In this work, the performance of a vertical multiplate photobioreactor is analyzed and presented. The photobioreactor consisted of 20 vertical plates (1 m2 each) connected by manifolds and a working ...volume of 1300 L. The total area occupied (footprint) was 10 m2, while the illuminated area was 40 m2, therefore the ratio of illuminated area to volume ratio was about 30 m−1. The performance of the photobioreactor was evaluated using a culture of Synechocystis PCC 6803, circulated by a centrifuge pump. The results showed that the amount of light captured by the photobioreactor at a plate spacing of 0.5 m was 90.2 % of the light incident on the horizontal surface, while at a plate spacing of 1.0 m, 50.3 % was captured. The corresponding biomass yield, calculated based on the ground area occupied by the reactor, was 26.0 g m−2 day−1 and 7.2 g m−2 day−1, when the plates were spaced at 0.5 m and 1.0 m respectively. Therefore, the light conversion efficiency calculated based on the ground area was significantly higher in the configuration with a plate spacing of 0.5 m, reaching 5.43 % based on PAR (photosynthetically active radiation), and 2.44 % based on solar radiation, giving a value 3.7 higher than when the plates were spaced 1.0 m apart. It was concluded that the light conversion efficiency might be further improved by reducing the plate spacing while also reducing the culture light path.
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•A novel vertical PBR design for efficient production of microalgae is proposed.•The light conversion efficiency was higher when the plates were spaced 0.5 m apart.•The photobioreactor was successfully tested outdoors with a Synechocystis culture.•The photobioreactor can be easily converted for outdoor photobiological H2 production.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
El presente artículo analiza la naturaleza del icono/ídolo contemporáneo en relación/ contraste con el icono tradicional. A partir del estudio comparativo entre ambos modelos encontramos aspectos que ...posibilitan ahondar en la condición de la imagen y del sujeto en la contemporaneidad. La superposición en la época presente del sujeto creador y del objeto creado permite atender el modo en que realidad e idealidad quedan solapadas hasta el punto de anularse la significación tradicional de la una y de la otra.
In the run-up to the recent financial crisis, an increasingly elaborate set of financial instruments emerged, intended to optimize returns to individual institutions with seemingly minimal risk. ...Essentially no attention was given to their possible effects on the stability of the system as a whole. Drawing analogies with the dynamics of ecological food webs and with networks within which infectious diseases spread, we explore the interplay between complexity and stability in deliberately simplified models of financial networks. We suggest some policy lessons that can be drawn from such models, with the explicit aim of minimizing systemic risk.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article presents a new model of culture in action. Although most sociologists who study culture emphasize its role in post hoc sense making, sociologists of religion and social psychologists ...tend to focus on the role beliefs play in motivation. The dual-process model integrates justificatory and motivational approaches by distinguishing between "discursive" and "practical" modes of culture and cognition. The author uses panel data from the National Study of Youth and Religion to illustrate the model's usefulness. Consistent with its predictions, he finds that though respondents cannot articulate clear principles of moral judgment, their choice from a list of moral-cultural scripts strongly predicts later behavior.
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BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Disaster governance is an emerging concept in the disaster research literature that is closely related to risk governance and environmental governance. Disaster governance arrangements and challenges ...are shaped by forces such as globalization, world-system dynamics, social inequality, and sociodemographic trends. Governance regimes are polycentric and multiscale, show variation across the hazards cycle, and tend to lack integration and to be formulated in response to particular large-scale disaster events. Disaster governance is nested within and influenced by overarching societal governance systems. Although governance failures can occur in societies with stable governance systems, as the governmental response to Hurricane Katrina shows, poorly governed societies and weak states are almost certain to exhibit deficiencies in disaster governance. State-civil society relationships, economic organization, and societal transitions have implications for disaster governance. Various measures can be employed to assess disaster governance; more research is needed in this nascent field of study on factors that contribute to effective governance and on other topics, such as the extent to which governance approaches contribute to long-term sustainability.
