A preliminary checklist of macromycetes has been previously published with reference to six governorates located in northern Tunisia. This paper provides an updated version of the inventory of ...macromycetes in Tunisia, which includes 268 species, of which seven are worldwide recognized as rare. The investigation was carried out from September 2015 to December 2018 in 13 governorates of the Tunisian territory. This updated checklist reports 145 new national species records (139 basidiomycetes and six ascomycetes) belonging to 57 genera and 13 families. Data related to distribution, ecology and preferential hosts of each recorded taxon are also provided.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Проблематика. Научные основы фоторегуляции биосинтетической активности съедобных и лекарственных макромицетов. Цель. Определение влияния способа культивирования макромицетов, концентрации углерода и ...азота на реализацию их фотоиндуцированной ростовой активности. Методика реализации. Посевной мицелий C. militaris, F. velutipes, H. erinaceus, L. edodes и P. ostreatus, облученный низкоинтенсивным лазерным светом в разных диапазонах длин волн при энергетической дозе облучения 230 мДж/см2, культивировали поверхностно на жидкой среде, а также глубинным способом. В качестве источника углерода использовали глюкозу, азота – пептон в различных концентрациях. Определяли накопление биомассы и эффективность потребления глюкозы. Результаты. Доказано, что степень реализации фотоиндукции зависит от состава питательной среды и способа культивирования макромицетов. Установлено, что для получения максимального стимулирующего эффекта после низкоинтенсивного лазерного излучения следует проводить глубинное культивирование фотоактивированного посевного мицелия. Кратковременное низкоинтенсивное лазерное излучение приводит к изменению трофики макромицетов и выражается в увеличении скорости накопления биомассы и эффективности потребления глюкозы. Снижение концентрации глюкозы в среде повышает фотоиндуцированную активность посевного мицелия C. militaris, G. lucidum, L. edodes, H. erinaceus и P. ostreatus. Достоверного влияния концентрации азота на фотостимуляцию роста макромицетов не установлено. Выводы. Полученные результаты являются основанием для дальнейших исследований влияния различных факторов на фотоиндукцию биосинтетической активности съедобных и лекарственных грибов с целью интенсификации технологических этапов из культивирования.
Continuation of the mycological study of the fire-damaged pine forest in Kampinos National Park in central Poland in 2017 produced interesting new findings. Among the taxa collected, 36 were new to ...the Park, six had not been hitherto reported from Poland (Calycellina araneocincta, Ciliolarina aff. laetifica, Clitocybe metachroides, Galerina cerina f. longicystis, Parasola cuniculorum, Pleonectria pinicola), and the previous status of one taxon (Pleonectria cucurbitula) had been uncertain. Short descriptions based on collected specimens have been prepared for all taxa new to Poland. The current number of taxa of macromycetes identified in Kampinos National Park has reached 1604.
The antibacterial activities of thirty mushroom species belonging to Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, cultivated on two liquid media, were evaluated against gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and ...Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria by the disk diffusion method. All of the mushrooms, except Auriporia aurea, Fomes fomentarius, and Lyophyllum shimeji, showed different antibacterial activity levels-from 9.5 mm in diameter of the inhibition zone to full inhibition of growth of the test bacteria. The antibacterial activities of Crinipellis schevczenkovi, Hohenbuehelia myxotricha, Oxyporus obducens, and Spongipellis litschaueri were observed for the first time. The antibacterial potential of culture liquids of the investigated species was higher than that of their mycelia activity. Dependence of the intensity of antibacterial activity on the culture medium was shown. The antibacterial efficiency of the most active species (Lentinus edodes, Piptoporus betulinus, and Phellinus igniarius) was verified and compared with those of some commercial antibiotics and natural essential oils of Salvia and Eucalyptus. The culture liquid of Piptoporus betulinus, obtained after cultivation on glucose-peptone-yeast culture medium, is a potential substance for further creation of antibacterial products.
This study explores the biotechnological potential of lignocellulolytic fungi collected in an oak forest. Fungal collections were obtained from natural reserves located in Boyacá-Colombia, ranging ...from 2700 to 3000 m.a.s.l. Twenty-three strains were isolated on malt agar, molecular characterization was performed, and ligninolytic and cellulolytic enzymatic activities were screened. Several white-rot fungi of biotechnological importance were identified as follows:
Trametes
sp.,
Trametes versicolor
,
Trametes villosa
,
Pycnoporus sanguineus
,
Bjerkandera adjusta
,
Lentinula boryana
,
Panus conchatus
,
Antrodia neotropica
,
Brunneoporus malicola
,
Laetiporus gilbertsonii
,
Stereum
sp
.
,
Ganoderma
sp., and
Dichomitus
sp
.
