Climate change is impacting surficial geomorphic processes, especially in sensitive areas such as the sub-Arctic. One of the most common examples involves landslides, which often develop in ...glacio-isostatically raised marine clays in northeastern Canada. One of these sites, an expansive area of complex landslide terrain located at the mouth of the Great Whale River in Nunavik, has already been studied due to its age and morphology. We present new data, based on the multidisciplinary research including geomorphic, dendrochronological, and hydroclimatological analyses, allowing us to determine how contemporary climate change has affected landslide reactivation during the last 80 years. Our research included collecting 60 cores from Picea glauca trees, growing on the marginal zone of a landslide deposit, as well as from a reference site. The tilted trees formed eccentric growth-ring patterns, which provided us with reliable dates on the landslide events. In addition to these dendrochronological data, we studied these landslides using repeated aerial photography, which showed changes in river channel constrictions in the period 1969–2019. Based on the eccentricity index of the tree ring data, we recognized disturbance events due to landslides. We compared these data with the hydroclimatological conditions and found clearly visible correlations between heavy rainfall and discharge (>95th percentile) of the Great Whale River. The increased landslide activity over the past several years can be linked to an increase in extreme summertime rainfall events. Increased landslide activity poses a real threat, through its input of large amounts of fine-grained sediment to the river, causing it to narrow.
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•Landslides are common phenomena in marine clay sediments in sub-Arctic areas.•Multiproxy method allows for reliable reconstruction of landslide activity.•Tree-ring records show the occurrence of landslide reactivation over the last 80 yrs.•High discharges and increase in summer extreme rainfall events trigger landslide.•Gained records contribute to a better recognition of landslide processes in sub-Arctic.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Measurements of acceleration of a person’s body segment by wearable MoCap system is one of the most important tool to investigate a movement activity. However, the aim of our study is to assess the ...ability of the trunk movement activity assessment by non-linear method to identify and differences in traffic density and hours of shift work. Poincaré plot with five minute intervals in four hour length data was used to calculate the standard deviations SD1 and SD2. Also, air traffic density with five minute intervals in four hour length data was calculated. The results show that SD1 reflects the short-term variability, and SD2 reflects both short-term and long-term variability. The statistically significant differences found on SD1 values of different hours is the most important finding and indicates that the short-term variability of trunk movement activity is changing during hours of shift work. On the other hand, the traffic density does not have influence on SD. An explanation for this is that motion activity does not change with higher workload, but longer work activity does. Therefore, these findings and the proposed method can be used to optimize the duration of work shifts and working breaks of Air Defense Staff members.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background
Increasing levels of urbanization and digitization in Bangladesh may be adversely associated with children's weight status and related movement behaviors. This study examined the ...prevalence of obesity, physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep among young children from a district town in northern Bangladesh and identified factors associated with unhealthy weight status.
Methods
Population‐based cross‐sectional study involving all kindergarten schools in Jamalpur District town. Schools and children aged 4–7 years were randomly selected and had their weight and height measured. Mothers completed a questionnaire on their child's PA, recreational screen time, and sleep and sociodemographic factors. Children's weight status was based on World Health Organization (WHO) categories. Meeting the PA recommendation was based on the WHO guidelines for children and adolescents, and meeting the sedentary behavior and sleep recommendations was based on the Canadian/Australian 24‐hour movement guidelines for children and young people.
Results
A total of 585 children and their parents were included in the study. Overall, 15% of children were overweight or obese. Three‐quarters of children met the sleep guideline, and 50% met the PA guideline. Less than one third of children (31%) met the recreational screen time guideline, whereas 15% met all three guidelines. However, when adjusted for all predictors in the model, maternal education, family income, and child's age were significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Children with higher maternal education level were 2.3 times (AOR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.19–4.78) more likely to be overweight/obese. Children in families with a higher monthly income had 1.9 times (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.35) higher risk of being overweight/obese.
Conclusions
Prioritizing maternal education (mother‐centric interventions) can help address the high levels of childhood obesity in Bangladesh.
