AbstractIntroductions: Pregnancy is a stressor to women, in terms of biological as well as psychological. For individuals who previously received medication for schizophrenia in the past, it can be a ...triggering factor for the relapse of the illness. Here we describe a case of a pregnant woman who experiences a relapse in pregnancy. Case: The patient was a 40-year-old pregnant woman, brought to the emergency room after attacking her father by stabbing her father’s head with a knife. She was suspicious of her dad’s gaze at her. She was hostile towards healthcare workers when being examined. For her pregnancy, consultation with the Obstetric and Gynaecology department had been done to ensure that she and her baby were taken care of while being treated in the psychiatry ward. Discussions: The patient was diagnosed as having paranoid schizophrenia recurrent episodes. There was no complication found in her pregnancy, and she was scheduled for Sectio Caesarean as she was not mentally fit to do vaginal delivery. The psychiatric approach to the patient was atypical antipsychotic along with supportive psychotherapy. Psychoeducation and family therapy were also done to ensure that the patient’s family understand the illness and the importance of compliance with the medication. Conclusions: Pregnancy is one of the factors that lead to the relapse of schizophrenia in patients with a history of mental illness. Holistic treatment is needed to treat the patient to prevent the relapse of the illness.
Loneliness and isolation were two factors introduced as “effective measures” during the COVID-19 crisis. The lockdown exacerbated loneliness among those already suffering from acute illnesses. In ...this context, a rereading of the film Lars and the Real Girl by Craig Gillespie is particularly relevant as it offers novel perspectives on loneliness. The interplay between Lars’s desire to be in a compassionate relationship and the fear of meeting and socializing is comparable to what was witnessed across the coronavirus-afflicted world. This paper explores the potential for understanding delusion caused by traumatic experiences as a form of communication rather than a mental disorder. The film explains how a silicone sex doll functions as a medium between the lonesome Lars and society in resolving the trauma. The paper focuses on the infantile nature of humans and uses infantilism in a conducive manner to understand anthropomorphism for bridging the gap between a lonely/delusional person and society while drawing examples from the film. The introduction of a nonhuman actor—an anatomically correct doll—becomes an opportunity for a traumatized person such as Lars to know himself well and gradually open up to socializing. As he moves from external to threshold en-rolling, followed by internal en-rolling, it indicates his opening up to communication as he moves from language to lalangue and creates his world with the doll. This film presents a therapeutic approach to treating schizoid personality disorder with the assistance of a nonhuman actor.
Objective:
Psychiatric patients have increased rates of comorbid physical illness. There are less data on dental disease, especially decay, despite risk factors including lifestyle and psychotropic ...side effects such as xerostomia. We therefore undertook an umbrella review of all meta-analyses on the association between mental illness and oral health.
Methods:
We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase and CINAHL. Articles were independently assessed. Outcomes were caries, periodontal disease, erosion, and partial or total tooth loss (edentulism), measured where possible with standardised measures such as the mean number of decayed, missing and filled teeth or surfaces. Quality was assessed in line with National Institutes of Health guidelines.
Results:
We identified 11 meta-analyses. The most information and strongest association was between dental decay and severe mental illness or substance use, as well as erosion and eating disorders. Depressive, anxiety and eating disorders were also associated with caries, but the datasets were small. People with severe mental illness had nearly three times the odds of having lost all their teeth than the general community (odds ratio = 2.81, 95% confidence interval = 1.73, 4.57) and those with depression between 1.17 and 1.32. Findings for periodontal disease were more equivocal, possibly because of study heterogeneity.
Conclusion:
Mental health clinicians should screen for oral diseases when treating those with mental illness and facilitate referral to affordable dental clinics when indicated. Prevention should be a priority, including the promotion of dental care, as well as the management of xerostomia when psychopharmacologic agents are prescribed.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
Research on employment in people with severe mental illnesses (SMI) in developing countries is sparse and largely limited to employment rates. We conducted a comprehensive study of work, ...interest in work, and perceived benefits and barriers to work in people with SMI in India.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 550 individuals with SMI receiving private psychiatric outpatient services in two districts in western India, one urban (Pune) and the other rural (Ahmednagar).
Results
More than half of the participants were employed, with significantly more men working (79.4%) than women (35.9%). Higher rates of work were found in rural areas (77.8%), where most work was in family agricultural businesses, than in urban areas (48.9%), where most work was for independent employers. Participants in rural areas worked fewer hours and earned less money, and reported fewer benefits and fewer problems related to work than urban participants. Over 45% of participants working for independent employers found jobs with help from families and extended social networks. Most unemployed participants wanted to work, and desired a variety of supports, including assistance with job finding and illness management.
