained release properties of the emulsion to Ca2+ and vitamin D3 functional factors were studied. The results show that the emulsion has better sustained release performance for both Ca2+ and vitamin D3. Using zinc ion (Zn2+) instead of Ca2+ and bio‐macromolecule hyaluronic acid (HA) instead of ALG, the colloidal particles ALG/Zn2+/Lys and HA/Zn2+/Lys were prepared. The Pickering emulsion prepared with colloidal particles still has good sustained release performance for functional factors. The prepared functional emulsion has potential applications in the fields of food, medicine and cosmetics.
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Over the past decades, dynamic high pressure microfluidization (DHPM) has been widely used in modification of biological macromolecules to overcome some inherent drawbacks. However, the studies ...related to the regularity and limitation of DHPM on modification of macromolecules have received inadequate attention.
The present review provides an overview of DHPM technology and its effects on the structure and properties of protein/enzyme, non-starch polysaccharide, starch and dietary fiber, discusses the modification of macromolecules by DHPM combined with other methods, and further disserts the existing problems and future development of DHPM in the food field.
The structure of many food macromolecules has been changed after DHPM treatment, leading to modulation of their functional properties. The changes in structure and functional properties may be influenced by pressure and number of passes of DHPM, the solvent, the macromolecule concentration, as well as molecular characteristics. In addition, DHPM combined with other methods exhibited some promising results, and DHPM as a pretreatment could enhance the modification efficiency of other methods. However, due to the small reaction chamber and low processing capacity of microfluidizer, the practical application of this technology in the field of food processing is limited, thus further improvement of microfluidizer is needed.
•The regularity of microfluidization modifying food macromolecules was summarized.•The modification of macromolecules by DHPM combined with other methods was discussed.•The problems of DHPM on modification of macromolecules in food field were disserted.•An outlook of future development of microfluidization was proposed.
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