Fenomenologija digitalne sreće Komarica, Tahani
In medias res,
05/2023, Volume:
12, Issue:
22
Journal Article, Web Resource
Peer reviewed
Open access
Pojam sreće nikad nije jednoznačno definiran. U ovom radu je dat kratak prikaz poimanja sreće sa filozofskog, ekonomskog, psihološkog i duhovnog aspekta. Rad eksplicira fenomenologiju digitalne sreće ...na poligonu digitalnih medija koje karakterizira permanentnost koja se postiže booster dozom medijskih sadržaja i manifestacijom iluzije iskustva kroz medijske narative. Digitalna sreća se pojavljuje u 6 tipoloških manifestacija: zadovoljstvo, iznenađenje, harmonija, zanos, oslobađanje potreba i želja i transcedencija. Tipologija manifestacija digitalne sreće je prikazana kroz upotrebu digitalnih medija i medijske narative.
The concept of happiness is never unambigously defined. This paper gives a brief overview of the happiness concept from the philosophical, economic, psychological and spritual aspects. The paper explains the phenomenon of digital happiness on a polygon of digital media, which is characterized by permanence achieved by a booster dose of media content and the manifestation of experience illusion through media narrative. Digital happiness appears in 6 typological manifestations: pleasure, surprise, harmony, ecstasy, liberation of needs and desires and transcedence. The tipologycal manifestations of digital happiness is presented through the use of digital media and media narratives.
Sensorium McLuhanus Kovačić, Darko
In medias res,
05/2023, Volume:
12, Issue:
22
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
U ovom radu analiziramo neke od osnovnih teza medijskog teoretičara Marshalla McLuhana te iste uspoređujemo s relevantnim suvremenim teorijama. Nadalje, definirmao odnos između tehnoloških izuma, ...ekstenzija i tehnološkog determinizma, istražujemo argumente o povijesnoj i kulturnoj uvjetovanosti ljdske percepcije. Promatramo fenomen percepcije u filozofijskim izvorima antičke Grčke te ga uspoređujemo sa spoznajama suvremene neurobiologije.Predstavljamo specifičnosti sučeone teorije percepcije Donalda Hoffmana te u odnosu na njegove teze analiziramo fenomene prostora i vremena. U kontekstu sučeljavanja starih i aktualnih teorija definiramo sud o medijima kao ekstenzijama ljudskog senzorijuma.
In this paper, we analyze some of the basic theses of media theorist Marshall McLuhan and compare them with relevant contemporary theories. Furthermore, having defined the relationship between technological inventions, extensions and technological determinism, we explore arguments about the historical and cultural conditioning of human perception. We observe the phenomenon of perception in the philosophical sources of ancient Greece and compare it with the knowledge of contemporary neurobiology. We present the specifics of Donald Hoffman’s Interface theory of perception and analyze the phenomena of space and time in relation to his theses. In the context of the confrontation of old and current theories, we define the conclusion about media as extensions of the human sensorium.
U radu se analiziraju medijske reprezentacije migranata s posebnim fokusom na slučaj pokušaja uspostave prihvatilišta za tražitelje azila u naselju Mala Gorica kod Petrinje. Kretanja prisilnih ...migranata kroz zemlje na balkanskoj ruti nakon zatvaranja Balkanskog koridora stavljaju države u regiji u izazovnu poziciju upravljanja migracijama, te eventualne organizacije i provedbe prihvata i integracije za one koji su u potrebi za međunarodnom izbjegličkom zaštitom ili kojima je ona odobrena. Odabir lokacije i izgradnja ili adaptacija smještajnih objekata, tj. prihvatilišta za tražitelje međunarodne zaštite (azila), često mogu biti mjesta otpora i protesta lokalnog stanovništva zbog odluka vlasti da upravo u njihovoj sredini uspostavi objekt tog tipa i namjene. U procesu informiranja građana i zauzimanja stavova prema "drugima", mediji igraju važnu ulogu budući da, uz druge društvene aktere na pozicijama moći, dominantno (su)oblikuju javni diskurs. Korištenjem kvalitativne analize sadržaja medijskih članaka objavljenih od studenoga 2018. do svibnja 2019. godine (N-52) – i temeljene na pristupu analizi dokumenata Altheidea i Schneidera (2017) – identificirani su diskursi, teme i okviri koji pridonose razumijevanju medijske reprezentacije spomenutog fenomena. Prema analizi argumentacije različitih aktera identificirane su tri teme: odnos žrtve i nasilnika, odnos vlasti i naroda te odnos između "centra" (Zagreb) i "periferije" (Petrinja) – sve tri, u različitim varijacijama, upućuju na problem nejednakosti, odnosno dominacije i subordinacije. Nastavno na njih, identificirana su dva dominantna medijska okvira u izvještavanju: diskurzivna konstrukcija migranata kao društveni problem i sukob kao konstitutivna relacija između društvenih aktera. Taj tip istraživanja omogućuje kritičko promišljanje načina na koji mediji reprezentiraju marginalizirane društvene skupine poput tražitelja azila, što onda potencijalno omogućuje i promjenu tih reprezentacija u javnoj sferi, i to na načine koji bi pridonijeli stvaranju društvenih preduvjeta za inkluzivni i humani tretman marginaliziranih skupina.
