Flash mob: a multidisciplinary review Al-khateeb, Samer; Agarwal, Nitin
Social network analysis and mining,
12/2021, Volume:
11, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Since the year 2003, the term “flash mob” has been studied in various disciplines and was referred to by various media outlets to describe various events. The term "flash mob" originally meant to ...describe a phenomenon in which a group of people assembles in a public space, perform a seemingly random act, then quickly disperse. This phenomenon was expected to die just like other types of public performances, e.g., the eighties' raves. However, this phenomenon is still alive and became widespread in various forms. Since this phenomenon was new, mentioned in the media, and depended on technology, it is unwise to assume that everyone knows its exact meaning. Many traditionalist flash mobbers become concerned that the global diffusion of flash mobs has diluted their original meaning. So, in this summative, chronological, and by topic literature review article, we explore the disciplines in which this term was used; then investigate its various forms and propose the term “Mob” to be the root term so we can categorize its various forms (branches) and eliminate ambiguities; and prove that this phenomenon still exists. Finally, we try to shed light on what is missing from the literature and what needs to be studied in the future with regard to this topic.
The current state of Ukraine’s media raises serious questions as to whether a fair and balanced electoral contest can be held. An elaborate system of censorship, including instructions emanating from ...the financial and industrial groups, distorts news and skews coverage of political affairs. The author discuss tendencies and perspectives of the development of the information society related to the emergence and expansion of social networks. Social, political and ethical aspects of Internet communication are analyzed. Features of the organization and carrying out of actions political flesh-mob, its definition as tool political consumerism are revealed.
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Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been attracted widespread attention in supercapacitor due to their unique layered structure and associated advantages. However, the inherent ...limitations of low electrical conductivity and reaction kinetics rate of LDH restrict its widespread application. Various modification techniques, such as heterojunction formation, phosphorization and introduction of phosphorus vacancies, are employed to modify LDH with the goal of improving the electrochemical performance. Preparation of composite materials using MoB MBene as conductive template and phosphorization are the effective ways for enhancing the electrical conductivity of electrode materials. MoB MBene is prepared using a modified method that combines NaOH etching and a high-temperature hydrothermal process. The presence of phosphorus vacancy is beneficial for enhancing the kinetics rate during electrode reactions. Through the synergistic effect of various modification methods, MP2 demonstrates an optimal electrochemical performance with a superior specific capacitance of 1731.19F/g (238.28 mAh g−1) at 1 A/g. It also demonstrates an impressive rate capacity of 81.28 % at 10 A/g and maintains a satisfactory capacitance retention of 88.14 % after 5000 cycles. In addition, a fabricated MP2//AC ASC device achieves an impressive energy density of 39.91 Wh kg−1 at the power density of 948.25 W kg−1 and demonstrates satisfactory cycling stability of 78.76 % after 5000 cycles. This work presents a comprehensive framework for analyzing the impact of material structure, components, and crystal phases on energy storage performance. It also examines the regulatory impact of different modification methods on energy storage mechanisms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mob grazing is a nature-based solution to boost sustainable livestock productivity by optimising pasture management. It is already used widely in North America, and is now also receiving increased ...attention in the United Kingdom. In spite of this, its implementation by British farmers has so far remained largely unexplored. To close this gap, we studied how and why mob grazing is being adopted by British pasture-fed beef farmers. Field-level grazing management information was collected on 15 farms and analysed using cluster analysis and ordination analysis, showing the diversity of practices and establishing a gradient of mob grazing implementation. Farmer interviews explored general farming context, and rationale and motivations underpinning each farmer's grazing approach. Four main rotational approaches were identified at the field level: (1) conventional non-mob stocking by farmers still in the initial stages of discovering mob grazing; (2) mob stocking, involving reduced grazing duration at increased stocking densities, with pasture rest periods similar to those used in rotational non-mob stocking; (3) mob grazing, involving similar stocking densities as in mob stocking, but allowing for longer rest periods; and based on one early adopter of mob grazing practices in our sample (4) intensive mob grazing using very high stocking densities and frequent cattle movement, allowing for even longer rest periods. Interviews revealed the shift to mob grazing as a gradual process of farmer adaptation, involving the need to overcome constraints such as fencing and water access. Some early adopters amongst our sample of farmers observed various benefits to sustainability of livestock production, soil and ecosystem health, and animal health. We found much variation across farms, partly due to farmers adopting mob grazing gradually. Also, many farmers in our sample, in varying degree, were influenced by holistic grazing approaches. The ‘systems’ basis underlying such approaches, and variation in mob grazing implementation, mean that interdisciplinary and longer-term investigations may be most appropriate for exploring mob grazing effects. This is also illustrated by a case study involving long-term data from one intensively mob grazed farm.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In questo paper propongo due pratiche di artivismo nate nel XXI secolo: il flash mob ambientalista e il “teatro di paesaggio” del collettivo di ricerca Dom. Scelgo come metodo di analisi la teoria ...della performance elaborata da Turner e Schechner in cui essa è forma espressiva, nonché strumento di analisi del sociale. Vorrei evidenziare come queste“alleanze di corpi” nello spazio (Butler 2017) usino strategie estetiche, reminiscenze del teatro agit prop e di guerrilla (Milohnić 2005; Loewe 2015) e si alleino ai nuovi media diventando delle smart mob. L’intento di accostare queste azioni al “teatro di paesaggio” di Dom intende mettere in luce “gli usi politici del teatro”(De Marinis 2020) perché in queste performance “simpoietiche”(Haraway 2020) i co-creatori dell’opera sono le forze animali, vegetali e atmosferiche in gradodi ridimensionare e ricollocare l’umano, istanza comune all’attivismo ambientalista.