1. The proportion of children from an urban area in Bangladesh who were overweight or obese was
14%. 2. Less than one third (∼31 %) of children met the sedentary screen time guideline 3. Children with a higher level of maternal education and higher family income were more likely to be
overweight/obese 4. Our findings can inform interventions and public health policies to reduce the increasing levels of child obesity in Bangladesh
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
The aim of this study was to assess, with numerical simulations, if the complex mechanism of two (or more) interacting spinal/supraspinal structures generating periodic leg movements can be ...modelled with a single‐generator approach. For this, we have developed the first phenomenological model to generate periodic leg movements in‐silico. We defined the onset of a movement in one leg as the firing of a neuron integrating excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the central nervous system, while the duration of the movement was defined in accordance to statistical evidence. For this study, polysomnographic leg movement data from 32 subjects without periodic leg movements and 65 subjects with periodic leg movements were used. The proportion of single‐leg and double‐leg inputs, as well as their strength and frequency, were calibrated on the without periodic leg movements dataset. For periodic leg movements subjects, we added a periodic excitatory input common to both legs, and the distributions of the generator period and intensity were fitted to their dataset. Besides the many simplifying assumptions – the strongest being the stationarity of the generator processes during sleep – the model‐simulated data did not differ significantly, to a large extent, from the real polysomnographic data. This represents convincing preliminary support for the validity of our single‐generator model for periodic leg movements. Future model extensions will pursue the ambitious project of a supportive diagnostic and therapeutic tool, helping the specialist with realistic forecasting, and with cross‐correlations and clustering with other patient meta‐data.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Populations experiencing negligible predation pressure are expected to evolve higher behavioral activity. However, when sexes have different expected benefits from high activity, the ...adaptive shift is expected to be sex-specific. Here, we compared movement activity of one cave (lack of predation) and three adjacent surface (high and diverse predation) populations of Asellus aquaticus, a freshwater isopod known for its independent colonization of several caves across Europe. We predicted 1) higher activity in cave than in surface populations, with 2) the difference being more pronounced in males as they are known for active mate searching behavior, while females are not. Activity was assessed both in the presence and absence of light. Our results supported both predictions: movement activity was higher in the cave than in the surface populations, particularly in males. Relaxed predation pressure in the cave-adapted population is most likely the main selective factor behind increased behavioral activity, but we also showed that the extent of increase is sex-specific.
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•Oculocutaneous albinism is associated with physiological limitations.•Stressed albino catfish displayed higher movement and ventilatory frequencies.•Albinos more often changed ...swimming directions compared to pigmented individuals.•Blood plasma of stressed albinos showed higher values of, e.g., glucose and lactate.•Stress induced responses of albinos were stronger compared to pigmented fish.
Oculocutaneous albinism is the result of a combination of homozygous recessive mutations that block the synthesis of the tyrosine and melatonin hormones. This disability is associated with physiological limitations, e.g., visual impairment expressed by lower visual acuity and movement perception, and eventually leads to acrophobia and/or photophobia, suggesting a potentially higher stress level associated with the behavioral responses of individuals with albinism to external stimuli compared to their pigmented conspecifics. However, in fish, differences in behavioral and/or physiological responses and stress levels between these phenotypes have been poorly documented. While acoustic perception of albino individuals is well known, the use of olfactory sensors for social communication, e.g., for the preference for familiar conspecifics, remains poorly understood. We performed two laboratory experiments with albino and pigmented European catfish Silurus glanis to observe: i) their behavioral and physiological responses to short-term stress induced by a combination of air exposure and novel environmental stressors and ii) their ability to use odor keys to recognize of familiar conspecifics and the influence of lateralization on this preference. In response to stress stimuli, albino fish showed higher movement activities and ventilatory frequencies and more often changed their swimming directions compared to their pigmented conspecifics. Blood plasma analysis showed significantly higher values of stress-, deprivation-, and emotional arousal-associated substances, e.g., glucose and lactate, as well as of substances released during intensive muscle activity of hyperventilation and tissue hypoxia, e.g., hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, erythrocytes, and neutrophil granulocytes. A preference test between environments with and without scented water showed the preference by both albino and pigmented catfish for environments with scent of familiar conspecifics, and both groups of fish displayed left-side lateralization associated with the observation of conspecifics and group coordination. The results tended to show higher physiological and behavioral responses of albinos to stress stimuli compared to the responses of their pigmented conspecifics, but the uses of olfactory sensors and lateralization were not differentiated between the two groups.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background and Aim: Movement activity sensors are known for their potential to boost the reproductive performance of dairy cows. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these sensors on three Thai ...dairy farms (MK, NF, and CC), each using different sensor brands. We focused on reproductive performance at these farms and expanded our evaluation to include farmer satisfaction with sensor technology on five farms (MK, NF, CC, AP, and IP), allowing for a thorough analysis of both operational outcomes and user feedback. Materials and Methods: A total of 298 lactation records and interviewing five experienced farm owners with over a year of sensor usage were our research methods. To measure the effect on the first service timing and post-parturition pregnancy rates, Cox regression models were utilized for sensor usage. Results: Biosensors’ implementation enhanced data precision while quickening the first service within 100 days and pregnancy within 200 days. The MK and NF farms showed significant progress. Within 100 and 200 days post-implementation, the overall improvement was 30%–34% in the first service rate and 39%–67% in the conception rate across all assessed farms. Farmers acknowledged improved reproductive performance from the sensors, overcoming language barriers. Conclusion: The study highlighted the advantages of using movement activity sensors in enhancing both cattle reproductive success and farmers’ satisfaction on Thai dairy farms. These sensors led to more accurate management decisions, increasing overall farm productivity. Keywords: dairy cattle, movement activity sensors, reproductive performance.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
To evaluate the effects of bupropion on periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) and chin electromyography tone in children taking it for their mood disorder, compared to the effects of selective ...serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and of bupropion combined with SSRIs.
