LGBTQ+ populations have been reported to have higher rates of depression compared with their heterosexual peers. Such data provided us the impetus to conduct a meta-analysis on the worldwide ...prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in LGBTQ+ populations and moderating factors that contributed to differences in prevalence estimates between studies.
A systematic literature search was performed in major international (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, EMBASE) and Chinese (Chinese Nation Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG) databases from dates of inception to 10 December 2021.
48 articles comprising 4,616,903 individuals were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of MDD was 32.2 % (95%CI: 30.8–33.6 %, I2 = 99.6 %, τ2 = 0.284). MDD prevalence was higher in the LGBTQ+ samples from the United States than other countries, though the difference was not significant in moderator analyses. Moderator analyses indicated point and lifetime prevalence of MDD were significantly higher than estimates based on the past year (Q = 6.270, p = 0.043). Furthermore, studies that relied on convenience sampling had a higher prevalence of MDD than those based on other sampling methods (Q = 8.159, p = 0.017). In meta-regression analyses, mean age (B = 0.03, z = 9.54, p < 0.001) and study quality assessment score (B = 0.24, z = 67.64, p < 0.001) were positively associated with pooled prevalence of MDD while mediation data of year of study (B = -0.08, z = −72.55, p < 0.001) and sample size (B = -1.46, z = −37.83, p < 0.001) were negatively associated with pooled prevalence of MDD in LGBTQ+ samples.
MDD is common among in LGBTQ+ individuals. Considering the negative consequences MDD has on daily life and well-being, appropriate prevention and treatment measures should be provided to vulnerable members of these populations. The findings of this meta-analysis could facilitate identifying at-risk subgroups, developing relevant health policy for LGBTQ+ individuals and allocating health resources from an intersectionality perspective.
•This meta-analysis examined the prevalence major depressive disorder (MDD) in LGBTQ+ populations and moderators.•In total, 48 articles comprising 4,618,787 individuals were included, and the overall prevalence of MDD was 32.2%.•The findings of this meta-analysis could facilitate identifying at-risk subgroups, developing relevant health policy for LGBTQ+ individuals.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Network approaches to psychometric constructs, in which constructs are modeled in terms of interactions between their constituent factors, have rapidly gained popularity in psychology. Applications ...of such network approaches to various psychological constructs have recently moved from a descriptive stance, in which the goal is to estimate the network structure that pertains to a construct, to a more comparative stance, in which the goal is to compare network structures across populations. However, the statistical tools to do so are lacking. In this article, we present the network comparison test (NCT), which uses resampling-based permutation testing to compare network structures from two independent, cross-sectional data sets on invariance of (a) network structure, (b) edge (connection) strength, and (c) global strength. Performance of NCT is evaluated in simulations that show NCT to perform well in various circumstances for all three tests: The Type I error rate is close to the nominal significance level, and power proves sufficiently high if sample size and difference between networks are substantial. We illustrate NCT by comparing depression symptom networks of males and females. Possible extensions of NCT are discussed.
Translational AbstractThe network approach, in which psychological constructs are modeled in terms of interactions between their constituent factors, have rapidly gained popularity in psychology. Applications of such network approaches to various psychological constructs have recently moved from a descriptive stance, in which the goal is to estimate the network structure, to a more comparative stance, in which the goal is to compare network structures across groups. However, the statistical tools to do so are lacking. In this article, we present the network comparison test (NCT). NCT is a statistical test that compares two network structures on three types of characteristics. Performance of NCT is evaluated by means of a simulation study. Simulated data shows that NCT performs well in various circumstances for all three tests: when the groups are simulated to be similar, the error rate (i.e., NCT indicating that they are different, while the simulated networks are similar) is adequately low, and when the groups are simulated to be different, the ability to detect a difference is sufficiently high when the difference between simulated networks and the sample size are substantial. We illustrate NCT by comparing depression symptom networks of males and females. Possible extensions of NCT are discussed.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Women's vulnerability for a first lifetime-onset of major depressive disorder (MDD) during midlife is substantial. It is unclear whether risk factors differ for first lifetime-onset and recurrent ...MDD. Identifying these risk factors can provide more focused depression screening and earlier intervention. This study aims to evaluate whether lifetime psychiatric and health histories, personality traits, menopausal status and factors that vary over time, e.g. symptoms, are independent risk factors for first-onset or recurrent MDD across 13 annual follow-ups.
Four hundred and forty-three women, aged 42-52 years, enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation in Pittsburgh and participated in the Mental Health Study. Psychiatric interviews obtained information on lifetime psychiatric disorders at baseline and on occurrences of MDD episodes annually. Psychosocial and health-related data were collected annually. Cox multivariable analyses were conducted separately for women with and without a MDD history at baseline.