The paper analyses media representations of migrants with a special focus on the case of an attempt to establish an accommodation centre for asylum seekers in the Croatian village Mala Gorica near Petrinja. After the closure of the Balkan Corridor, the movement of forced migrants through the countries on the Balkan route put the states in the region in a challenging position. The states had to develop migration management systems that would enable the organisation of acceptance and integration of refugees. The choice of location of reception and accommodation facilities for asylum seekers could often be a contentious issue for the local population. The media play an important role in the process of informing citizens since, along with other social actors in positions of power, they influence and shape the public discourse. In this paper, we used a qualitative content analysis of Croatian media articles published from November 2018 to May 2019 (N-52). In order to identify discourses, themes and frameworks that contribute to the understanding of the media representation of the above phenomenon we used the document analysis approach of Altheide and Schneider (2017). In the analysis of the arguments of various actors three themes were detected: the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator, the relationship between the government and the people, and the relationship between the “center” (Zagreb) and the “periphery” (Petrinja). All three, in different variations, point to the problem of inequality, i.e., domination and subordination. We identified two dominant media frames in reporting: discursive construction of migrants as a social problem and conflict as a constitutive relationship between social actors. We discuss these findings and argue that this type of research enables a critical reflection on the role of media in public representations of marginalised social groups such as asylum seekers, which could then enable a more inclusive social environment and humane treatment of marginalised groups.
Cilj ovog rada je prikazati tradiciju istraživanja odnosa medija i političke participacije u disciplini političke komunikacije, te izazove koje društvene, tehnološke i političke promjene stvaraju za ...tu disciplinu. Zbog ograničenosti discipline na usko paradigmatsko područje, politička komunikacija teško prilagođava teorijske koncepte i metodološke pristupe umreženom medijskom okolišu „visokog izbora“ (Castells 2009; Chadwick 2013; Prior 2007; Van Aelst et al. 2017), ali i promjenama u društvenoj strukturi i krizi političke reprezentacije. Osim toga, najvećim se dijelom fokusira na minimalističku dimenziju participacije, a mnogo manje se bavi širim poimanjem političkog ili maksimalističkom dimenzijom participacije koja postaje sve rašireniji oblik građanskog angažmana. U ovom preglednom radu prikazat će se istraživanja koja se bave odnosom medija i političke participacije u njezinoj minimalističkoj dimenziji i odnosom digitalnih medija i participacije u maksimalističkoj dimenziji.
The goal of this article is to provide a review of studies of media effects and other links with political participation in the political communication discipline. It also aims to present what are the challenges posed for the discipline by emerging social, technological and political changes. The focus on the dominant paradigm by the discipline mainstream makes theoretical and methodological approaches harder to adapt to networked, high-choice media environment (Castells 2009, Chadwick 2013, Prior 2007, Van Aelst et al. 2017), but also to changes in social structure and the crisis of political representation. Besides this, it focuses mostly on minimalist dimension of participation, and far less includes its maximalist dimension with broader understanding of political which is becoming common form of citizen engagement. This article reviews research of political communication effects on the minimalist dimension of participation and relationship between digital media and participation in its maximalist dimension.
