This study evaluates the effect of the morphological characteristics of 4 urban districts in Thessaloniki, Greece on the vertical profile of the Tair inside the various urban canyons under different ...meteorological conditions. ENVI-met v.4 microclimate simulations are conducted for the 4 selected case study areas, while different meteorological boundary conditions are also considered. The obtained simulation results generally suggest significant differentiations on the local climatic conditions throughout the year, due to the diverse morphological characteristics. The analysis of the vertical Tair profile, revealed low deviations during night-time and peak deviations at noon. The maximum Tair discrepancies among all areas have been mainly attributed to the different amounts of solar radiation, received by the canyons' surfaces and the respective sensible heat release. However, in all cases, the estimated Tair differences among the study areas decreased as the distance from the ground increased.
The genetic potential of bird productivity can be fully revealed only in conditions of an optimal microclimate to be ensured by sufficiently energy-intensive ventilation and heating (cooling) air ...systems. In this regard, energy conservation is an urgent task for poultry farms given the significant share of the energy component in the cost of poultry products (9-14 %) and rising energy prices. In poultry houses, the greatest heat losses are in exhaust ventilation (up to 29, 000 gigacalories in poultry farms for the heating season), where heat recovery units are needed, which are designed to perform high-quality sanitation in heat-exchange channels; for the economical heating of poultry and premises, the use of local gas heating systems able to work with positive pressure and depression in the poultry house and disinfect the air is required. The experiments on the use of gas air heaters for growing meat chickens showed that in an autonomous heating system with heat recovery units, air heaters become the main heat generators and heat source that heats up the air supply, which allows the system to be used in "hybrid" modes, i.e. at high pressure during the first period of broiler operation and with depressurizing during the second period of broiler operation. At the same time, there was no negative effect of burning oxygen and combustion products on livestock productivity; a high level of veterinary and sanitary protection of the livestock due to air disinfection by gas burners is provided as well.
Climate change is considered as one of the biggest challenges in 21st century. Climate change is caused by the excessive use of heat exhausts such as air conditionings. The increasing use of ...mechanical cooling consumes more energy, discharges anthropogenic heat and CO2 emissions. This heat causes a rise in outdoor air temperature and worsens the urban thermal environment. Urban thermal comfort is important in promoting peoples’ use of outdoor spaces.
The objective of this research is to study the effect of anthropogenic heat on pedestrian thermal comfort within the urban space. Using infrared camera for different places in El Hussein square to identify the thermal performance under the climatic condition and under the mechanical heat generation sources. Different scenarios in El Hussein Square (Historical Cairo, Egypt) were carried out by simulations and modeling using ENVI-met and ANSYS/CFD to quantitatively assess the microclimatic thermal impacts of those heat exhausts. The results show the effect of heat exhaust in increasing the outdoor air temperature (heat island) as well as affect the outdoor thermal comfort of El Hussein Square due to the reduction of air flow between buildings.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Green Open Space (GOS) in urban areas is significant for the community and plays a role in improving the comfort of microclimate. There is very limited public GOS in Cilegon City, so the local ...government continues to increase the number of public green areas in each sub-district. Evaluation of thermal comfort and the utilization by the public's in GOS of Cilegon City was essential for improving the quality and developing the green area in the city. This research was carried out in the Jogging Track Krakatau Junction (JKJ), Taman Kota Layak Anak (TLA), and Taman Kecamatan Jombang (TKJ), from March until June 2019. The research used descriptive qualitative methods (visitors' perceptions and preferences) and quantitative methods (THI). The result showed that in JKJ, there were 50 species - 2462 trees which mostly have shaded function; in TLA, 14 species - 98 trees; and at TKJ, 39 species - 540 trees, both of those parks, the trees have shaded and aesthetic functions. JKJ is the best to reduce temperature; such as 2.4-3.7°C, then the second was TLA that 1.2-2.9°C; and TKJ 0.8-2.3°C. The average Thermal Humidity Index (THI) at JKJ was 27.6; then TLA was 28.0; JKJ was 28.3. These values were not comfortable, but mostly the visitors came to the three GOS in the morning or the afternoon. Thus 67-73% of respondents said that three GOS were comfortable, and 6-7% very comfortable at JKJ and TLA. The result of utilization of GOS according to user's activities showed that JKJ was used for jogging/sports (55%), recreation (26%); TLA for recreation (47%), family gathering (38%); TKJ for recreation (67%). The others were used for playing with children, taking pictures, and shopping for a culinary delight. There were 60-73% of visitors expressed their satisfaction with the existence of GOS. Recommendation for improving GOS such as; 1) JKJ: Pruning the trees to reduce the humidity therefore THI is more comfortable; adding the ornamental plants in the welcome area, benches, trash cans, and planting food crops and vegetable crops at agricultural areas; 2) TLA and TKJ: Adding the shaded trees at children's play areas and near the benches, some ornamental scrubs, and some benches.
