Wie beeinflussen Religionen die soziale Stellung von Personen? Ramona Jelinek-Menke führt das Konzept der »Dis/ability« aus den Disability Studies erstmals in die deutschsprachige ...Religionswissenschaft ein und macht es für Analysen der Interdependenz zwischen Religion und Inklusion nutzbar. Gleichzeitig zeigt sie, wie unter dem Eindruck von Marginalisierung religiöse Vorstellungen, Praktiken und Institutionen gestaltet werden. Damit erschließt sich nicht nur ein neues Forschungsfeld für die Religionswissenschaft, sondern es wird auch die Aufmerksamkeit auf eine sozialwissenschaftlich und gesellschaftlich unterrepräsentierte Gruppe gelenkt.
This study employed the self-understanding interview of Damon and
Hart (1988) to assess
the self-concepts of two groups of children and adolescents: a group of
individuals with
autism and a group of ...nonautistic mentally retarded individuals who were
matched for age
and for verbal ability. On the basis of an hypothesis concerning the interpersonal
origins of
social and psychological self-concepts (Hobson, 1990; Neisser, 1988), it
was predicted that
the participants with autism would show a relative dearth of such concepts
in their talk about
themselves. In accordance with our predictions, there was a significant
group difference in
the number and quality of statements that fell into the social category
of self-concept;
contrary to our predictions, however, there was no group difference in
the number of
statements that fell into the psychological category. In addition, although
there were
not significant group differences in the overall production of
verbally expressed
concepts concerning self-attributes of a physical, active, or psychological
kind, even within
these categories individuals with autism made fewer
references to social interactions or qualities.
These results are discussed with regard to theories of self-concept development
in typically
developing as well as autistic and mentally retarded individuals, and with
reference to the
limitations of interpersonal understanding (“theory of mind”)
in people with autism.
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Autism is one of the five disorders that falls under the umbrella of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), a category of neurological disorders characterized by ..."severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development." ASD is characterized by varying degrees of impairment in communication skills, social interaction and restricted, repetitive stereotyped patterns of behavior. The five disorders under PDD are autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, Rett's disorder and PDD-not otherwise specified. ASD can often be reliably detected by the age of 3 years and, in some cases, as early as 18 months. The appearance of any warning signs of ASD is reason to have the child evaluated by a professional specializing in these disorders.
La diffusion récente de la notion de handicap psychique ajoute une figure à la désignation des troubles mentaux. Nous esquissons ici quelques-uns des enjeux de cette nouvelle catégorisation. Après la ...notion de maladie, celle de « handicap psychique » apparaît comme une manière de désigner les troubles mentaux d’une façon moins inquiétante que la figure de la folie. Elle permet de plus de rendre visibles et prendre en compte leurs conséquences sociales spécifiques. Pour autant, le handicap reste porteur de son stigmate propre.
The concept of “psychic handicap” has appeared recently in the French context. This article outlines some of the challenges this new categorization. The concept of “psychic handicap” is analysed as a way less pejorative than “madness” and “illness” to designate the mental troubles. It opens to a better consideration of the social needs of people with mental illness. However, the concept of disability bears his own stigma.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
L’adulte handicapé cérébral, comme tout être humain, développe des sentiments d’amour, et à ce titre, a droit à une vie affective, intime et sexuelle. En institution (lieu de vie), les adultes ...cérébrolésés sont souvent dépendants des représentations sociales qui les ont construit, de celles des soignants qui les prennent en soins ou encore de celles des aidants-aimants-accompagnants et familles qui les accompagnent. Cette recherche a tenté de cibler les noyaux centraux et les éléments périphériques de toutes ces représentations sociales, au moyen de « l’association libre » et de « cartes émotionnelles », afin d’évaluer pour tous les acteurs, les progrès possibles en matière d’acceptation et par conséquent d’accompagnement de l’intimité et de la sexualité des personnes handicapées cérébrales institutionnalisées. Les personnes victimes de traumatismes crâniens sévères (handicap acquis) et les personnes porteuses d’infirmités motrices d’origine cérébrale (handicap congénital) ont été les principaux protagonistes de cette recherche. Les résultats montrent que selon le type de handicap (acquis ou congénital), la posture des soignants est quasiment la même ; celle des résidants eux-mêmes diffèrent légèrement ; quant à celle des aidants-aimants-accompagnants et familles, elle est radicalement différente : le handicap congénital ne laisse pas de place à un imaginaire intime et/ou sexuelle de leur part, envers leurs protégés. Quelles perspectives pour la mise en œuvre d’une éducation pour la santé sexuelle pour ces personnes handicapées cérébrales ? Quel accompagnement à la vie intime et sexuelle en structure d’hébergement ?
