How might 4D printing overcome the obstacles that are hampering the rolling out and scaling up of 3D printing? Skylar Tibbits, Director of the Self‐Assembly Lab at the Massachusetts Institute of ...Technology (MIT), describes how the Lab has partnered up with Stratasys Ltd, an industry leader in the development of 4D Printing, and is making the development of self‐assembly programmable materials and adaptive technologies for industrial application in building design and construction its focus.
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•Ag/ZnO/Bi2WO6 tecomposi nanomaterials were synthesized by sol–gel and ultrasonic methods.•The molecular-imprinted composite MIT-Ag/ZnO/Bi2WO6 was prepared using cefuroxime sodium as ...template molecule.•TEM results show that heterojunction is formed between ZnO and Bi2WO6.•Diffuse reflectance shows the band gap of MIT-Ag/ZnO/Bi2WO6 is about 3.08 eV.•MIT-Ag/ZnO/Bi2WO6 has higher degradation rate of cefuroxime sodium.
The purpose of this work is to study the crystal structural, element composition, valence state and optical properties of the MIT-Ag/ZnO/Bi2WO6 in order to be used for antibiotic degradation application. MIT-Ag/ZnO/Bi2WO6 materials were prepared by sol–gel and ultrasonic composite method using cefuroxime sodium as the template molecule. The obtained catalyst was characterized by different techniques. The crystal structure was analyzed by XRD and FTIR. The elemental and valence composition were analyzed by XPS. It was found that the imprinting process did not changed the crystal structure, elemental composition and valence state of Ag/ZnO/Bi2WO6. The morphology was visualized by SEM. A heterojunction is formed between ZnO and Bi2WO6 as investigated by TEM analysis. The optical proprieties have been evaluated by DRS, a bandgap of 3.08 eV was found. PL results showed that the imprinting process inhibits the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Photocatalytic experiments were further carried out. MIT-Ag/ZnO/Bi2WO6 was selective to template cefuroxime sodium, and the degradation efficiency of cefuroxime sodium reached almost 100% under the irradiation of 250 W mercury lamp for 150 min. ·OH and h+ were the main active substances in the photocatalytic process.
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Inequality and the middle‐income trap Hu, Xiaoshan; Wan, Guanghua; Yang, Chen ...
Journal of international development,
10/2023, Volume:
35, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Abstract
This paper proposes an indicator measuring the likelihood for an economy to escape the middle income trap (MIT) and then estimates the impact of income inequality on this indicator using ...1960‐2019 cross‐country data. Major findings include the following: (1) The likelihood of escaping MIT is relatively large for Asia, followed by Europe, Africa, North America and South America. (2) Inequality is negatively and significantly correlated with the MIT indicator, particularly in freer, high‐income and MIT country groups. (3) Regarding the mechanisms, domestic investment, human capital accumulation and trade openness contribute positively to this indicator, while ageing does the opposite.
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Zusammenfassung
Mycobacterium haemophilum (MH) ist ein langsam wachsendes, nicht‐tuberkulöses Mykobakterium. Infektionen treten am häufigsten bei Patienten mit beeinträchtigtem Immunsystem auf; sie ...manifestieren sich meist an der Haut und kommen isoliert oder bei disseminierten Infektionen vor. Wir berichten hier über einen Fall mit isolierter MH‐Infektion an der Hand sowie über einen weiteren Fall von disseminierter MH‐Infektion mit multiplen Hautläsionen. Zusätzlich haben wir weitere Fallberichte über MH‐Infektionen mit kutaner Beteiligung aus den letzten zehn Jahren (2011–2022) ausgewertet. Die am häufigsten beobachteten Hautmanifestationen der insgesamt 79 Fälle waren Knötchen, Ulzera, Abszesse, Schwellungen und Pusteln. Patienten mittleren Alters mit iatrogener Immunsuppression durch Glucocorticoide, Mycophenolat‐Mofetil, Ciclosporin und Cyclophosphamid scheinen besonders anfällig für MH‐Infektionen zu sein und haben auch ein höheres Risiko für eine Dissemination in die inneren Organe. Disseminierte MH‐Infektionen manifestieren sich gewöhnlich als Tenosynovitis, Arthritis/Arthralgie oder Osteomyelitis. Derzeit gibt es keine starke Evidenz für bestimmte Therapeutika; in der Praxis wird am häufigsten eine Dreifachkombination aus Chinolon, Makroliden und Rifampicin eingesetzt. Die Prognose ist allgemein gut. Iatrogene Immunsuppression, Läsionen im proximalen Bereich der Extremitäten sowie disseminierte Manifestation sind mit schlechteren klinischen Verläufen assoziiert.
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•ADHD occurs in 5.9 % of youth and 2.5 % of adults.•Most cases of ADHD are caused by the combined effects of many genetic and environmental risks.•There are small differences in the brain between ...people with and without ADHD.•Untreated ADHD can lead to many adverse outcomes.•ADHD costs society hundreds of billions of dollars each year, worldwide.
Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base.
We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder.
We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents.
Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.
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Some of the most common dynamic phenomena that arise in engineering practiceactuator and sensor delaysfall outside the scope of standard finite-dimensional system theory. The first attempt at ...infinite-dimensional feedback design in the field of control systemsthe Smith predictorhas remained limited to linear finite-dimensional plants over the last five decades. Shedding light on new opportunities in predictor feedback, this book significantly broadens the set of techniques available to a mathematician or engineer working on delay systems.The book is a collection of tools and techniques that make predictor feedback ideas applicable to nonlinear systems, systems modeled by PDEs, systems with highly uncertain or completely unknown input/output delays, and systems whose actuator or sensor dynamics are modeled by more general hyperbolic or parabolic PDEs, rather than by pure delay.Numerous examples and a detailed treatment of individual classes of problemswill help the reader master the techniques.Delay Compensation for Nonlinear, Adaptive, and PDE Systemsis an excellent reference guide for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in mathematics, systems control, as well as chemical, mechanical, electrical, computer, aerospace, and civil/structural engineering. Parts of the book maybe used in graduate courses on general distributed parameter systems, linear delay systems, PDEs, nonlinear control, state estimator and observers, adaptive control, robust control, or linear time-varying systems.
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