The research was focused on development of data acquisition system to monitor the content of methane, relative humidity and temperature on peatlands in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methane is one of ...greenhouse gases that emitted from peatlands; while humidity and temperature are important parameters of microclimate on peatlands. The content of methane, humidity and temperature are three parameters were monitored digitally, real time, continuously and automatically record by data acquisition systems that interfaced to the personal computer. The hardware of data acquisition system consists of power supply unit, TGS2611 methane gas sensor, SHT11 humidity and temperature sensors, voltage follower, ATMega8535 microcontroller, 16 × 2 LCD character and personal computer. ATMega8535 module is a device to manage all part in measuring instrument. The software which is responsible to take sensor data, calculate characteristic equation and send data to 16 × 2 LCD character are Basic Compiler. To interface between measuring instrument and personal computer is maintained by Delphi 7. The result of data acquisition showed on 16 × 2 LCD characters, PC monitor and database with developed by XAMPP. Methane, humidity, and temperature which release from peatlands are trapped by Closed-Chamber Measurement with dimension 60 × 50 × 40 cm3. TGS2611 methane gas sensor and SHT11 humidity and temperature sensor are calibrated to determine transfer function used to data communication between sensors and microcontroller and integrated into ATMega8535 Microcontroller. Calculation of RS and RL of TGS2611 methane gas sensor refer to data sheet and obtained respectively 1360 ohm and 905 ohm. The characteristic equation of TGS2611 satisfies equation VRL = 0.561 ln n - 2.2641 volt, with n is a various concentrations and VRL in volt. The microcontroller maintained the voltage signal than interfaced it to liquid crystal displays and personal computer (laptop) to display result of the measurement. The result of data acquisition saved on excels and database format.
Green space offers great benefits to urban environment quality. There has been lots of research on urban green space planning and landscape ecological effect, however, few quantitative work has been ...carried out on its microclimate impact. The current relevant studies have been more focused on greening quantity, with less concern for greening structure. Evaluation of wind field, thermal comfort and air quality is also important for microclimate research as well as thermal environment. ENVI-met model is set up and microclimate is evaluated for temperature, wind speed, thermal comfort and concentration of PM10. The results show that eco-greening plot ratio are positively correlated with day-time cooling effects and thermal comfort of green land, and negatively correlated with wind speed and PM10 concentration. Landscape diversity index of tree patch in home-site greenbelt is negatively correlated with cooling effects and particle deposition, while positively correlated with wind speed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Social welfare and food security become essential issues of forest management in Java. Agroforestry development have a potential to tackle these both issues without sacrifing the forest ...sustainability. The best agroforestry system should integrate the following three aspects: production, ecological, and social sustainabilities. This study aimed to identify the best agroforestry system that are established in plantation forest area, in Banyumas Forest Management Unit. Four different agroforestry systems were evaluated i.e. Teak, Pine, Cajuput, and Clonal Teak patterns. Each agroforestry system has different intercropping area based on their initial spacing of woody plant. The analytical hierarchy process method and followed by multi criteria analysis were used to determine the best agroforestry system. The proposed indicators of production aspect were timber forest product and non timber forest product. Meanwhile, the defined parameters of ecological aspect were plant biodiversity, microclimate, as well as soil and water conservation. The indicators of social aspect were market network, adoptability, and manageability. The result indicated that the weight for production, ecological, and social sustainabilities aspects were 0.43; 0.14; 0.43, respectively. This study revealed the best agroforestry system that can integrate the balance of production, ecological, and social sustainabilities aspects was Clonal Teak pattern (2.39). The next position was occupied by Teak pattern (2.08) and then followed by Pine pattern (2.06). The Cajuput pattern, however, was the last position (1.15), and therefore it was not recommended for agroforestry system in this area.
