This article aims to explore the phenomenon of “classical crossover,” a contemporary music trend that blends “high” and “low” elements. In addition to analyzing the genre’s main features and cultural ...preconditions for its emergence, the article will examine its historical origins and development. The second part of the article focuses on examples of classical crossover in Russian and Ukrainian music, with an analysis of several artists who have ventured into this new type of production, including the Terem Quartet, Anna Netrebko, Olga Chubareva, and Arina Domski. By applying historical and cultural methodology, the article suggests that classical crossover has a broad audience in Russia and Ukraine, allowing musicians to introduce elite classical music to the masses. Although some may view the genre as a dilution of classical music’s distinctive qualities in order to cater to popular tastes, it also provides musicians with the opportunity to create original pieces that merge tradition with innovation. Considering all of the above, the author of this article aims to explore the cultural significance and impact of classical crossover in the music industry.
Using a quasi-experimental research design, this study examines the effect of terrorist events on the perception of immigrants across 65 regions in nine European countries. It first elaborates a ...theoretical argument that explains the effect of events and points to economic conditions, the size of the immigrant population, and personal contact as mediating factors. This argument is evaluated using the fact that the terror attack in Bali on October 12, 2002, occurred during the fieldwork period of the European Social Survey. The findings from this natural experiment reveal considerable cross-national and regional variation in the effect of the event and its temporal duration. The analysis on the regional level supports the argument about contextual variations in the response to the event and a second analysis based on the 2004 Madrid bombing confirms the study's conclusions. Implications of the findings for societal responses to terror attacks, the literature on attitudes toward immigrants, and survey research are discussed. Adapted from the source document.
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Thirty microalgal strains were screened in the laboratory for their biomass productivity and lipid content. Four strains (two marine and two freshwater), selected because robust, highly productive ...and with a relatively high lipid content, were cultivated under nitrogen deprivation in 0.6-L bubbled tubes. Only the two marine microalgae accumulated lipid under such conditions. One of them, the eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis sp. F&M-M24, which attained 60% lipid content after nitrogen starvation, was grown in a 20-L Flat Alveolar Panel photobioreactor to study the influence of irradiance and nutrient (nitrogen or phosphorus) deprivation on fatty acid accumulation. Fatty acid content increased with high irradiances (up to 32.5% of dry biomass) and following both nitrogen and phosphorus deprivation (up to about 50%). To evaluate its lipid production potential under natural sunlight, the strain was grown outdoors in 110-L Green Wall Panel photobioreactors under nutrient sufficient and deficient conditions. Lipid productivity increased from 117 mg/L/day in nutrient sufficient media (with an average biomass productivity of 0.36 g/L/day and 32% lipid content) to 204 mg/L/day (with an average biomass productivity of 0.30 g/L/day and more than 60% final lipid content) in nitrogen deprived media. In a two-phase cultivation process (a nutrient sufficient phase to produce the inoculum followed by a nitrogen deprived phase to boost lipid synthesis) the oil production potential could be projected to be more than 90 kg per hectare per day. This is the first report of an increase of both lipid content and areal lipid productivity attained through nutrient deprivation in an outdoor algal culture. The experiments showed that this marine eustigmatophyte has the potential for an annual production of 20 tons of lipid per hectare in the Mediterranean climate and of more than 30 tons of lipid per hectare in sunny tropical areas. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 100-112.
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•Microalgal biofuel studies between 1900 and mid-2015 were analyzed informatically.•Burst interest since 2006–2012 stimulated mass culture and biotechnology studies.•Unremitting study and investment ...is expected for better understanding of microalgae.•Integrated application of energy microalgae could be a possible solution.•Recent advances of approaches to bypass the production bottleneck were reviewed.
Microalgae have reported to be one of the most promising feedstock for biofuel production. To obtain a comprehensive and systematic overview of the current state of microalgal research, particularly microalgal biofuel research, we retrieved and analyzed manuscripts and patents related to this topic and published between 1900 and mid-2015. We found that there was a burst in microalgal biofuel research from 2006 to 2011 that significantly stimulated the development of microalgal biotechnology for the production of high value-added commodities and for environmental applications and microalgal mass culturing, in an attempt to make the entire process of biofuel production economically viable for industrialization. However, a lag in basic microalgal research has kept production costs high, resulting in a decline in investments, funding, and research efforts in the fields of microalgal biofuel production, microalgal biotechnology, and mass culturing since 2012. Based on a review of the challenges/problems of microalgae biofuel production and recent advances of their solution, the perspective view of the future R&D needs and trends were proposed. To bypass the price bottleneck of microalgae-based biofuel production, it has been proposed that energy-producing microalgal biotechnological applications be synergistically combined with microalgal biofuel production. Future investments and funding will most likely be directed toward basic studies that aim to elucidate the microorganisms’ characteristics and toward the development of microalgal biotechnology and its environmental applications, which have potential economic and social benefits. This review represents a theoretical reference for both algal researchers and decision makers regarding the future directions of microalgal research, particularly that involving microalgal-based biofuel production.