Tehnološke inovacije i digitalizacija medijskog ekosistema, mobilnost, dostupnost, prisnost i individualizacija sadržaja utjecali su na promjenu modela medijskog izvještavanja i kulturu komunikacije. ...U ovom radu razmatramo praksu medijatiziranja emocija kroz afektivne vijesti kao generatore konstruiranja afektivne kulture, ukazujemo na način djelovanja medijatizirane afektivne kulture i njenih najvažnijih karakteristika - diskursa, poravnavanja i pripadanja. Djelujući prema logici medija umjesto prema vlastitoj, medijatiziranoj emociji i javni afekti sve češće postaju tema i suština vijesti i novinarskih priča, pa se umjesto provjerenih činjenica nude javnosti kao pouzdana osnova za donošenje racionalnih odluka za buduće djelovanje. U radu pokazujemo kako se u afektivnoj kulturi emocije doživljavaju kao artefakti, kako se dijele preko medijatiziranih afektivnih vijesti i kako na osnovu njih publika medijskog sistema pregovara, oblikuje diskurse i generira osjećaje poravnavanja i pripadanja i oblikuje na zajedničkim emocijama zasnovane zajednice. Ukazujemo također da se afektivno diskurzivno poravnavanje ne dešava samo u oblasti pozitivnih nego i negativnih emocija te da polariziranje na osnovi afektivnih vesti i na njima oblikovanih zajednica ne doprinosi uvijek boljem razumijevanju svijeta i njegovih problema.
Technological innovations and digitization of the media ecosystem, mobility, accessibility, intimacy and individualization of content influenced the change in the model of media reporting and communication culture. In this paper, we consider the practice of mediatization of emotions through affective news as generators of the construction of affective culture, we point out the mode of action of mediatized affective culture and its most important characteristics - discourse, alignment and belonging. Acting according to the logic of the media instead of their own, mediatized emotions and public affects increasingly become the topic and essence of news and journalistic stories, so instead of verified facts, they are offered to the public as a reliable basis for making rational decisions for future action. In the paper, we show how emotions are perceived as artifacts in a mediatized affective culture, how they are shared through affective news and how, based on them, the audience of the media system negotiates and shapes discourses, generates feelings of alignment and belonging, and shapes communities based on common emotions. We also point out that affective discursive alignment does not only occur in the area of positive but also negative emotions, and that polarization based on affective news and the communities formed on it does not always contribute to a better understanding of the world and its problems.
Ukazujući kako je medijska komunikacija Crkve prikazana u crkvenim dokumentima koji se odnose na sredstva društvenog priopćavanja, u članku se osvrćemo na broj i različitost katoličkih sredstava ...društvenog priopćavanja na području Hrvatske biskupske konferencije. Analizirajući pastoralne smjernice HBK Crkva i mediji, propitujemo što je od njih zaživjelo u hrvatskome crkvenom medijskom prostoru. Polazeći od specifičnosti vjerskih glasila razlikujemo, na temelju naputaka crkvenih dokumenata, crkvene medije od medija vjerske tematike. Na osnovi provedenog istraživanja naglasak stavljamo na djelovanje crkvenih ureda za odnose s javnošću te govorimo i o percepciji katoličkih glasila među publikom. Ukazujemo na važnu ulogu koju katolička glasila imaju u dijalogu unutar Crkve, a dijalog shvaćamo u duhu Drugoga vatikanskog koncila kao otvaranje Crkve svijetu i njezina poslanja da rasvijetli čitav svijet evanđeoskom porukom (usp. GS 92). Posebnu pozornost posvećujemo komunikaciji u župi preko župnih glasila.
Rad se bavi česticama od kojih je današnje društvo satkalo rascjep u koji je dovelo mlade generacije, a znanstvenici, mediji i javnost nazivaju ih genaracijom Y, rascjep između društva znanja, u svoj ...svojoj pojmovnoj siromašnosti i apsurdnosti te društva medija s jedne strane i zahtjeva prosperitetnog tržišta, s druge strane. U prvom dijelu rada bit će predstavljeni pojmovi i glavne markacije generacije Y, društveno-povijesni kontekst njihova odrastanja. Potom će biti govora i o medijskom koloritu koji reproducira, ali i u velikom dijelu i fabricira uvjete i okolinu u kojoj ove generacije egzistiraju, u kojoj su podvrgnute tehnološkoj socijalizaciji, dakle, socijalizaciji ne jedni s drugima, već s tehnološkim dostignućima preko kojih međusobno ostvaruju tek kontakt, a ne ljudski odnos, kakav su poznavale ranije generacije. Nadalje, dotaknut će se i tehnologija, koje je uvriježeno zvati „novima“, iako, dok pišem ove retke, neke od njih su već zastarjele i zamijenjene novijima. Toliko brzo se svijet mijenja.
