FROM ORBIT TO OCEAN Poling, Gregory B.
Naval War College review,
01/2021, Volume:
74, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Improving maritime domain awareness (MDA) in Southeast Asia is critical not only for regional states but for the national-security interests of the United States. MDA in the coming decades will be ...dominated by cheaper, more-efficient remote-sensing tools, and the United States and other outside parties should shift toward introducing partners to the booming private-sector offerings in remote sensing.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The security of Japan’s maritime borders is a top priority for the country’s government. The roles of the Japan Coast Guard and the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force are paramount in these ...security operations as Japan navigates an international landscape in the East China Sea complicated by an emboldened China.
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In the global political and economic agenda cycle of the 21st century, interest in the seas has spread rapidly. The security of maritime areas, which are central in issues such as transportation, ...global trade, natural resource reserves, and transfer, has also become a part of national and international security strategies, especially since the beginning of the 2000s. However, different perspectives on the concept of “maritime security” lead to the lack of a single definition of the concept. Therefore, the factors threatening the security in question should be mentioned differently. The absence of widely agreed upon maritime security threats both complicates global cooperation on maritime security and weakens the fight against these threats. Identifying the most serious and common threats to maritime security is essential for joint action in the fight against them. This study aims to carry out a comprehensive analysis in defining the concept of maritime security and to identify the most serious threats to maritime security in the 21st century. For this purpose, 21st-century maritime security threats have been determined within the scope of academic studies, strategy papers, military documents, and reports published by states and international organizations. Then, the severity levels of these threats were determined through the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) Method. As a result of the study, the three most important factors threatening maritime security in the 21st century are determined as climate change (with a significance level of 0.3169), marine pollution and environmental problems (with a significance level of 0.2104), and sea boundary disputes between states (with a severity level of 0.1783)
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Fisheries-Related Crimes (FRC) pose a significant threat to any country’s national security, with illicit activities often concealed within the expansive and seemingly innocuous domain of fishing ...vessels. This paper explores the need to strengthen port inspection protocols to counteract illegal activities utilizing fishing vessels as conduits. The fishing vessel Inspection Criteria (ICs) were developed based on port inspection features and relevant literature. The Best-Worse Method (BWM) is then used to weigh those ICs, creating a new inspection checklist. Finally, based on the checklist, an improved inspection procedure is proposed. The results may provide government authorities and policymakers with practical information on effectively and efficiently conducting port security inspections on fishing vessels and preventing FRCs.
•The paper aims to construct an efficient inspection procedure for port security.•The paper proposes two checklists for fishing vessel inspection based on the experience of the Taiwan CGA.•Based on the two checklists, the paper proposes a two-stage inspection procedure for port security inspectors.•The proposed inspection procedure can improve the efficiency of port security inspections.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Indonesia is a country with enormous water areas with maritime security threats that require high security in their territorial waters including by using submarines, but the number of fleets is not ...optimal yet because Indonesia is required to have 12 submarines to protect their waters from threats of law violations. Indonesia took steps to build a strong defense posture by procuring submarines technology transfer cooperation with South Korea, this decision was made by Indonesia because of their limited knowledge and ability to design and produce submarines. This study is about a policy review of the effectiveness of the submarine technology transfer roadmap between PT PAL Indonesia and DSME Korea. This study aims to analyze the policy effectiveness of submarine technology transfer policies within the framework of Indonesia's maritime defense and security. Data obtained from interviews and literature were then analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. The research's results show first the batch submarine technology transfer policy had been implemented ineffective in supporting Indonesia's ability to produce its submarines, and there was a gap between the target to be achieved and the technology transfer knowledge that had been obtained, the effectiveness of technology transfer could be increased by improvements in the next cooperation contract to maximize the quality of the submarine. This research concludes that the knowledge of the submarine transfer of technology in the firstbatch is ineffective in supporting the ability to produce submarines, it is necessary to continue technology transfer to the second batch to support Indonesia's target in the ability to build its submarines with still consider the evaluation of the 1st batch to improvements in the next batch of transfer technology and also engage the educational institution, Indonesia Defense University as a knowledge base thus facilitate better output in future technology transfer cooperation.
In view of the fast-changing world order, emerging countries are increasingly influencing the dynamics of regional securities. This timely and in-depth book examines India’s reorienting strategic ...posture and describes how New Delhi’s security policy in the Indo-Pacific region has evolved and expanded over the past two decades. The author argues that India’s quest to leverage its geostrategic location to emerge as an Indo-Pacific actor faces multiple challenges, which create a clear divide between the country’s political rhetoric and action on the ground. The author critically examines these contradictions to better situate India's security role in an increasingly fluid Indo-Pacific region.
Angesichts der sich verändernden Weltordnung nehmen Schwellenländer zunehmend Einfluss auf die gegenwärtige Dynamik regionaler Sicherheiten. Die Autorin beschreibt, wie sich die sicherheitspolitische Rolle Indiens im indo-pazifischen Raum in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten weiterentwickelt und ausgeweitet hat. Es zeigt sich, dass zwischen der politischen Rhetorik Neu-Delhis und dem politischen Handeln vor Ort eine deutliche Kluft besteht. Die Gründe für diese Ineffektivität werden in dem Buch weiter untersucht.
