Context: Software is an important part in safety-critical system (SCS) development since it is becoming a major source of hazards. Requirements-related hazards have been associated with many ...accidents and safety incidents. Requirements issues tend to be mitigated in companies with high processes maturity levels since they do their business in a systematic, consistent and proactive approach. However, requirements engineers need systematic guidance to consider safety concerns early in the development process. Goal: the paper investigates which safety practices are suitable to be used in the Requirements Engineering (RE) process for SCS and how to design a safety maturity model for this area. Method: we followed the design science methodology to propose Uni-REPM SCS, a safety module for Unified Requirements Engineering Process Maturity Model (Uni-REPM). We also conducted a static validation with two practitioners and nine academic experts to evaluate its coverage, correctness, usefulness, and applicability. Results: The module has seven main processes, fourteen sub-processes and 148 practices that form the basis of safety processes maturity. Moreover, we describe its usage through a tool. Conclusions: The validation indicates a good coverage of practices and well receptivity by the experts. Finally, the module can help companies in evaluating their current practices.
Conducting a maturity assessment allows companies to measure their readiness in implementing novel technologies. However, this task is challenging due to the multidimensional, complex, unpredictable, ...and non-linear nature of innovation. In this paper, we introduce an innovative approach to maturity assessment that enables both intra- and inter-company analysis. Our approach evaluates a company’s absolute maturity score concerning a specific technology or area. By leveraging a Natural Language Processing pipeline applied to a semi-structured questionnaire we extract popular concepts from the answers and present them to a human expert for analysis. The expert can refine the analysis by adding or removing concepts as needed. Subsequently, we compute a similarity metric for each answer to determine a company’s maturity in specific concepts. The output of our analysis is presented through human-readable plots, offering clear insights into the internal maturity level of the company and allowing for a comparison with competitors across the chosen concepts. To demonstrate the capabilities of our method, we provide a running example showcasing both quantitative and qualitative results of the analysis. Our approach demonstrates efficiency, with preprocessing completed in 1.967±0.758 s, and information extraction in 0.074±0.017 s on average, excluding human intervention time, and requiring low hardware resources.
•We propose a novel approach to assess the maturity level in Digital Era.•We propose an embedded representation to provide inter/intra visual representation.•We measure how mature is a company profile related to a set of topic/technologies.•We design an advanced NLP approach based on deep learning to analyze questionnaires.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Overview: The development of novel digital technologies connected to the Internet of Things, along with advancements in artificial intelligence and automation, is enabling a new wave of manufacturing ...innovation. "Smart factories" will leverage industrial equipment that communicates with users and with other machines, automated processes, and mechanisms to facilitate real-time communication between the factory and the market to support dynamic adaptation and maximize efficiency. Smart factories can yield a range of benefits, such as increased process efficiency, product quality, sustainability, and safety and decreased costs. However, companies face immense challenges in implementing smart factories, given the large-scale, systemic transformation the move requires. We use data gathered from in-depth studies of five factories in two leading automotive manufacturers to analyze these challenges and identify the key steps needed to implement the smart factory concept. Based on our analysis, we offer a preliminary maturity model for smart factory implementation built around three overarching principles: cultivating digital people, introducing agile processes, and configuring modular technologies.
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BFBNIB, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aims to establish a development model for the compressive strength of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) under the coupling influence of temperature and humidity, utilizing the maturity method. ...Initially, diverse curing conditions were applied to 3D printed specimens, incorporating varying temperatures (10 °C, 20 °C, 40 °C) and relative humidity levels (100% RH, 80% RH, 60% RH, 40% RH), with strength value assessed at different ages. Subsequently, a maturity model for humidity modification was proposed, and the model was calibrated through experimental results. The results show that the strength of the specimens increases over time, irrespective of the variations in curing temperatures and humidity levels. Moreover, with a decrease in humidity level, a more pronounced decline in strength is observed. Furthermore, the anisotropy index values of the rate constant in the Y-direction specimen, when cured at temperatures of 10 °C and higher humidity conditions, such as 100% RH and 80% RH, exhibit significant variations across different temperatures and moisture levels, leading to increased anisotropies. The modified maturity model can be used to predict and evaluate the strength development of 3D PC under different environmental conditions with high accuracy.
•Low temperature and high humidity conditions lead to increased anisotropic behavior.•The proposed model accurately predicts the strength development of 3DPC under various temperature and humidity conditions.•The anisotropy index exhibits notable variations across different temperatures and humidity levels.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Manufacturing enterprises are currently facing substantial challenges with regard to disruptive concepts such as the Internet of Things, Cyber Physical Systems or Cloud-based Manufacturing – also ...referred to as Industry 4.0. Subsequently, increasing complexity on all firm levels creates uncertainty about respective organizational and technological capabilities and adequate strategies to develop them. In this paper we propose an empirically grounded novel model and its implementation to assess the Industry 4.0 maturity of industrial enterprises in the domain of discrete manufacturing. Our main goal was to extend the dominating technology focus of recently developed models by including organizational aspects. Overall we defined 9 dimensions and assigned 62 items to them for assessing Industry 4.0 maturity. The dimensions “Products”, “Customers”, “Operations” and “Technology” have been created to assess the basic enablers. Additionally, the dimensions “Strategy”, “Leadership”, Governance, “Culture” and “People” allow for including organizational aspects into the assessment. Afterwards, the model has been transformed into a practical tool and tested in several companies whereby one case is presented in the paper. First validations of the model's structure and content show that the model is transparent and easy to use and proved its applicability in real production environments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The use of knowledge management tools is growing. With each implementation, the effectiveness of the implementation also needs to be evaluated. This article presents a method for evaluating this ...efficiency, an outline of its creation and an example of its use in an industrial enterprise.
