The article provides a comprehensive assessment of the current state of competition in the wholesale electricity market in Russia, analyzes various aspects of the wholesale market: the presence of ...entry and exit barriers, the level of government influence on the market, the degree of consumer participation. Each aspect is explored using a series of indicators. Proposals have been formulated to overcome barriers to the development of competitive relations in the wholesale electricity market.
As National brands are dominated by PLB’s it is significant to know what determines consumers to buy them especially in FMCG and Grocery. It is essential to find out what makes consumers satisfy to ...buy PLB’s or do they expect anything more is to be explored the study examines the important factors that encourage Indian consumers to purchase Private Label Brands (PLB’s). Consumer purchasing behaviour is driven by a variety of determinant factors, and the purpose of this study is to identify the primary determinants that influence consumer purchasing decisions while purchasing FMCG and Grocery PLB’s. As most of the research is not done in identifying consumers determinants to buy PLB’s this study helps us to bridge the gap in understanding the determinants of consumers buying patterns towards PLB’s of FMCG and Grocery. The study's findings reveal that Price, Quality, Risk, Store Image, Familiarity, Attitude and consumer Self-Perception are crucial psychological features, with income and age having a substantial impact on their purchase. Based on the findings, PLB merchants were advised to create an effective market entry plan in the Indian organised Retail
Purpose
Brand value is increasingly threatened by fake news stories; the purpose of this paper is to explain how narrative response can be used to mitigate this threat, especially in situations where ...the crisis is severe and consumers are highly involved.
Design/methods
This conceptual paper derives recommendations and guidance for the use of narrative response based on storytelling and brand management literature.
Findings
This paper highlights authenticity and emotional engagement as keys to effective storytelling.
Practical implications
Current managerial approaches to dealing with misinformation are insufficient, as they presuppose an audience that can be convinced based on facts; this paper can be used to help brand managers respond to fake news stories when rational appeals fail.
Originality/value
This paper provides insight into brand management strategies in the era of fake news.
Recent studies have found that race, work history, postprison employment, and recidivism are intertwined, suggesting that race and work history may shape the employment–recidivism relationship in ...nuanced, yet underexplored ways. Additionally, the literature has yet to settle on what kinds of employment patterns matter most for recidivism. These issues are especially important to resolve given contemporary concerns about mass incarceration and racial disparities among citizens returning from prison. To investigate these questions, we analyze administrative prison records, unemployment insurance (UI) quarterly data, and a recidivism follow‐up documenting multiple failures for approximately eight years. Frailty models, which address unobserved heterogeneity among those prone to multiple recidivism events, reveal that establishing a recent work history unlocks the protective effect of employment, and that the relationship between postprison employment and recidivism does not vary by race. We also find that being sporadically employed is as protective as being more consistently employed. Our findings imply that employment contributes to racial disparities in recidivism via racialized barriers to labor market participation rather than via differential effects. Our results further suggest that addressing barriers to employment, especially for those with no work history and those facing racialized barriers to labor market entry, could significantly reduce recidivism.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We argue that firms in regulated industries react to macroeconomic and policy risks in sharply different ways. While they seek to avoid countries with high levels of macroeconomic uncertainty, we ...predict that they find it more attractive to expand into countries characterized by governments with discretionary policymaking capacities so as to be able to negotiate favorable conditions of entry. We also argue that firms are heterogeneous in their attitudes toward risk. We predict that firms in which the state holds a partial equity stake exhibit a more tolerant attitude. We also expect that as firms accumulate foreign experience, they develop an aversion toward further foreign entries into politically unstable markets. Support for these predictions is provided by an analysis of the Latin American market entries of all listed Spanish firms in regulated industries between 1987 and 2000.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
New Way to Measure Competition Boone, Jan
The Economic journal (London),
August 2008, Volume:
118, Issue:
531
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This article introduces a new way to measure competition based on firms' profits. Within a general model, we derive conditions under which this measure is monotone in competition, where competition ...can be intensified both through a fall in entry barriers and through more aggressive interaction between players. The measure is shown to be more robust theoretically than the price cost margin. This allows for an empirical test of the problems associated with the price cost margin as a measure of competition.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Competitive cooperation has emerged in response to the challenges facing organizations entering today's turbulent markets. This type of cooperation carries many risks, so it needs to examine from ...different dimensions. The purpose of this study is to identify the drivers and factors that cause stubborn competitors to enter the market to cooperate with each other. For this purpose, Iran's Information and Communication Technology Industry studied and using the Multi-grounded Theory Strategy to analyze the data obtained from the systematic survey of the literature review in the last 15 years and interviewed 16 experts. This industry has been addressed, which were selected unofficially and purposefully using the snowball method. Finally, the developed model, which is the stimulus for competitive cooperation to enter the Iranian information and communication technology market, divided into four groups: "perceptual benefits from competitive cooperation", "macro stimuli", "industry characteristics" and "competence". Organizational concepts developed.
Using a comprehensive database of European firms, we study the effect of market entry regulations on the creation of new limited-liability firms, the average size of entrants, and the growth of ...incumbent firms. We find that costly regulations hamper the creation of new firms, especially in industries that should naturally have high entry. These regulations also force new entrants to be larger and cause incumbent firms in naturally high-entry industries to grow more slowly. Our results hold even when we correct for the availability of financing, the degree of protection of intellectual property, and labor regulations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Because of a lack of competition in some generic drug markets, experts have proposed a new priority review voucher program to incentivize competition in small molecule generics products that ...currently have few competitors. Notably, small molecule generic drugs have historically provided significant cost savings for patients and the wider health care system. The authors proposed that these key markets be defined based on drug class rather than medical indication and that inclusion satisfy both of the following criteria: * A market of critical importance to the health care system or to national security * A market that does not yet have a generic drug alternative to name-brand drugs or has a Herfindahl-Hirschman Index greater than 2500, which is the threshold used by the US Department of Justice to indicate a highly concentrated market Upon approval by the FDA, the applicant manufacturer would be required to create and commit to a comprehensive plan for producing, marketing, and selling the new generic drug for at least 3 years.
Foreign market entry for the firm is often a more complex process than suggested by theoretical models, which can often benefit from re-contextualising and extension in order to retain their ...explanatory power. In this article, case study research shows how an international business incubator in China, operated by a British export promotion organisation is able to facilitate the foreign market entry of firms. The findings provide an opportunity to highlight a hitherto under-researched method of foreign market entry, explore the synergies between the foreign market entry and business incubation literature and also to extend theory by integrating the role of the business incubator as a method of foreign market entry into existing models and frameworks.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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