In 1979 Oriana Fallaci published Un uomo, an autobiographical novel in which she tells her love story with Alexandros Panagulis, hero of the resistance to the regime of the Greek colonels. The book ...has a resounding and lasting success with the public, thanks to the narrative, stylistic and ideological peculiarities widely illustrated by Vittorio Spinazzola, Giovanna Rosa and Bruno Pischedda. Beyond its literary prerogatives, the success of the work is also linked to the author’s ability to grasp a series of suggestions already floating on the various levels of the Italian collective imagination since the end of the Sixties, and to express them with formidable effectiveness. In addition to literature, in fact, music, cinema and TV had also drawn on and spread different material from the ambiguous fascination exercised by the Greek colonels on Italian public opinion.
The present article highlights the rationale, potential and flexibility of tumor spheroid mono- and cocultures for implementation into state of the art anti-cancer therapy test platforms. Unlike ...classical monolayer-based models, spheroids strikingly mirror the 3D cellular context and therapeutically relevant pathophysiological gradients of in vivo tumors. Some concepts for standardization and automation of spheroid culturing, monitoring and analysis are discussed, and the challenges to define the most convenient analytical endpoints for therapy testing are outlined. The potential of spheroids to contribute to either the elimination of poor drug candidates at the pre-animal and pre-clinical state or the identification of promising drugs that would fail in classical 2D cell assays is emphasised. Microtechnologies, in the form of micropatterning and microfluidics, are also discussed and offer the exciting prospect of standardized spheroid mass production to tackle high-throughput screening applications within the context of traditional laboratory settings. The extension towards more sophisticated spheroid coculture models which more closely reflect heterologous tumor tissues composed of tumor and various stromal cell types is also covered. Examples are given with particular emphasis on tumor-immune cell cocultures and their usefulness for testing novel immunotherapeutic treatment strategies. Finally, tumor cell heterogeneity and the extraordinary possibilities of putative cancer stem/tumor-initiating cell populations that can be maintained and expanded in sphere-forming assays are introduced. The relevance of the cancer stem cell hypothesis for cancer cure is highlighted, with the respective sphere cultures being envisioned as an integral tool for next generation drug development offensives.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Imagined futures, once a vital topic of theoretical inquiry within the sociology of culture, have been sidelined in recent decades. Rational choice models cannot explain the seemingly irrational ...optimism of youth aspirations, pointing to the need to explore other alternatives. This article incorporates insights from pragmatist theory and cognitive sociology to examine the relationship between imagined futures and present actions and experiences in rural Malawi, where future optimism appears particularly unfounded. Drawing from in-depth interviews and archival sources documenting ideological campaigns promoting schooling, the author shows that four elements are understood to jointly produce educational success: ambitious career goals, sustained effort, unflagging optimism, and resistance to temptation. Aspirations should be interpreted not as rational calculations, but instead as assertions of a virtuous identity, claims to be "one who aspires."
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In addition to its more well known literary and artistic origins,
the French surrealist movement drew inspiration from currents of
psychological anxiety and rebellion running through a shadowy side
...of mass culture, specifically in fantastic popular fiction and
sensationalistic journalism. The provocative nature of this
insolent mass culture resonated with the intellectual and political
preoccupations of the surrealists, as Robin Walz demonstrates in
this fascinating study. Pulp Surrealism weaves an
interpretative history of the intersection between mass print
culture and surrealism, re-evaluating both our understanding of
mass culture in early twentieth-century Paris and the revolutionary
aims of the surrealist movement. Pulp Surrealism presents
four case studies, each exploring the out-of the-way and
impertinent elements which inspired the surrealists. Walz discusses
Louis Aragon's Le paysan de Paris, one of the great
surrealist novels of Paris. He goes on to consider the popular
series of Fantômes crime novels; the Parisan press coverage of the
arrest, trial, and execution of mass-murderer Landru; and the
surrealist inquiry "Is Suicide a Solution?", which Walz juxtaposes
with reprints of actual suicide faits divers
(sensationalist newspaper blurbs). Although surrealist interest in
sensationalist popular culture eventually waned, this exploration
of mass print culture as one of the cultural milieux from which
surrealism emerged ultimately calls into question assumptions about
the avant-garde origins of modernism itself.
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