Women without lifetime MDD at baseline had a lower risk of developing MDD during midlife than those with a prior MDD history (28% v. 59%) and their risk profiles differed. Health conditions prior to baseline and during follow-ups perception of functioning (ps < 0.05) and vasomotor symptoms (VMS) (p = 0.08) were risk factors for first lifetime-onset MDD. Being peri- and post-menopausal, psychological symptoms and a prior anxiety disorder were predominant risk factors for MDD recurrence.
The menopausal transition warrants attention as a period of vulnerability to MDD recurrence, while health factors and VMS should be considered important risk factors for first lifetime-onset of MDD during midlife.
Stroke and major depression disorder are common neurological diseases, and a large number of clinical studies have shown that there is a close relationship between the two diseases, but whether the ...two diseases are linked at the genetic level needs to be further explored. The purpose of this study was to explore the comorbidity mechanism of stroke and major depression by using bioinformatics technology and animal experiments. From the GEO database, we gathered transcriptome data of stroke and depression mice (GSE104036, GSE131712, GSE81672, and GSE146845) and identified comorbid gene set through edgR and WGCNA analyses. Further analysis revealed that these genes were enriched in pathways associated with cell death. Programmed cell death gene sets (PCDGs) are generated from genes related to apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and autophagy. The intersection of PCDGs and comorbid gene set resulted in two hub genes, Mlkl and Nlrp3. Single-cell sequencing analysis indicated that Mlkl and Nlrp3 are mainly influential on endothelial cells and microglia, suggesting that the impairment of these two cell types may be a factor in the relationship between stroke and major depression. This was experimentally confirmed by RT–PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Our research revealed that two specific genes, namely, Mlkl and Nlrp3, play crucial roles in the complex mechanism that links stroke and major depression. Additionally, we have predicted six possible therapeutic agents and the outcomes of docking simulations of target proteins and drug molecules.
•The changes of gene expression in brain tissues of stroke and major depression have some overlap.•Programmed cell death plays an important role in molecular interactions between stroke and major depression.•Mlkl and Nlrp3 are the hub genes involved in the comorbidity mechanism of stroke and major depression.•Necroptosis and pyroptosis of endothelial cells and microglia are common pathological changes of stroke and major depression.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Depressive symptom dynamics, including change trajectories and symptom variability, have been related to therapy outcomes. However, such dynamics have often been examined separately and related to ...outcomes of interest using two-step analyses, which are characterized by several limitations. Here, we show how to overcome these limitations using location-scale models in a dynamic structural equation modeling framework.
We introduce location-scale modeling in an accessible manner to pave the way for its use in research integrating within-person dynamics and intervention-related change in psychopathology, and we illustrate this modeling approach in a large-scale internet-based intervention for depression (
= 1,656). Using eight data points sampled across about 8 weeks, we predicted improvement across the intervention (50% symptom reduction) as a function of early change and symptom variability.
Early symptom change was associated with a more likely improvement across therapy. Variability of symptoms beyond change trajectories during the intervention was associated with less likely improvement.
Location-scale models, and dynamic structural equation modeling more generally, are well suited to modeling how patterns of symptom change during psychotherapy are related to important (e.g., therapy) outcomes. Our illustrative application of location-scale modeling showed that symptom variability was associated with less overall improvement in depressive symptoms. However, this finding requires replication with more intensive sampling of symptoms before final conclusions can be drawn on when and how to distinguish maladaptive from adaptive variability during psychotherapy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression have been reported to be associated with some cancers. However, the magnitude of the causal relationship between them remains unclear. This study ...aims to explore the potential association between three major mental diseases and the risk of some cancers.
We performed the two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR) analysis using publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) statistics to investigate the causal relationship between these three mental diseases and some common types of cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, malignant melanoma and glioma. We obtained genetic association estimates for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium.The genetic association estimates for cancers were obtained from the UK Biobank, the MRC-IEU consortium and the GliomaScan consortium.
After correction for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, we detected suggestive evidence for the association between thyroid cancer and genetically predicted schizophrenia (OR = 1.543, 95% CI: 1.023–2.328, P = 0.039), and thyroid cancer and major depression (OR = 3.573, 95% CI: 1.068–11.953, P = 0.039). No evidence of causal effects of schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder on other types of cancers.
Our findings suggest the association of schizophrenia and major depression and the development of thyroid cancer.