Two-dimensional (2D) MoB metal borides (MoB MBene) have attracted much attention due to their fascinating properties and functional applications. So far, work on the synthesis of 2D MoB nanosheets by ...acid or alkaline etching of MoAlB has not been very successful. It has been proposed that the 2D MoB MBene may be fabricated by chemical etching of a Mo2AlB2 precursor, but further investigations were not performed possibly due to the difficult preparation of the metastable Mo2AlB2 compound at high temperatures by solid-state reactions. Here, we report on the successful synthesis of the Mo2AlB2 compound and 2D MoB nanosheets by the deintercalation of Al from MoAlB through a ZnCl2 molten salt etching approach at relatively low temperatures. The influence of etching temperature, etching time, and starting mixtures on the formation of desirable phases have been investigated. A pure Mo2AlB2 compound was synthesized at temperatures below 600 ℃, while the 2D MoB MBene nanosheets were obtained at 700 ℃ through the molten salt etching of MoAlB. In addition, the present work further confirms that the MoB MBene can be prepared by etching the as-synthesized Mo2AlB2 precursor in LiF–HCl solution. Our work demonstrates that the molten salt etching is an effective method to prepare 2D MoB MBene.
MBene, a layered metal boride similar to MXene, has garnered significant attention in recent times. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding their structure and ...properties, necessitating further research and investigation. In this study, theoretical calculations were employed first to study the binding energy, band structures and density of states of three MBenes, namely MoB, MgB2, and ZrB2, providing insights into their electronic characteristics. In addition, open circuit voltage (OCV) and adsorption energy were also conducted using the three MBenes as cathode materials for zinc ion batteries, indicating their low ion migration barrier and potential in energy storage application. Subsequently, MoB, MgB2, and ZrB2 were experimentally synthesized using etching or exfoliation method and utilized as cathode materials for zinc ion batteries. Results demonstrates that the specific capacity of MoB is 60 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1. Systematic investigation including kinetics simulation and ex situ XRD suggests the cation insertion mechanism of the MoB electrodes. Building upon these findings, attempts were made to enhance the performance of MoB through the incorporation of 1 T-MoS2 composites, urea molecular intercalation. Notably, the modified composite exhibited a specific capacity exceeding 150 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, with a stable Coulombic efficiency of 100% after 100 cycles. This study provides novel directions and insights for the research of MBene in the context of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
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•Theoretical calculations indicate the low ion migration barrier of MBenes.•MoB, MgB2, and ZrB2 were synthesized and utilized as cathode materials.•Ex-situ XRD and kinetic simulations indicate the Zn2+ insertion mechanism of MoB.•Performance is enhanced via urea intercalation and 1 T-MoS2 composites.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Collective vigilantism, group violence to punish perceived offenses to a community, is both global and common in the contemporary world. It is also crucial for understanding state formation, ...contestation, crime, law and justice, inequality, and racial and ethnic conflicts. We review existing definitions and explanations for collective vigilantism, present a new typology of collective vigilantism that considers both the aims and level of organization of participating agents, and highlight important patterns that emerge from recent research, including the contributions to this special symposium. We present an argument for what a political science treatment of the topic can offer and introduce an ambitious research agenda that builds on cross-cutting themes and puzzles that emerge from the special symposium.
As the present history reminds us, the idea of the people is as dangerous as it is problematic. Lawrence was of his generation and rather exhibits than solves the problems of thinking of human beings ...in collective terms. This is especially evident when it involves thinking in terms of race. I propose to look at a number of essays and fictions in the light of this question: Preface to Touch and Go, “Education of the People,” The Plumed Serpent, “England, my England,” and “The Woman who Rode Away.” I suggest that the understanding of collective experience may be taken as a matter of literal, causal psychology or as what Fredric Jameson calls “national allegory” and which he finds exemplified in a number of late twentieth-century novelists from around the world. Whatever Lawrence’s own understanding, these later writers provide a model for how we could now read his work.
Methane (CH4) mitigation of biocovers or biofilters for landfills is influenced by the bed material and oxygen availability. The improvement of active aeration for the CH4 oxidation efficiency of ...biochar-amended landfill soil cover was investigated over a period of 101 days. There were column 1 as the control group, column 2 with biochar amending the soil cover, and column 3 with daily active aeration besides the same biochar amendment. All groups were inoculated with enriched methane oxidation bacteria (MOB). The average CH4 removal efficiency was up to 78.6%, 85.2% and 90.6% for column 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The depth profiles of CH4 oxidation efficiencies over the whole period also showed that the stimulation of CH4 oxidation by biochar amendment was apparent in the top 35 cm but became very faint after two months. This probably was due to the rapid depletion of nitrogen nutrition caused by enhanced methanotrophic activities. While through aeration, CH4 oxidation efficiency was further improved for column 3 than column 2. This enhancement also lasted for the whole period with a reduced decline of CH4 oxidation. Finally, the major MOB Methylocystis, commonly found in the three columns, were most abundant in the top 35 cm for column 3. A more balanced ratio of MOB and more homogeneous microbial community structures across different soil depths were also the results of active aeration.
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•Active aeration was operated for biochar-amended landfill soil cover (LSC).•Average CH4 removal efficiency was 90.6% for biochar-amended and aerated LSC.•Active aeration enhanced and prolonged the stimulation of biochar amendment.•Active aeration resulted in more abundant and balanced MOB in the top 35 cm.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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