During the last several years, the Croatian public has been shaken by tragic violent events involving children within the family. In 2017 a mother killed her threeyear-old son, and in 2019 a father ...attempted to murder his four minor children. When such things occur, the media and the public try to determine why they were not prevented and who is responsible for their prevention, and the ones who are most frequently considered as responsible are social workers. The aim of this research is to analyse discursive constructions (narratives, rhetorical techniques) within media articles on social workers on the occasion of high-profile cases of child abuse. Discursive psychology was used as an analysis method. 76 articles published on the most frequented news portals in Croatia were analysed. The portals were selected on the basis of the number of actual users according to the data by Gemius Rating and a Reuters survey of users’ self-reports about visiting web sites. The analysed articles were published in the period from May 24, 2017 to October24, 2018 and in the period from February 28, 2019 to July 1, 2019. Results indicate that in reporting on critical events of child abuse the most frequent narrative in the media is “inadequate action of social workers”. In that narrative the media and the public criticise social workers for failure to provide adequate protection to children and consider that they are not professional enough. In response to that narrative, there are narratives about “social workers as the victims of inadequate system”, “social welfare system in crisis”, and “positive attitude towards social workers”. Within these narratives, social workers and professional organisations educate the public on shortcomings and difficulties within the social welfare system that hinder the work of social workers, which can lead to violations of the users’ rights. They also call upon relevant authorities to undertake necessary reforms. Social workers are characterised as professional and committed to their work. Two additional narratives also appear: “problems in public services” and “a call for making changes”. In the narrative about problems in public services, lawyers and judges mention problems in court proceedings related to the protection of the rights of children, but they also question the knowledge and professionalism of social workers. In the narrative about the need to make changes, professional organisations demand that the authorities and the public turn towards reforms instead of criticism of social workers. Key words: social work; media; child abuse; discursive psychology
Fenomen lažnih vijesti i neprovjerenih informacija vrlo je ozbiljan izazov suvremenih, osobito online medija u kojima je etički relativizam postao općeprihvaćena kategorija, a istina vrlo često ...izložena pritisku komercijalnih vrijednosti. U 2016. godini politički se establishment Sjedinjenih Država kao i Europske unije po prvi put suočio s činjenicom da komunikacijska revolucija ubrzava širenje laži i dezinformacija, ali i da dominantni liberalni sustav društvenih vrijednosti, nekritički podržan od strane mainstream medija, zapravo gubi podršku. Jesu li lažne vijesti tek dio ruske propagande i hibridnog ratovanja pokrenutih s ciljem podrivanja vrijednosti zapadnih demokracija ili su najutjecajniji liberalni mediji glavni izvori lažnih i pristranih vijesti? U radu se propituju razlozi zbog kojih klasični mediji, čak i svojim online izdanjima, gube presudan utjecaj na kreiranje stavova javnosti, te posljedično na usmjeravanje društvenih procesa.
The paper analyses the provisions of Directive (EU) 2018/1808, which amends and supplements the Directive on Audiovisual Media Services 2010/13/EU. In the analysis of the new legal regulation of ...audiovisual media services by Directive (EU) 2018/1808, the author compares the de lege lata provisions and gives de lege ferenda proposals for the new legal regulation of electronic media in the Republic of Croatia. The paper analyses the new provisions that regulate the principle of the country of origin of audiovisual services, the novelties brought by the legal regulation of video sharing platforms as a new form of audiovisual media services, better protection of minors from harmful content in audiovisual media services, new provisions related to enhanced protection from program content that incites hatred, violence, and public incitement to terrorist acts. Furthermore, the paper deals with provisions that increase the requirements regarding the share of European works in programmes and provisions that regulate the quantity and quality of audiovisual commercial communications in traditional audiovisual media services. Along with the analysis of the new provisions of Directive (EU) 2018/1808, the relevant practice of courts and national regulatory authorities are also discussed. Finally, the author deals with the strengthening of the role of independent regulators and makes de lege ferenda proposals for the legal regulation of electronic media and audiovisual media services after the transposition of Directive 2018/1808 into the Croatian legislation.
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