•Mental illness is closely related to various types of cancer.•Mendelian randomization is a novel and persuasive causal reasoning method.•Association between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression and cancer•Genetic link between schizophrenia, major depression and thyroid cancer
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Although the early antidepressant trials which included severely ill and hospitalized patients showed substantial drug‐placebo differences, these robust differences have not held up in the trials of ...the past couple of decades, whether sponsored by pharmaceutical companies or non‐profit agencies. This narrowing of the drug‐placebo difference has been attributed to a number of changes in the conduct of clinical trials. First, the advent of DSM‐III and the broadening of the definition of major depression have led to the inclusion of mildly to moderately ill patients into antidepressant trials. These patients may experience a smaller magnitude of antidepressant‐placebo differences. Second, drug development regulators, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency, have had a significant, albeit underappreciated, role in determining how modern antidepressant clinical trials are designed and conducted. Their concerns about possible false positive results have led to trial designs that are poor, difficult to conduct, and complicated to analyze. Attempts at better design and patient selection for antidepressant trials have not yielded the expected results. As of now, antidepressant clinical trials have an effect size of 0.30, which, although similar to the effects of treatments for many other chronic illnesses, such as hypertension, asthma and diabetes, is less than impressive.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of stress management interventions in reducing stress, depression, and anxiety among college students. Two separate meta-analyses ...of randomized controlled trials were conducted using the random-effects model, for students with high-stress levels (n = 8) and for the unselected college student population (n = 46). Overall, main results showed moderate intervention effects for stress, depression, and anxiety in both groups. Subgroup analyses yielded significant differences related to the theoretical background, the type of control condition, and the length of the intervention in trials targeting students with high-stress levels. However, these subgroup differences, except for the theoretical background, were not observed in trials including unselected samples. Our results suggest that stress management interventions may be effective in reducing distress among college students.
Public Health Significance StatementSymptoms of stress are common among college students. Stress management programs are provided to help students in reducing stress. The present study showed that stress management programs have the potential to decrease stress and prevent mental health problems in higher education.
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BFBNIB, CEKLJ, FFLJ, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PEFLJ, SBCE, SBMB, UPUK
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the leading causes of disease burden and disability worldwide. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) seems to have an important role in the molecular ...mechanisms underlying MDD aetiology, given its implication in regulating neuronal plasticity. There is evidence that physical activity (PA) improves depressive symptoms, with a key role of BDNF in this effect. We aim to perform a systematic review examining the relationship between the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and the BDNF protein, PA and MDD.
Both observational and experimental design original articles or systematic reviews were selected, according to the PRISMA statement.
Six studies evaluated the Val66Met polymorphism, suggesting a greater impact of physical activity on depression depending on the Val66Met genotype. More discordant findings were observed among the 13 studies assessing BDNF levels with acute or chronic exercise interventions, mainly due to the high heterogeneity found among intervention designs, limited sample size, and potential bias.
Overall, there is cumulative evidence supporting the potential role of BDNF in the interaction between PA and MDD. However, this review highlights the need for further research with more homogeneous and standardised criteria, and pinpoints important confounding factors that must be considered in future studies to provide robust conclusions.
•BDNF is involved in the interaction between physical activity and depression.•Several studies support the role of BDNF Val66Met genotype in this interaction.•Discordant results among those studies analysing BDNF protein levels were found.•Deeper characterization of PA interventions would provide more comparable findings.•Key confounding factors (e.g., use of antidepressants, sex and age) were identified.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) remains poorly understood. Our previous studies suggest a role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in depression. ...2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a toxic environmental contaminant, with a high AhR binding affinity, and an established benchmark for assessing AhR activity. Therefore, this study examined the effect of TCDD on depression-like behaviors. Female mice were fed standard chow or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 11 weeks, and their weight was recorded. Subsequently, they were tested for baseline sucrose preference and splash test grooming. Then, TCDD (0.1 µg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered orally for 28 days, and mice were examined for their sucrose preference and performances in the splash test, forced swim test (FST), and Morris water maze (MWM) task. TCDD significantly decreased sucrose preference, increased FST immobility time, and decreased groom time in chow-fed mice. HFD itself significantly reduced sucrose preference. However, TCDD significantly increased FST immobility time and decreased groom time in HFD-fed mice. A small decrease in bodyweight was observed only at the fourth week of daily TCDD administration in chow-fed mice, and no significant effects of TCDD on bodyweights were observed in HFD-fed mice. TCDD did not have a significant effect on spatial learning in the MWM. Thus, this study demonstrated that TCDD induces a depression-like state, and the effects were not due to gross lethal toxicity. This study further suggests that more studies should examine a possible role for AhR and AhR-active environmental pollutants in precipitating or worsening MDD.
•TCDD induces a depression-like state in a rodent model.•The depression-like state induced by TCDD was not ameliorated by a rich diet.•TCDD's effects on mood were not attributed to gross lethal toxicity.•This study further suggests the role of AhR in mood regulation.•AhR-active environmental pollutants might be involved in causing or exacerbating MDD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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