The purpose of this paper is to critically review the current available (large/SMEs) Maturity Models (MM) for Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption in manufacturing and logistics sectors, as well as recognize ...the specific requirements of SMEs for a MM adoption. In total, 16 MM were studied with various scopes, where 5 studies applied on SMEs. To this end, this paper identified manufacturing SMEs specific requirements, conducted a review of current MM, and identified the main MM scopes for SMEs and large enterprises as well. This study found that Smart Manufacturing, Smart Supply Chain (SC), Product Development, Digitized Data collection & Analytics, Technological Infrastructure, Smart Logistics, Performance Evaluation, and Employee participation are the main scopes used for SMEs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The increasing digitalization of business and society has brought major changes for organizations to transform in an effort to maintain their sustainability. Adaptation to technological developments ...that impact various adjustments to strategies, business processes, and organizational structures has become an integral part of being able to transformation. This transformation effort is accompanied by monitoring and evaluation to ensure conformity of the transformation with digital transformation maturity level standards. This study proposes an independent digital maturity measurement model (DX-SAMM Digital Transformation Self-Assessment Maturity Model) that allows companies to classify their achievement of digital maturity. The expansion of existing digital maturity measurement models to include multidimensional engagement that dominates Digital Transformation is the focus of the research objectives. Overall, seven dimensions and twenty-one sub-dimensions were defined to measure the maturity level of digital transformation in organizations. This digital maturity measurement application considers various dimensions related to Digital Transformation, namely Strategy, Organizational Structure, Technology, Employees, Customers, Business Processes, and Culture. The Digital Transformation maturity level standard used adopts SPICE. It is part of the ISO/IEC 3300XX family of standards, which specifically serves as a maturity reference for established structures. Case studies as empirical tests of model implementation are presented in this study.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Indonesia is facing a number of independently managed challenges related to the collection, transportation, processing (composting, recycling), and landfill dependence on waste management. An ...intervention is needed to bring stakeholders together to solve these waste challenges. The objectives of this study are to investigate the fundamental issues and opportunities and to develop a sustainable and smart country-wide waste management system using industry 4.0 technologies. The system should provide a multi-dimensional approach, determine the maturity level of the waste management system in a technical method, and pursue the goal of designing a new strategy to minimise waste management problems. A comprehensive systematic literature review, intensive focus group discussions, and direct observation in Indonesian cities were approaches used to develop waste management business processes and their system design. Waste business processes consist of mixed-collecting, sorting, transporting, varied-treatment, and chained-disposal. The design of the proposed waste management system presents circular economy processes that can separate municipal waste, identify waste characteristics, and determine sustainable waste treatment technologies through the use of Internet of Thing (IoT) as the integrator. This study contributes to the sustainable development goals (SDG’s) such as Good health, and wellbeing (SDG 3); Clean water and sanitation (SDG 6); Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8); Responsible Consumption and Production (SDG 12) and Climate Action (SDG 13). The study proposes a new design of smart and sustainable waste management which could achieve satisfactory economic, social, and environmental waste management performances.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel maturity model for health-care cloud security (M
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HCS), which focuses on assessing cyber security in cloud-based health-care environments by ...incorporating the sub-domains of health-care cyber security practices and introducing health-care-specific cyber security metrics. This study aims to expand the domain of health-care cyber security maturity model by including cloud-specific aspects than is usually seen in the literature.
Design/methodology/approach
The intended use of the proposed model was demonstrated using the evaluation method – “construct validity test” as the paper’s aim was to assess the final model and the output of the valuation. The study involved a literature-based case study of a national health-care foundation trust with an overall view because the model is assessed for the entire organisation. The data were complemented by examination of hospitals’ cyber security internal processes through web-accessible documents, and identified relevant literature.
Findings
The paper provides awareness about how organisational-related challenges have been identified as a main inhibiting factor for the adoption of cloud computing in health care. Regardless of the remunerations of cloud computing, its security maturity and levels of adoption varies, especially in health care. Maturity models provide a structure towards improving an organisation’s capabilities. It suggests that although several cyber security maturity models and standards resolving specific threats exist, there is a lack of maturity models for cloud-based health-care security.
Research limitations/implications
Due to the selected research method, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, future research studies can investigate the propositions further. Another is that the current thresholds were determined empirically, although it worked for the case study assessment. However, to establish more realistic threshold levels, there is a need for more validation of the model using more case studies.
Practical implications
The paper includes maturity model for the assessment management and improvement of the security posture of a health-care organisation actively using cloud. For executives, it provides a detailed security assessment of the eHealth cloud to aid in decision making. For security experts, its quantitative metrics support proactive and reactive processes.
Originality/value
The paper fulfils a recognised requirement for security maturity model focussed on health-care cloud. It could be extended to resolve evolving cyber settings.
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