Application of Monte Carlo method was proposed by the author for the calculations of recoil nucleus spectra on high-energy nuclear reactions, in which velocity distributions were integrated over ...3-dimensional space with taking into account multi-particle emissions. It was implemented in a nuclear reaction model code CCONE. The results of double differential cross sections of recoil nuclei from a proton induced reaction on
12
C were compared with the experimental data and the results of a Monte Carlo simulation code PHITS. It was found that the present results showed reasonably good agreements with the experimental data for almost all measured recoil nuclei. The results were also compared with the data of evaluated nuclear data libraries of ENDF/B-VIII.0 and TENDL-2017. While the average energies of the recoil nuclei were similar, significant differences were observed in the energy distributions.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
•Production cross-sections of 59Co(α,2n)61Cu, 58Ni(α,p)61Cu, 60Ni(d,n)61Cu and 64Zn(p,α)61Cu are selected for evaluation.•Data were renormalized based on the latest decay data and monitor ...reactions.•SOK code combined with least-squares method was applied to the corrected data.•Evaluated data with covariance matrix are generated and report herein.•The various production routes of 61Cu were compared, and recommended excitation functions were derived.
Production cross-sections of 61Cu, a promising radionuclide for PET imaging applications, were evaluated for the light-ion-induced nuclear reactions on Co, Ni, Zn targets. Simultaneous Evaluation on KALMAN (SOK) code combined with least squares concept was used to obtain the evaluated data together with covariances. The various production routes of 61Cu were compared, and recommended excitation functions were derived using a well-defined statistical procedure. The evaluated data were also compared with the predictions of the nuclear reaction model codes TALYS and EMPIRE, and found a partial agreement among them. This study indicates that the 60Ni(d,n)61Cu reaction is the method of choice for 61Cu production; however, the 58Ni(α,p)61Cu and 59Co(α,2n)61Cu reactions also appears to have great potential.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The risk of algal blooms in landscape water bodies replenished by reclaimed water (RW) prompted the scientific management of RW discharge issues. Mathematical models are concise and convincing ...methods to stimulate algal growth and calculate thresholds for water quality control. This study presented three types of models, including one-parameter models, multiple-parameter models, and ecosystem dynamic models. Key influencing factors (such as nutrient concentration, light intensity, temperature, biotic processes, specific hydraulic conditions, etc.) are taken into consideration in these models. The work provided feasible methods for the management of reclaimed water to prevent water bloom outbreaks.
•Determination of the water quality threshold by model calculation were summarized.•One-parameter, multiple-parameter, and ecosystem dynamic models were the main types.•The examples were introduced to verify the reliability of models for blooms control.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Solid/ liquid interaction strongly depends, among other things, on the chemical and physical properties of fluids, therefore, there are unexploited analytical possibilities in investigating the ...surface wetting and evaporation behavior. Strongly hydrophobic rough surface thin films were prepared by spray-coating a fluoropolymer film with incorporated layered double oxide (LDO) microparticles. We studied the evaporation of ethanol–water mixtures from the low energy (8.4 ± 2.6 mJ/m2) composite surfaces by simultaneous high-speed visible imaging, infrared imaging and weight loss monitoring. The wetting behavior changed from Cassie's wetting mode (pure water) to Wenzel's (pure ethanol) as a function of solvent composition. The vaporization process could be divided into three stages described by constant evaporate rates and the heat transfer coefficient between the studied layer and water is KT = 1768 W/(m2K). We have found strong correlations between parameters of the measured evaporation profiles and certain physical properties of the solvents. It is possible to estimate the viscosity, the boiling point, or the surface tension of a studied liquid merely from the total evaporation time. This novel solvent identification method can serve as a new application field for such low energy hybrid surfaces.