The strains
T. versicolor
0554 and 0583,
T. villosa
0562, and
B. adusta
0556 showed the highest response in the qualitative enzymatic assays. These strains were used to determine their ability to decolorate the dyes aniline blue and Congo red, and it was found that
T. villosa
0562 reached a level of decolorization close to 90% after 48 h of submerged culture. The fungal strains obtained here could offer alternatives to develop a process to accomplish sustainable development objectives.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The Agaricales are the largest clade of mushroom-forming fungi, in Colombia, with 544 species of the approximately 16,000 species currently recognized worldwide in the phylum Basidiomycota. We ...document seven species of Agaricaceae for the first time from the Colombian Caribbean region. Two of these species are newly recorded from the country:
Leucoagaricus lilaceus
Singer and
Leucoagaricus roseilividus
(Murrill) E. Ludw. Five species are reported from the Colombian Caribbean for the first time:
Agaricus griseorimosus
Pegler,
Chlorophyllum hortense
(Murrill) Vellinga,
Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus
(Peck) Singer,
Leucocoprinus cepistipes
(Sowerby) Pat., and
L. venezuelanus
Dennis.
Scientists frequently raise the topic of data deficiency related to the abundance and distribution of macrofungi in the context of climate change. Our study is the first detailed documentation on ...locals' perception of fungal ecology which covers a large mycophilous region of Europe (Mazovia, Poland).
A total of 695 semi-structured interviews were carried out among local informants in 38 localities proportionally distributed throughout the study area (one locality approximately every 30 km). Interview questions concerned fungi species collected, their perceived habitats, and whether any changes had been noted in their abundance. As many as 556 respondents provided information concerning fungal ecology. In these descriptions, 35 taxa were mentioned by at least 5 respondents.
The data collected during interviews allowed us to create collective folk descriptions of habitat preferences and a list of 98 different macro-, meso-, and microhabitats of macrofungi described by the respondents. This list of recurring habitats assigned to particular macrofungal taxa coincides with, and sometimes exceeds, data available in scientific publications. Some habitat preferences observed by the informants have not yet been researched or tested by science. Out of 695 respondents, 366 (53%) noticed a steady decrease in local macrofungi abundance, and only one person claimed to have observed a steady increase. Imleria badia was the only species with increased abundance, as noted by fifteen independent respondents. The main listed reason for abundance decrease was drought (f = 186).
Collected information on the ecology of fungi shows that local knowledge does not generally diverge from scientific knowledge. The acquired information related to macrofungal abundance and ecology may also be used as a tool for the formulation of new scientific questions and theories. The analysis of local fungi observations might contribute to broadening knowledge about local changes in fungi and enable new estimations related to large-scale analysis of macrofungal abundance.
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Amylases are enzymes that hydrolyze starch, and are mostly produced from microbial sources. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of utilization of wheat milling by-products for the production ...of amylases by a macromycete strain, Coprinus comatus, recently discovered as a potential producer of amylases under submerged culture. The best results of enzymatic activity (6.07 U mL−1 for α-amylase and 0.64 U mL−1 for glucoamylases) were obtained in a medium containing 10 g L−1 of low-grade flour (LGF) as substrate. The composition of the culture medium was optimized by experimental designs. The enzymatic activities obtained in the optimized culture medium (105 g L−1 LGF, 3.76 g L−1 urea and 7.52 g L−1 K2HPO4) were 59.40 ± 0.56 U mL−1 and 12.65 ± 0.09 U mL−1 for α-amylases and glucoamylases, respectively, representing an increase of 9.78 and 19.77 fold in the initial enzymatic production. High productivity (0.59 U mL−1 h−1 for α-amylase and 0.11 U mL−1 h−1 for glucoamylase) and product formation yield on substrate consumed (814.28 U gds−1 for α-amylase and 231.24 U gds−1 for glucoamylase) were obtained in the kinetic study. These results show that the use of LGF medium represents a low-cost alternative for the production of amylases by the species studied. The characterization of the partially purified enzymes showed optimal activity at temperature of 50 °C and pH 5.0, in addition to the independence of the calcium ion, a desirable characteristic for amylases produced for industrial application.
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•Four by-products of wheat processing were tested for amylases production.•The utilization of Low-Grade Flour substrate for amylases production is reported for the first time.•Increase of 9.78 fold in α-amylase production and 19.77 fold in glucoamylase production with the optimization.•High productivity was obtained in the kinetic study of the optimized bioprocess.•The amylases from C. comatus showed biochemical characteristics desired for several industrial processes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Macromycetes are important for ecosystem functioning due to their role in the nutrient cycling, and their function as pathogens and mutualists. Diversity metrics based on functional traits are robust ...predictors of ecosystem functionality since they incorporate an evolutionary and ecologic background. We examined diversity patterns of macrofungi using functional trait-based metrics of diversity along an altitudinal gradient in a seasonally dry tropical forest in southern Mexico. Our findings show that: (1) functional diversity varies with elevation, relating more to climatic variables than to vegetation structure; (2) functional diversity indexes exhibited contrasting patterns, so measures reflecting heterogeneity on trait abundance and niche complementarity tend to increase with elevation, whereas the measure of trait evenness decreases; and (3) functional diversity patterns depend on the type of functional trait considered and how they respond to environmental conditions. Our results indicate that functional diversity analyses help understanding of how macrofungal communities respond to environmental variation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The significance and importance of mycocoenological research is stressed and various arguments and examples from the literature are mentioned. The considerations were presented by the Author on the ...Symposium devoted to the memory of Professor Bogusław Sałata in the 5-th anniversary of his death.
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