Six adolescents (aged 16.0 ± 0.63 years) taking bupropion alone and 6 adolescents (aged 15.9 ± 1.36 years) taking bupropion in combination with an SSRI antidepressant were recruited, along with 10 adolescents (aged 16.2 ± 0.2 years) taking different SSRIs, and they were also enrolled together with 17 age- and sex-matched control patients (aged 15.5 ± 1.26 years). Polysomnographic studies were obtained, and participants' leg movement activity during sleep and muscle tone were assessed quantitatively (atonia index) during all sleep stages.
Participants taking SSRIs showed PLMS indices significantly higher than those of control patients, whereas adolescents taking bupropion showed only slightly increased indexes of nonperiodic leg movements during sleep. No differences in PLMS were observed between adolescents taking bupropion alone or in association with SSRIs. The atonia index showed, within each sleep stage, the lowest values in the 2 groups taking SSRIs and the highest in the control patients; adolescents taking bupropion alone tended to show values slightly smaller than those of the control patients.
We found that similar to adults, in adolescents SSRIs but not bupropion are associated with increased PLMS. Bupropion also seems to counteract the SSRI-induced increase of PLMS, when administered in combination; thus, the dopaminergic effect of bupropion seems to outmatch the antidopaminergic action of SSRIs. Conversely, bupropion does not counteract the effects of SSRIs on chin electromyography tone.
DelRosso LM, Mogavero MP, Fickensher A, Bruni O, Schenck CH, Ferri R. Effects of bupropion and SSRI antidepressants on leg movement activity and chin muscle tone during sleep in adolescents.
2023;19(1):151-161.
To test the hypothesis that children taking trazodone have less leg movements during sleep (LMS) and higher rapid eye movement (REM) sleep atonia than children taking selective serotonin reuptake ...inhibitors (SSRIs) but more than normal controls.
Fifteen children (9 girls and 6 boys, mean age 11.7 years, standard deviation SD 3.42) taking trazodone (median dosage 50 mg/d, range 25-200 mg) for insomnia and 19 children (11 girls and 8 boys, mean age 13.7 years, SD 3.07) taking SSRIs for depression, anxiety, or both were consecutively recruited, as well as an age- and sex-matched group of 25 control children (17 girls and 8 boys, mean age 13.7 years, SD 3.11). LMS were scored and a series of parameters was calculated, along with the analysis of their time structure. The Atonia Index was then computed for each non-REM sleep stage and for REM sleep.
Children taking trazodone exhibited slightly higher leg movement indices than controls but lower than those found in children taking SSRIs and their time structure was different. Chin electromyogram atonia in all sleep stages was not significantly altered in children taking trazodone but was decreased in children taking SSRIs, especially during non-REM sleep.
In children, SSRIs but not trazodone are associated with a significantly increased number of LMS, including periodic LMS, and increased chin tone in all sleep stages. The assessment of periodic limb movement disorder and REM sleep without atonia might not be accurate when children are taking SSRIs because of their significant impact.
DelRosso LM, Mogavero MP, Bruni O, Schenck CH, Fickenscher A, Ferri R. Trazodone affects periodic leg movements and chin muscle tone during sleep less than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in children.
. 2022;18(12):2829-2836.
•High-dose METH after low-dose METH pre-administration increases movement.•High-dose METH increases neural activity in the striatum.•High-dose METH increases VGLUT2 and GAD67 expression in the ...striatum.
Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerful stimulant drug of abuse, with potent addictive and neurotoxic properties. In this study, the effects of low-dose METH administration prior to high-dose METH administration on movement and neural activity in rats were examined. Rats were administered low-dose (1 mg/kg/day) METH or saline for 5 consecutive days (m5 and s5, respectively), followed by high-dose (10 mg/kg) METH on day 6 (m5M and s5M, respectively). An accelerometer was used to evaluate the frequency of movement when rats were placed in a cage for 30 min. The expression of c-fos, a neuronal activity marker, in the striatum was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Striatal protein expression of neuronal markers, including vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), and the glial marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was analyzed by western blot. Accelerometer counts and the numbers of c-fos-positive cells in the striatum were significantly higher in the m5M than in the s5, m5, and s5M groups. The expression levels of VGLUT2 and GAD67, but not those of TH, TPH2, or GFAP, were significantly higher in the m5M than in the s5M group. These results suggest that pre-administration of low-dose METH prior to high-dose METH administration in rats may alter excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the striatum, thereby affecting movement and neural activity in rats.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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