Activity concentrations of
134
Cs and
137
Cs have been determined in 23 species of mushrooms of the genus
Cortinarius
(59 individual samples) collected from the Reggio Emilia in Italy 1992–1999 and ...in 4 species (16 composite samples and 413 individuals) from the Pomerania region in Poland from 1996 to 2015. Across all the
Cortinarius
species from the Reggio Emilia, the activity concentrations were relatively high in
Cortinarius alboviolaceus
,
Cortinarius duracinus
,
Cortinarius orellanus
,
Cortinarius rapaceus
, and
Cortinarius subannulatus
, in which
137
Cs was at 10,000 ~ 100,000 Bq kg
−1
dry biomass (db) in 1994. Smaller activity concentrations were found in
Cortinarius bivelus
,
Cortinarius bulliardii
,
Cortinarius cotoneus
,
Cortinarius largus
,
Cortinarius lividoviolaceus
,
Cortinarius purpureus
,
Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus
,
Cortinarius torvus
, and
Cortinarius venetus
with levels at 1000 ~ 6000 Bq kg
−1
db from 1992 to 1994, and further in
Cortinarius anserinus
,
Cortinarius auroturbinatus
,
C
.
largus
,
Cortinarius praestans
,
Cortinarius purpurascens
,
Cortinarius scaurus
,
Cortinarius sebaceous
,
Cortinarius talus
, and
Cortinarius variecolor
with activity concentrations at 100 ~ 600 Bq kg
−1
db in 1994. All the data were calculated for dehydrated fungal material corrected back to the exact date samples of collection. The greatest activity concentrations of
137
Cs both in Italy (1992–1999) and Poland (1996–2010) were found in the popular
Cortinarius caperatus
, confirming its very high capacity of radiocaesium accumulation. Besides
137
Cs, the isotope
134
Cs was detected in some species from the Reggio Emilia. An average calculated ratio of activities of
134
Cs to
137
Cs referenced to 1986 was equal to 0.38 in mushrooms from the Reggio Emilia, and this value slightly differ from that specific for Chernobyl fallout, which was 0.54. It was calculated that
137
Cs originating from Chernobyl accident constituted about 68 % of the total activity concentration of the isotope in Reggio Emilia in 1986, while as much as 32 % of
137
Cs in mushrooms were from the global fallout from nuclear bomb testing.
Full text
Available for:
CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Peatland ecosystems are defined by soils with sufficient under-decomposed organic layer, called peat, formed under anoxic conditions. Peatlands are widespread around the world, with several highly ...paludified regions, one of which is the Western Siberian Plain. Peatlands store large amounts of carbon and are important in their intact state to counteract climate change, as well as for a variety of other ecosystem functions. From the practical aspect, these ecosystems are used as a source of peat for fuel, peat-based fertilisers and growing media, berries and
Sphagnum
plantations. Fungi are the key part of the decomposer community of peatlands, playing a critical role in the aerobic decomposition in the upper peat layer. The community of peatland fungi is adapted to decomposition of peat and dead parts of
Sphagnum
in wet acidic conditions; they form specific mycorrhizal associations with a variety of plants. Thus, the research of fungal diversity of peatlands is important for several reasons: 1) adding knowledge of peatland fungal diversity to local or global biodiversity databases; 2) studying carbon cycling in peatlands; 3) using peat and peatlands for different applications, such as cultivation of
Sphagnum
with regards to some parasitic species of fungi and 4) peatland restoration and conservation, to mention a few.
The community of macromycetes of the raised bog “Mukhrino” in Western Siberia was studied using plot-based monitoring throughout a 9-year observation period. The revealed species diversity is represented by approximately 500 specimens in the Fungarium of Yugra State University collection. Selected specimens were used for barcoding of the ITS region to reveal a total of 95 species from 33 genera and three classes. The barcoding effort confirmed morphological identifications for most specimens and identified a number of cryptic species and several potentially new taxa. Based on regular all-season observations, we describe the phenology of the community sporophore production. The quantitative community structure, based on sporophores, revealed a difference in abundance between species by four orders of magnitude, with rare species representing nearly half of the species list. The inter-annual fruiting abundance varied several times by the total number of sporophores per year. To make the comparisons with global studies, we created an open access database of literature-based observations of fungi in peatlands, based on about 120 published papers (comprising about 1300 species) and compared our species list with this database.
As a result, the study created an accurate representation of taxonomic and quantitative structure of the community of macromycetes in raised bogs in the region. The raw data of plot-based counts was published as a sampling-event dataset and the sequenced specimens with the sequence information as an DNA-derived extension dataset in GBIF.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) are very important in fundamental forest ecosystems. They play a very important role in the succession process, e.g., afforestation of former agricultural areas. Species ...richness and relative abundance of ECM macromycetes fruiting bodies were determined in spruce monocultures of different ages. Fifty-one ECM species were found; the most dominant were
Ramaria formosa
,
Hygrophorus pustulatus
,
Lactarius aurantiacus
,
L. rufus
,
Paxillus involutus
, and others. The highest average abundance was found in a 21-year-old forest stand; the highest number of species was found in a 51-year-old stand. Average monthly temperature (
p
< 0.001), precipitation (
p
< 0.01), and soil carbon content (
p
< 0.05) had the most significant impact on the dynamics of species richness and abundance. The highest values of abundance and species richness were noted in summer 2016 and autumn 2017 and 2018. The highest values of mycorrhizal percentage were recorded in 21-year-old forest stands (41.95%), and the lowest values were recorded in 51-year-old stands (35.86%). Shannon index values (H´) indicate a slightly lower species diversity of ECM fungi in young stands (1.65) compared with older stands (1.71). The values of species richness and fruiting bodies abundance were statistically strongly significant (
p
< 0.001) during seasonality (month) and through the interaction (month/year).