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Cultured meat is a scientific product that can solve problems that future protein foods will confront (food security, solving environmental, diseases, etc.). Although much research has been conducted ...to solve these problems, challenges remain to be solved, such as cultured meat composition and scale-up. This paper reviews the current research on scaffolds, one solution to mass culturing, and discusses future directions. Scaffolds can solve problems (being slow and small in volume) of proliferation and the differentiation of cells that can occur in a single layer and have the advantage of being able to produce many cells at once. Many scaffold types, such as hydrogel, fiber scaffolds, and micro-carriers, have been created, and manufacturing methods have also been developed to allow cells to better attach and grow on these. Scaffolds are manufactured using methods such as three-dimensional printing, electrospinning and spraying, molding, and decellularization by mixing various materials. Collagen extracted from animal skin or tendons is most used, but vegetable proteins such as soybean, alginate, wheat, and corn, as well as edible microorganisms such as mold, are also used to manufacture scaffolds. For consumption, the manufacture of cultured meat should not only focus on awareness and mass production but should also complement the sensory characteristics of meat, such as texture and flavor. Therefore, the production of scaffolds should include components similar to those of meat, and more research will be needed to develop cultured meat with a scaffold similar to that of meat.
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•The need for 3D agricultural cell culture and various type scaffold.•Classification according to scaffold production methods in many ways.•Natural materials for 3D scaffold used in agricultural cell culture.•Development of cultured meat with texture and flavor similar to edible meat.•The need to develop scaffolds for industrialized massed cultured meat.
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Building on recent research emphasizing how legitimacy depends on consensus among audiences about candidates' characteristics and activities, we examine the relationship between cultural producers' ...(candidates) position in the social structure and the consecration of their creative work by relevant audiences. We argue that the outcome of this process of evaluation in any cultural field, whether in art or science, is a function of (1) candidates' embeddedness within the field, and (2) the type of audience—that is, peers versus critics—evaluating candidates' work. Specifically, we hypothesize that peers are more likely to favor candidates who are highly embedded in the field, whereas critics will not show such favoritism. We find support for these hypotheses in the context of the Hollywood motion picture industry.
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This article explores the issues of harassment in the university environment. The concept of sextortion in education would be taken as a basis. This problem is now being actively studied by ...scientists from all over the world, which indicates its importance and attempts to scientifically substantiate ways to prevent and fight this phenomenon. The study also focuses on aspects of the cultural manifestation of this illegal phenomenon in education, namely cinema and the media. The most important factor that declares the importance of a particular phenomenon in society is its reflection in popular culture and its discourse. The problem of sextortion in education is undoubtedly such. It should be clarified that this applies mainly to the countries of the Western world, but in Ukraine this problem is also very relevant in the educational environment of universities. The article provides specific examples of inappropriate sexual behavior in educational institutions and analyzes the problem from various sides and subjects of involvement. In addition, the very concept of sextortion and its genesis are analyzed. The study cites the factors that most often lead to the manifestation of sextortion in education. In addition to all of the above, the consequences of this phenomenon on the part of the victim are analyzed, where the key consequence of sexual claims is the impact on the emotional state of a person: victim becomes more vulnerable and feels insecure, being in eternal fear. Is it normal when a future specialist, mastering his profession, cannot feel calm? The authors also offer recommendations for countering and preventing this phenomenon in the university environment with an emphasis on preventive measures, but with the observance of procedures to avoid slander and denunciations of objectionable participants in the educational process.
The individual in the postmodern society increasingly takes an active and productive attitude towards the products of mass culture and gradually builds a critical attitude towards the contents of the ...mass media, which are often unjustifiably attributed with the absolute power of manipulative effect. However, mass culture, with its tendency towards individualization and the "average", significantly limits the possibilities of an individual to experience the promised happiness in the context of a hyper-consumer society. The tragedy of the hyper consumer's happiness lies in his individuality, because in the process of searching for happiness, the individual becomes more and more lonely and alienated. Complete happiness is necessarily connected to other people, which is why it is also fleeting, so that an individual cannot possess it independently.