Conclusions
Gender-specific social role expectations and families play an important role in work in people with SMI in India. Despite higher rates of work in this sample than most studies from developed countries, a significant subgroup was unemployed but wanted to work. Persons with SMI in developing countries may benefit from the adaptation of validated vocational rehabilitation approaches in developed countries to their cultural context.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Refugees are at greater risk of mental illness due to stressors encountered post-resettlement. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the within-person effects of these stressors, especially ...with respect to social integration. This study aims to examine what factors are associated with psychological distress in a longitudinal sample of refugees resettled in Australia.
This study used data from three Waves of the Building a New Life in Australia study, collected between 2013 and 2018. The eligible sample included 1881 adult respondents, clustered in 1175 households. We conducted multilevel mixed-effects growth modelling incorporating time-variant and time-invariant covariates with psychological distress, using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6).
Rates of high psychological distress increased across the 5-year follow-up period. Social integration stressors (e.g. discrimination, lower sense of belonging, loneliness, lower English proficiency) were associated with higher levels of psychological distress over time. Refugees reporting loneliness not only had a greater risk of elevated psychological distress at each time point, but the difference in risk increased over each time point. Refugees who were exposed to traumatic events, older, female and of Middle Eastern background were also more likely to report higher levels of psychological distress over time.
These findings highlight the importance of identifying refugees who may encounter difficulties with social integration in the early years of resettlement. Newly arrived refugees may benefit from longer-term resettlement programmes that address post-migratory stressors, particularly with regards to loneliness, to reduce the prevalence of elevated psychological distress during the early years of resettlement.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
496.
The PsychENCODE project Akbarian, Schahram; Liu, Chunyu; Knowles, James A ...
Nature neuroscience,
12/2015, Volume:
18, Issue:
12
Journal Article
During the COVID-19 outbreak, individuals with or without mental disorders may resort to dysfunctional psychological strategies that could trigger or heighten their emotional distress. The current ...study aims to explore the links between maladaptive daydreaming (MD, i.e., a compulsive fantasy activity associated with distress and psychological impairment), psychological symptoms of depression, anxiety, and negative stress, and COVID-19-related variables, such as changes in face-to-face and online relationships, during the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. A total of 6,277 Italian adults completed an online survey, including socio-demographic variables, COVID-19 related information, the 16-item Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS-16), and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales-21 Items (DASS-21). Based on an empirically derived cut-off score, 1,082 participants (17.2%) were identified as probable maladaptive daydreamers (MDers). A binary logistic regression revealed that compared to controls, probable MDers reported that during the COVID-19 lockdown they experienced higher levels of anxiety and depression, decreased online social relationships, and, surprisingly, stable or increased face-to-face social relationships. Given the peculiar characteristics of the pandemic context, these findings suggest that the exposure to the risk of contagion had probably exacerbated the tendency of probable MDers to lock themselves inside their mental fantasy worlds, which in turn may have contributed to further estrangement from online social relationships and support, thus worsening their emotional distress.
Over the last few decades, clinical psychologists have played a key role in the development of empirically-validated psychosocial interventions for those with serious mental illness (SMI). However, ...in contrast to these substantial contributions, clinical psychologists in the United States are grossly underrepresented in treatment provision with this population (Roe, Yanos, & Lysaker, 2006; Rollins & Bond, 2001). This review aims to highlight various factors contributing to the establishment and perpetuation of this underrepresentation. First, we highlight systemic factors (e.g., the emergence of managed care) through an examination of the evolving role of the clinical psychologist. Next, we review training-based factors (e.g., limitations to SMI specific training) through a review of training in clinical psychology. Through an examination of training factors, the role of mental health stigma amongst clinicians toward individuals with SMI is identified as a potential perpetuating factor of this underrepresentation. Factors associated with clinician stigma are then reviewed and the relationship between clinical training and clinician stigma is considered. Lastly, important future directions to further investigate and address this underrepresentation are suggested – namely, investigating factors (training and individual) that may impact clinical psychology doctoral students' attitudes toward those with SMI.
•Psychologists are underrepresented in work with serious mental illness.•Systemic (e.g., managed care) factors contribute to this underrepresentation.•Training factors (e.g., limited faculty expertise) may also contribute.•Further, stigma held amongst psychologists may perpetuate this issue.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Increasing evidence suggests that mental health and physical health are linked by neural systems that jointly regulate somatic physiology and high-level cognition. Key systems include the ...ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the related default-mode network. These systems help to construct models of the 'self-in-context', compressing information across time and sensory modalities into conceptions of the underlying causes of experience. Self-in-context models endow events with personal meaning and allow predictive control over behaviour and peripheral physiology, including autonomic, neuroendocrine and immune function. They guide learning from experience and the formation of narratives about the self and one's world. Disorders of mental and physical health, especially those with high co-occurrence and convergent alterations in the functionality of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the default-mode network, could benefit from interventions focused on understanding and shaping mindsets and beliefs about the self, illness and treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ
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