Amanita muscaria
,
Chalciporus piperatus
,
Russula aeruginea
, and
Suillus grevillei
were found as indication species in the youngest stands.
Amanita rubescens, Imleria badia
,
Inocybe lacera
, and
Tricholoma equestre
were found as indication species in the oldest stands.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In this study, the biomass and exopolysaccharides (EPS) production in co-cultures of microalgae/cyanobacteria and macromycetes was evaluated as a technology for producing new polysaccharides for ...medical and/or industrial application. Based on biomass and EPS productivity of monocultures, two algae and two fungi were selected and cultured in different co-culture arrangements. The hydrosoluble EPS fractions from mono- and co-cultures were characterized by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and compared. It was found that co-cultures resulted in the production of an EPS different from those produced by monocultures, showing fungal predominance with microalgal/cyanobacterial traces. Co-cultures conditions were screened (temperature, agitation speed, fungal and microalgae inoculation rate, initial pH, illumination rate, and glucose concentration) in order to achieve maximum biomass and EPS production, resulting in an increase of 33 and 61% in exopolysaccharides and biomass productions, respectively (patent pending).
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Within the last decade, checklists of fungi of several countries have been published or updated. Nevertheless, no checklists of macromycetes have hitherto been published for Tunisia (North Africa) ...apart from a mycocoenological study reporting 34 listed species. This work presents a list of macromycetes collected from January 2014 to March 2015 in six governorates of northern Tunisia. One hundred and twenty-three species (117 basidiomycetes and six ascomycetes) belonging to 78 genera and 46 families were recorded.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
► We characterized plant's and macromycete's diversity in urban landscapes. ► Plant diversity was significantly different when analysed by growth-form. ► Oak-stands exhibited the highest ECM fungal ...diversity values. ► Eucalyptus-stands were more affected by invasive taxa. ► Taxa with higher biological and conservation value were found in Oak-stands. ► Disturbed and abandoned areas showed high capacity for regeneration.
Urban landscapes support a high and rich diversity often occurring as unusual or unique communities. Urban green areas are a vital part of the urban landscape, providing contact with wildlife and environmental services with additional socio-ecological benefits to the overall quality of life. The composition and diversity of vascular plants and macromycetes were assessed in an urban green area of the city of Coimbra (central Portugal) comprising three landscape types (Oak-, Eucalyptus-, and Olive-stands), with historical periurban agriculture and forest uses. We recorded 287 taxa of plants, including three taxa with important ecological value (Quercus suber, Quercus faginea subsp. broteroi and Ruscus aculeatus) and 96 taxa of macromycetes. The pattern of land use resulted in the establishment of different plant and soil fungal communities’ composition and diversity among these landscapes. The plant richness and diversity indices revealed similar trends within the landscape types, with the highest values found in the Olive-stands due to the presence of herbaceous that decreased with tree cover density. Richness and diversity of macromycetes were higher in Oak-stands especially the symbiotic ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities. Although not significant, higher saprobic fungi richness and diversity values were found in the Eucalyptus-stands. Given the undoubted ecological complexity of urban green areas and the value of these ecosystems for society in terms of goods and services, it is imperative to select bioindicators that are readily accessible and reliable to design balanced urban ecosystems by linking wildlife and biological parameters to human well-being.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Purpose of work To show biological activity of carboxymethylated α-(1 → 3)-d-glucans isolated from the selected macromycetes fungi on human tumor and normal cells. Water-insoluble, alkali-soluble ...polysaccharides (WIP) were isolated from fruiting bodies of four macromycetes fungi: Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Piptoporus betulinus and Laetiporus sulphureus. The structure of the polysaccharides was determined using composition analysis, methylation analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The chemical and spectroscopic investigations indicated that the polysaccharides were an α-(1 → 3)-d-glucans. A biological activity analysis of the carboxymethylated (CM) α-(1 → 3)-d-glucans was based on an assessment of their cytotoxic, mitochondrial metabolism-modulating, and free radical scavenging effects. The cytotoxic activity of the CM-glucans was concentration- and cell-type-dependent. The tested CM-glucans, generally, did not have a free radical scavenging effect. The CM-α-(1 → 3)-d-glucans isolated from the selected macromycetes fungi are biologically active and may therefore be used as diet or therapy supplements.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The paper presents a list of 167 species of the macromyceles in Tilio-Carpinetum forest association in the Jastkowice Forest Reserve (East Poland). The results of some ecological observations are ...also given.
The paper presents 32 species of macrofungi new to the Kampinos National Park, found during the studies on fire-damaged areas after the forest fires in 2015. Three species new to Poland were ...described and illustrated (Calycellina leucella, Exobasidium juelianum, and Gymnopilus decipiens). Four species from Polish red list of macrofungi have been recorded in the Kampinos National Park for the first time: Botryobasidium vagum (R), Geastrum coronatum (V), Helicogloea farinacea (E), Inonotus cuticularis (R). During the current studies 17 pyrophilous species new to the Kampinos National Park were found.
The paper presents the results of several years of mycological studies carried out in Poland, in the Western Sudety Mountains (the Karkonosze, Kaczawskie, Izera, and Rudawy Janowickie mountains), ...Western Sudety Foothills (the Izerskie and Kaczawskie Foothills), and adjacent regions, such as the Jelenia Góra Valley, Lubawska Gate, and Sudety Foreland (the Niemczańsko-Strzelińskie Hills). During the study, the presence of 985 fungal taxa (species, varieties, and forms) was recorded; of these, 66 had hitherto not been observed in Poland.
PDF