Indoor conditions of broiler sheds are influenced by environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and air movement. Air temperature and relative humidity contribute mainly to the ...heat stress in broilers and are controlled by air velocity. Roof ventilated broiler sheds are designed to mechanically force air into a confined space through a negative pressure. They have bottom-hinged inlets and roof fans. In summer, the air inlets of the broiler sheds are usually opened fully, in addition to the mechanical fans in 100% operation to ensure broiler chickens are properly ventilated to prevent heat stress. Surprisingly, no information on the practice of farmers during summer in roof ventilated broiler shed is available. Hence, this work was carried out to assess air movement within a roof ventilated broiler shed during summer. The results of this work indicated that opening the inlets fully during summer may not improve the air movement at the animal microclimate. The average air velocities at the animal microclimate were found to be between 0.30 and 0.40 m s−1 in an empty broiler shed compared to the occupied broiler shed which varied from 0.10 and 0.20 m s−1. Therefore, this work has shown that airflow at the birds' microclimate inside the broiler shed are mainly influenced by the birds themselves, inlet opening technique and distance from the sidewall.
This paper presents a methodological framework for a more accurate assessment of the thermal performance of green infrastructure (GI) using a combination of airborne remote sensing, field ...measurements and numerical modelling. The proposed framework consists of: (a) controlling intervening variables and classifying sites according to urban morphology, (b) classifying GI according to a newly developed typology, (c) quantifying and allocating a set of indicators/metrics to each typology, and (d) analysing and comparing data spatially and statistically. The proposed framework provides a standardised protocol that urban planners and practitioners can apply to quantify, compare and report the results of microclimate studies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of inside temperature and relative humidity, ventilation rate and gas concentrations (NH
3
, N
2
O, CO
2
) on odour emissions from deep-litter ...piggery. The studied facility had temperature-controlled mechanical ventilation. The measurements were conducted from March to June 2014. During the research, selected microclimate parameters, as well as number and mass of animals were monitored and air samples were collected (two samples of air in each series of measurements). Temperature and relative humidity were measured using Testo 435-4 multifunctional measuring instrument. To measurements of gas concentrations was used the photo-acoustic spectrometer Multi Gas Monitor Model 1312. The concentration of odours in the air samples was determined by dynamic olfactometry with the TO 8 olfactometer, according to PN-EN 13725:2007. The odour concentration ranged from 450 to 2004 ou
E
· m
–3
(mean 1048 ou
E
· m
–3
) and the mean odour emission factor was from 5.76 to 46.79 ou
E
· (s · pig)
−1
(mean 20.93 ou
E
· (s · pig)
−1
.The statistical analysis showed that the inside temperature explained most of the variability of the odour concentration and the relationship was described by equation:
c
od
= 5634 – 197
T
inside
(
R
2
= 0.82,
p
≤ 0.05). For odour emission factor, two parameters: the inside temperature and ventilation rate, explained most of the variability, according to the equation:
EF
od
= 108 + 1939
VR
– 5.5
T
inside
(
R
2
= 0.81,
p
≤ 0.05).
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