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•Hydrophobic fluoropolymer film roughened by ZnMgAl-LDO microparticles was prepared.•Wetting, spreading and evaporation of ethanol-water mixtures were studied.•Wetting modes were assigned: Cassie's mode to water and Wenzel's mode to ethanol.•Characteristics of the evaporation and properties of the solvents are correlated.•Solvent identification is a new application field for low energy hybrid surfaces.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We synthesize siloxane-urethane copolymer aqueous dispersions by using hydroxypropyl terminated polydimethysiloxane (HAS) and hydrohxypolyester terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PES) as siloxane ...monomers and dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) as intrachain emulsifier. The stable dispersions have the average sizes from 24 to 59 nm dependent on the reaction conditions. From the dispersions, the transparent films with the improved hydrophobicity are prepared. The water contacting angels of these films are enhanced by increasing the siloxane contents. In order to reveal the influences of the different chemical structures of siloxane, these films are also investigated about the UV-vis spectrum, tensile property, topography, and glass transition. It is obtained that the use of PES can obtain the films with better light transmission, around 95%. It is observed by atom force microscope that the as-synthesized siloxane-urethane copolymer films display less phase separation, agreeing well with the high transparency. Moreover, the rheological tests and model calculations are carried out to illustrate the effects of DMPA concentrations on the viscosities and correlation to the dispersion particle sizes. The as-synthesized aqueous nanodispersions promise to be used for the transparent coatings of hydrophobicity.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Materials processing with ultrashort laser pulses is one of the most important approaches when it comes to machining with very high accuracy. High pulse repetition rates and high average laser power ...can be used to attain high productivity. By tightly focusing the laser beam, the irradiances on the workpiece can exceed 10
W/cm
, and thus cause usually unwanted X-ray emission. Pulsed laser processing of micro holes exhibits two typical features: a gradual increase in the irradiated surface within the hole and, with this, a decrease in the local irradiance. This and the shielding by the surrounding material diminishes the amount of ionizing radiation emitted from the process; therefore, both effects lead to a reduction in the potential X-ray exposure of an operator or any nearby person. The present study was performed to quantify this self-shielding of the X-ray emission from laser-drilled micro holes. Percussion drilling in standard air atmosphere was investigated using a laser with a wavelength of 800 nm a pulse duration of 1 ps, a repetition rate of 1 kHz, and with irradiances of up to 1.1·10
W/cm. The X-ray emission was measured by means of a spectrometer. In addition to the experimental results, we present a model to predict the expected X-ray emission at different angles to the surface. These calculations are based on raytracing simulations to obtain the local irradiance, from which the local X-ray emission inside the holes can be calculated. It was found that the X-ray exposure measured in the surroundings strongly depends on the geometry of the hole and the measuring direction, as predicted by the theoretical model.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The cross sections for (n,x) reactions on samarium isotopes were measured at (d-T) neutron energies of 13.5 and 14.8 MeV with the activation technique. Samples were activated along with Nb and Al ...monitor foils to determine the incident neutron flux. Theoretical calculations of excitation functions were performed using the nuclear model codes TALYS-1.6 and EMPIRE-3.2 Malta with default parameters, at neutron energies varying from the reaction threshold to 20 MeV. The results were discussed and compared with experimental data found in the literature. At neutron energies 13.5 and 14.8 MeV, the cross sections of the
Sm(n,p)
Pm reaction are reported for the first time. The cross sections of the
Sm(n,p)
Pm,
Sm(n,p)
Pm,
Sm(n,
Nd and
Sm(n,
Nd reactions at different neutron energies reported in the present work can be added as new data in the nuclear databases.
Ссылка для цитирования: Китов Е.С., Ерофеев В.И.Технологические параметры процесса для эффективной абсорбционной осушки природного газа от влаги с помощью диэтиленгликоля // Известия Томского ...политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2023. – Т. 334. – № 2. – С. 217-223.