Maritime piracy and robbery can not only cause logistics chain disruption leading to economic consequences but also result in loss of lives, and short- and long-term health problems of seafarers and ...passengers. There is a justified need for further investigation in this area of paramount importance. This study analyses maritime piracy and robbery related incidents in terms of the major influencing factors such as ship characteristics and geographical locations. An analytical model incorporating Bayesian reasoning is proposed to estimate the likelihood of a ship being hijacked in the Western Indian or Eastern African region. The proposed model takes into account the characteristics of the ship, environment conditions and the maritime security measures in place in an integrated manner. Available data collected from the Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS) together with expert judgement is used to develop and demonstrate the proposed model. This model can be used by maritime stakeholders to make cost-effective anti-piracy decisions in their operations under uncertainties. Discussions are given on industrial response to maritime piracy in order to minimize the risk to ships exposed to attacks from pirates. Further recommendations on how maritime security and piracy may be best addressed in terms of maritime security measures are outlined.
•Analysis of maritime piracy and robbery related incidents in terms of the major influencing factors such as ship characteristics.•Development of an analytical model for estimating the likelihood of a ship being hijacked in the Western Indian or Eastern African region.•Demonstration of the proposed model using data collected from the Global Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS) together with expert judgement.•Development of an analytical model for maritime piracy and robbery assessment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
This article discusses the geopolitical dimension of maritime security, which has been neglected by scholars despite the growing number of studies devoted to a variety of aspects related to maritime ...security. The first step consists in clarifying the definitions of the two concepts; ‘geopolitics’ and ‘maritime security’. Then the article introduces the geopolitical dimension of maritime security from a conceptual perspective, and then analyses three practical examples of maritime security geo-strategies released in 2014. The results demonstrate that states’ and international institutions’ maritime security objectives and interests are indirectly and directly influenced by geographical and geopolitical considerations, although this link is only tacitly acknowledged in official documents. Scholars and practitioners interested in maritime security are encouraged to further engage with this dimension.
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Concern over illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing has led to a number of policy, trade and surveillance measures. While much attention has been given to the impact of IUU regulation on ...industrial fleets, recognition of the distinct impacts on small‐scale fisheries is conspicuously lacking from the policy and research debate. In this paper, we outline three ways in which the application of IUU discourse and regulation undermines small‐scale fisheries. First, the mainstream construction of “illegal,” “unreported” and “unregulated” fishing, and also the categorical use of “IUU” in an all‐inclusive sense, disregards the diversity, legitimacy and sustainability of small‐scale fisheries practices and their governing systems. Second, we explore how the recent trade‐related measures to counter IUU fishing mask and reinforce existing inequalities between different sectors and countries, creating an unfair burden on small‐scale fisheries and countries who depend on them. Third, as IUU fishing is increasingly approached as “organized crime,” there is a risk of inappropriately targeting small‐scale fisheries, at times violently. Reflecting on these three trends, we propose three strategies by which a more sensitive and ultimately more equitable incorporation of small‐scale fisheries can be supported in the global fight against IUU fishing.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Selat Melaka (SM) merupakan antara laluan maritim yang tersibuk di dunia kerana kepentingannya terhadap laluan perdagangan komersil antarabangsa. Walaubagaimarpun, Selat Melaka mempunyai masalah ...keselamatan dari segi ancaman jenayah rentas sempadan serta aktiviti pelanunan. Kajian ini akan menerangkan keutamaan serta cabaran negara Malaysia dan Indonesia dalam meningkatkan tahap keselamatan SM bagi tahim 2016-2020. Kc,jian ini mempunyai tiga oljektf iaitu: pērtama, untuk mengenalpasti jenis-jenis ancaman yang wtjud di SM, kedua, untuk menganalisis keutamaan serta cabaran keijasama maritim di antara kerejaan Malaysia dan Indonesia di kawasan SM dan ketiga, untuk menyarankan potensi bagi mewi,judkan keijasama maritim yang bahanı di antara negara MalaysiaIndonesia di SM. Kcjian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatfberdasarkan kepada sumber utama dan sumber sekunder Sumber utama didapati dari kaedah temubual berstruktur melibatkan responden yang mempunyai kepakaran dan pengalaman dalam keselamatan maritim di kawasan SM. Manakala, sumber sekunder diperolehi daripada sumber njukan ilmiah seperd buku, tesis akademik, artikel jurnal dan sumber ri jukan daripada internet. Hasil dapatan kcjian akan menerangkan secara khusus bentuk-bentuk keijasama maritim di antara negara Malaysia dan Indonesia serta langkah-langkah yang diperlukan bagi menangani masalah keselamatan yang berlaku di dalam kawasan perairan SM pada masa hadapan.
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