Mentally-handicapped adults, like any other human beings, develop amorous sentiments and therefore, are entitled to an emotional, intimate and sexual life.In institution (living space), brain-damaged adults are often dependent on social representations which built them, of those of caregivers who cared them, or still of those of caregivers-loving-accompanying and families which accompanying them.This research tried to target the central cores and peripheral elements of all these social representations, by means of the “free association” and the “emotional cards”, to estimate for all actors, the possible progress regarding acceptance, and consequently accompaniment of intimacy and sexuality about institutionalized mentally-handicapped adults.Brain-damaged adults (acquired handicap) and people with mental disabilities (congenital handicap) were the main protagonists of this research.The results show that according to the type of handicap (acquired or congenital), the caregivers’ posture is almost the same; that of the resident differ themselves slightly; as for that some caregivers-loving-accompanying and families are radically different: people with congenital disabilities do not create an intimate imagination and/or sexual from them, to their mentally-handicapped adult.What perspectives for the implementation of an education for the sexual health for these cerebral disabled people? What sort of companying for privacy and sexual life in institution?
Qu’advient-il des possibilités de soins psychiques lorsque le handicap mental entrave considérablement les capacités de mise en représentation ? À cette question, se retrouvera très rapidement ...confronté tout clinicien voulant travailler auprès de personnes déficientes intellectuelles. Notre rencontre avec Théo, jeune adulte trisomique 21, nous montre en quoi soutenir une éthique dans la clinique de la déficience mentale c’est admettre que, quel que soit le niveau de raisonnement intellectuel, un acte de parole reste possible. Pour ce faire, il y a tout lieu de ne pas confondre les capacités de mise en représentation et le niveau de raisonnement abstrait faisant particulièrement défaut chez les personnes atteintes de retard mental.
What about possibilities of psychic care when mental retardation hinders considerably capacities of representation? To this question, will be very quickly confronted every clinician who wants to work with mentally handicapped persons. Our meeting with Theo, young adult with Down syndrome, shows us in what to support an ethics in the clinical approach of mental disabilities it's to admit that, however intellectual reasoning level is, a speech act always remains possible. To do it, we don’t have to confuse capacities of representation and abstract reasoning level, which particularly lack to person with mental retardation.
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Évaluer les représentations d’attachement des adolescents handicapés mentaux relève encore d’une démarche exploratoire, en raison du peu de travaux portant sur l’attachement des personnes handicapées ...mentales. À l’aide d’un outil d’évaluation d’ordinaire utilisé avec les jeunes enfants, les « histoires à compléter », un matériel clinique riche a pu être recueilli auprès d’adolescents d’institut médico-éducatif (IME) et d’un groupe témoin. Malgré les petites tailles des échantillons retenus, il est apparu que les adolescents handicapés mentaux présentaient tous une désorganisation de l’attachement. Le traumatisme subi par les parents de ces derniers, au tout début de leur vie, en raison de l’annonce de leur handicap, est susceptible d’apparaître comme le facteur explicatif le plus important des spécificités de l’environnement précoce de ces sujets.
Assessing the representations of attachment of mentally handicapped adolescents still belongs to an exploratory approach because of the few works on attachment of mentally handicapped subjects. With an assessment tool, usually used with children, “the attachment story completion task” a rich clinical material could be gathered from mentally handicapped adolescents and a control group. In spite of the small size of the samples, it appeared that the mentally handicapped adolescents all had an unresolved attachment. The trauma experienced by their parents, at the beginning of their life, due to the announcement of the handicap, may be considered as the major explanatory factor of the specificities of the early environment of these subjects.
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29.
A snowed-in head injury Floares, Iuliu
Acupuncture in medicine : journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society,
06/2000, Volume:
18, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
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Calcineurin, a Ca(2+)-Calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase, is important for Ca(2+) mediated signal transduction. The main objective of this study was to examine the potential role of calcineurin ...in idiopathic mental handicap. Calcineurin levels were estimated in 20 children in the age group of 5-16 years with idiopathic mental handicap attending the Special. Education Centre for the Mentally Handicapped in Hyderabad. The results of the present study showed decreased activity of serum calcineurin in children with idiopathic mental handicap compared to those of normal subjects in the same age group. The observations thus suggest impaired calcineurin activity in children with mental handicap. Calcineurin that is involved in biosynthesis and release of neurotransmitters at the synaptic terminal brain is affected thereby causing brain damage and leading to mental handicap. Impaired calcineurin activity was already indicated in many human diseases such as Down's syndrome, Alzheimers, Brain ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy etc. It is therefore necessary to check the calcineurin levels in children with mental handicap to understand the role of calcineurin in the causation of Mental handicap.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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