Актуальность. Добыча природного газа и попутных нефтяных газов сопровождается необходимой подготовкой газа для поставки потребителю для коммерческого использования. В частности, на месторождениях газа и нефти применяются отделение всех побочных гомологов метана, влаги и других неуглеводородных соединений, входящих в состав попутных нефтяных газов, ухудшающих условия эксплуатации оборудования и понижающих качество исходного сырья. При постоянно растущей степени обводненности газовых и нефтяных месторождений необходимо поступательное развитие технологических методов подготовки газа, в том числе одного из наиболее распространенных в РФ – абсорбционного метода осушки природного и попутных нефтяных газов от примесей воды. Цель: обосновать применение диэтиленгликоля как наиболее эффективного абсорбента в условиях Крайнего Севера при подготовке природного газа. Объект: установка комплексной подготовки природного газа. Метод. Расчет модели установки комплексной подготовки газа произведен в программном комплексе UniSim Design R470. Результаты. Исследовано влияние основных технологических параметров: температуры, давления процесса абсорбционной осушки природного газа на абсорбенте диэтиленгликоль на установке подготовки газа для удаления примесей воды. Определены оптимальные условия по давлению и температуре для эффективного удаления влаги из природного газа методом абсорбции воды диэтиленгликолем при высоком давлении входного сырья. Показано, что применение абсорбента диэтиленгликоля наиболее эффективно в условиях Крайнего Севера. При использовании диэтиленгликоля в качестве абсорбента для осушки природного газа от воды при низких температурах значительно уменьшаются энергозатраты на компримирование газа, его охлаждение перед абсорбером и расход осушителя по сравнению с другими абсорбентами. Определены наиболее эффективные технологические параметры работы абсорбционной установки по осушке природного газа при концентрации диэтиленгликоля 98 % мас. и расходе сырого природного газа 385 тыс. м³/ч. Диэтиленгликоль уже при температуре контакта 19 °С осушает газ до регламентируемых показателей температуры точки росы минус 20 °С и давлении в установке подготовки газа не менее 4 МПа и выше. Напротив, превышение температуры контакта газ–диэтиленгликоль выше 20 °С и снижение давления менее 4 МПа приводит к значительному повышению энергозатрат, уносу абсорбента диэтиленгликоля и ухудшению экономических показателей процесса осушки природного газа от примесей воды.
As an acoustic metamaterial, Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can absorb sound energy abnormally. In this research, a thin and flexible acoustic material was prepared by growing MOF on the fabric. The ...successful growth of MIL-53(Fe) on the fiber surface was confirmed by SEM, FTIR, XRD and XPS. From the sound absorption and sound insulation test results of MIL-53(Fe)@fabric, the in-situ growth of MIL-53(Fe) greatly improves the sound absorption and sound insulation performance of the fabric, and gives the fabric an abnormal acoustic effect. From the calculation results of the theoretical model, the growth of the sub-wavelength scale MIL-53(Fe) significantly increases the flow resistance of the fabric, which is the root cause of the abnormal sound absorption of the material. It is worth noting that the sound transmission loss of the prepared flexible material doesn’t follow the mass law and exhibits excellent sound insulation performance. This is not only related to the increase in the sound energy reflected by the fabric, but also to the abnormal sound absorption of MIL-53(Fe). Here, the sound insulation performance of MOFs@fabric is reported for the first time. This work promotes the research and application of MOFs in the field of acoustics, and provides a method and theoretical basis for the design and preparation of acoustic protection textiles.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Relevance. The extraction of natural and associated petroleum gases is accompanied by the necessary gas preparation for delivery to the consumer for commercial use. In particular, in gas and oil ...fields, the separation of all side homologues of methane, moisture and other non-hydrocarbon compounds that are part of associated petroleum gases, which worsen the operating conditions of equipment and lower the quality of the feedstock, are used. With the ever-increasing degree of water cut in gas and oil fields, it is necessary to progressively develop technological methods for gas treatment, including one of the most common in the Russian Federation – the absorption method of drying natural and associated petroleum gases from water impurities. Purpose: to substantiate the use of diethylene glycol in preparation of natural gas, as the most effective absorbent in the Far North. Object: complex natural gas treatment unit. Method. The calculation of the model of the complex gas treatment unit was carried out in the UniSim Design R470 software package. Results. The influence of the main technological parameters: temperature, pressure of absorption drying of natural gas on the absorbent diethylene glycol at the gas treatment plant for the removal of water impurities is investigated. The optimal pressure and temperature conditions for effective removal of moisture from natural gas by the method of water absorption by diethylene glycol at high pressure of the input raw material are determined. It is shown that the use of diethylene glycol absorbent is most effective in the conditions of the Far North. When diethylene glycol is used as an absorbent for drying natural gas from water at low temperatures, the energy consumption for gas compression, its cooling in front of the absorber, and the consumption of the dryer are significantly reduced compared to other absorbents. The most effective technological parameters of the operation of an absorption plant for drying natural gas at a diethylenglykol concentration of 98 % wt. and raw natural gas consumption of 385 thousand m³/h were determined. Diethylenglykol already at a contact temperature of 19 °C dries the gas to the regulated dew point temperature of minus 20 °C and pressure in the gas treatment unit of at least 4 MPa and above. On the contrary, exceeding the gas–diethylenglykol contact temperature above 20 °С and lowering the pressure below 4 MPa lead to a significant increase in energy consumption, the entrainment of the diethylene glycol absorbent and the deterioration of the economic indicators of the natural gas drying from water impurities.
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