Resumo O romance Tupinilândia, de Samir Machado de Machado, publicado em 2018, utiliza a cultura de massa para falar dela mesma e de como ela alicerça a memória coletiva e também as aspirações de uma ...sociedade em um contexto capitalista. O presente artigo mostra como Machado, ao construir uma narrativa paródica, como definido por Hutcheon (1988), com elementos da cultura de massa, sem recair em adesão nem em homenagem acrítica ou rechaço, consegue estabelecer um jogo que permite uma reflexão acerca da história do país, de questões contemporâneas como capitalismo e memória, pontos levantados com profundidade em um romance paródico da literatura de entretenimento. Para tanto, foram selecionados personagens e momentos históricos utilizados pelo autor, bem como referências a elementos de época, a fim de compreender o repertório factual no qual Tupinilândia se sustenta. Ainda, foram analisadas passagens que ecoam histórias clássicas de aventura e mobilizam o conhecimento geral desse tipo de narrativa. Observa-se que Tupinilândia tanto reflete tendências na literatura brasileira contemporânea apontadas por Schollhammer (2009) quanto cria um espaço particular, com sua reflexão sofisticada tanto acerca da realidade brasileira atual, questionando o papel da distopia como mero sarcasmo diante dos absurdos que nos cercam, quanto da maneira como a nossa sociedade lida com memória e nostalgia: uma fantasia seletiva na qual elementos relevantes são eliminados com descaso, e aqueles que são danosos estão sempre sujeitos a retornarem.
Resumen La novela Tupinilândia, de Samir Machado de Machado, publicada en 2018, utiliza la cultura de masas para hablar de sí misma y de cómo sustenta la memoria colectiva y también las aspiraciones de una sociedad en un contexto capitalista. Este artículo muestra cómo Machado, al construir una narrativa paródica, tal como la define Hutcheon (1988), con elementos de la cultura de masas, sin caer en la adhesión y el homenaje o el rechazo acríticos, logra establecer un juego que permite reflexionar sobre la historia del país, de temas contemporáneos como el capitalismo y la memoria, puntos planteados en profundidad en una novela paródica de la literatura de entretenimiento. Para eso, fueron apuntados personajes y eventos históricos mencionados por el autor, así como referencias a ese período de la Historia, con el fin de comprender el repertorio factual en el que se basa Tupinilândia. También destacamos pasajes que hacen eco de las historias de aventuras clásicas y movilizan el conocimiento general de este tipo de narrativa. Se observa que Tupinilândia refleja tendencias de la literatura brasileña contemporánea señaladas por Schollhammer (2009), en la medida en que crea un espacio particular, con su sofisticada reflexión tanto sobre la realidad brasileña actual, cuestionando el papel de la distopía como mero sarcasmo en la cara de los absurdos que nos rodean, y de la forma en que nuestra sociedad trata la memoria y la nostalgia: una fantasía selectiva en la que se descartan elementos que en realidad son relevantes, y los que son nocivos siempre corren el riesgo de volver.
Abstract The novel Tupinilândia, by Samir Machado de Machado, published in 2018, uses mass culture to talk about itself, and how it sustains the collective memory as well as the aspirations of a society in a capitalist context. This article showed how Machado, by building a parodic narrative, as defined by Hutcheon (1988), with elements of mass culture, without falling back into adherence and uncritical homage or rejection, manages to establish a game that allows a reflection on the country’s history, of contemporary issues such as capitalism and memory, points raised in depth in a parodic novel of entertainment literature. For that, historical characters and events mentioned by the author were selected, as well as cultural references to that period of History, in order to understand the factual repertoire on which Tupinilândia is based. Passages that echo classic adventure stories and mobilize the general knowledge of this type of narrative were also highlighted. It was observed that Tupinilândia both reflects trends in contemporary Brazilian literature pointed out by Schollhammer (2009), in how much it creates a particular space with his sophisticated reflection both about the current Brazilian reality, questioning the role of dystopia as mere sarcasm in the face of of the absurdities that surround us, and about the way in which our society deals with memory and nostalgia, a selective fantasy in which relevant elements are disregarded, and those that are harmful are always at risk to return.
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