Harnessing demographic differences in organizations GUILLAUME, YVES R.F.; DAWSON, JEREMY F.; OTAYE-EBEDE, LILIAN ...
Journal of organizational behavior,
February 2017, Volume:
38, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
To account for the double-edged nature of demographic workplace diversity (i.e,. relational demography, work group diversity, and organizational diversity) effects on social integration, performance, ...and well-being-related variables, research has moved away from simple main effect approaches and started examining variables that moderate these effects. While there is no shortage of primary studies of the conditions under which diversity leads to positive or negative outcomes, it remains unclear which contingency factors make it work. Using the Categorization-Elaboration Model as our theoretical lens, we review variables moderating the effects of workplace diversity on social integration, performance, and well-being outcomes, focusing on factors that organizations and managers have control over (i.e., strategy, unit design, human resource, leadership, climate/culture, and individual differences). We point out avenues for future research and conclude with practical implications.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Populist radical right‐wing's rhetoric often includes a reference to the nation's past when everything was supposed to be better. This runs from considered heroic times of the country in terms of war ...victory and economic grandeur to an idealized past which fits the ideology of nativism, meaning that a homogeneous society is preferred over a multicultural one. In this contribution, we study to what extent voters for the radical right indeed differ from voters of other party families in their pride in the nation's history. We compare this to other forms of domain‐dependent national pride. Earlier studies suggested that not only nostalgia differentiates the radical right electorate from others, but that other positive attitudes in relation to the nation may do so as well. Making use of the International Social Survey Program data on national identity, we study domain‐dependent national pride across European nations to answer whether it is pride in the nation's history that characterizes radical right voters when accounting for other dimensions of national attitudes.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In many countries, individuals who have represented the majority group historically are decreasing in relative size and/or perceiving that they have diminished status and power compared with those ...self-identifying as immigrants or members of ethnic minority groups. These developments raise several salient and timely issues, including (a) how majority-group members’ cultural orientations change as a consequence of increasing intercultural contact due to shifting demographics; (b) what individual, group, cultural, and socio-structural processes shape these changes; and (c) what the implications of majority-group members’ acculturation are. Although research across several decades has examined the acculturation of individuals self-identifying as minority-group members, much less is known about how majority-group members acculturate in increasingly diverse societies. We present an overview of the state of the art in the emerging field of majority-group acculturation, identify what is known and needs to be known, and introduce a conceptual model to guide future research.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This article excavates the Eurocentric roots of Iranian nationalist discourse, which emerged from the political and intellectual trajectories of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Premised on ...the epistemic privilege of the Persian language, a selective remembrance of the past, and forging an internal Other, I contend that this raciolinguistic ideology equated Persianness with Iranianness and naturalised Persian as both a language and a race. I begin by tracing the origin of Iranianness or Irāniyat: a concept coined by Mirza Fath'Ali Akhundzadeh and Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani, two influential figures in late Qajar Iran, whose writings introduced and disseminated the Eurocentric and Orientalist view of the non‐Persian Other. In the second section, I examine how the Berlin Circle, a group of Iranian nationalist intellectuals in the early 20th century, elaborated these ideas into a coherent racial and political ideology that later informed the Pahlavis' state‐building project in 1925. The last section of the article engages with the recent neologism of the ‘Persianate World’, an intellectual enterprise imbued with an Orientalist predisposition that aims to inscribe a trans‐border and transcultural quality to Persian culture far beyond its current boundaries, encompassing Eurasia and Central Asia.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In the field of counseling and clinical psychology, the last several decades have been characterized by a strengthened recognition of the importance of cultural factors in psychotherapy. While this ...has been impactful, there is evidence that racial/ethnic disparities in psychotherapy outcomes persist. Cultural ruptures, defined as subtle misattunements impacting the therapeutic alliance, may play a role in maintaining these outcome disparities. The present study sought to pilot a practice-oriented method for defining and measuring cultural ruptures, specifically related to race and racism. Four mock counseling videos were created depicting different types of cultural ruptures related to race. In total, 88 white counseling trainees were recruited. Participants recorded themselves responding to cultural rupture videos, and they were asked to self-rate their level of understanding and effectiveness. Coders were trained to rate participants’ levels of cultural comfort, cultural humility (CH), cultural opportunities, and overall effectiveness. Results revealed that cultural ruptures could be reliably coded and measured in this practice-oriented way. Secondly, results suggested that white therapists tend to overestimate their effectiveness in responding to cultural ruptures in comparison to coders. Implications, limitations, and future directions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
496.
Africa’s new cities van Noorloos, Femke; Kloosterboer, Marjan
Urban studies,
05/2018, Volume:
55, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
New private property investments in Africa’s cities are on the rise, and they often take the form of entirely new cities built up from scratch as comprehensively planned self-contained enclaves. As ...these new city-making trajectories are expanding and empirical research is emerging, there is a need to provide more conceptual clarity. We systematically examine the diversity of new cities in Africa; elicit their financial trajectories; and set an agenda for critically examining their actual and expected implications, by learning transnational lessons from debates on gated communities, peri-urban land governance and displacement, and older waves of new city building. Although most new cities are private-led projects, they are inserted into diverse and dynamic political economies with states ranging from developmentalist to neoliberal to absent. The consumptive and supply-driven character of many projects so far (resembling gated communities for middle and higher classes), their insertion into ‘rurban’ spaces with complex land governance arrangements, and their tendency to implement post-democratic private-sector-driven governance will make them at best unsuitable for solving Africa’s urban problems, and at worst they will increase expulsions and enclosures of the poor, public funding injustice and socio-spatial segregation and fragmentation.
非洲城市的新私有房产投资呈上升趋势，其形式往往是从零建造全新城市，成为全面规划的自足式飞地。随着这些新的造城趋势铺展，经验研究涌现，有必要在概念上进一步厘清。我们系统考察了非洲新城市的多样性；得出了它们的财务轨迹；并设定了批判式审视其实际意义和预期意义的日程表，包括借鉴国际学界关于封闭式小区、城市边缘区土地管治和拆迁以及过往造城潮流的争论所得到的经验教训。虽然大多数新城是民营企业主导的，但它们插入了多样化且动态的政治经济格局中，其中政府发挥的作用从开发者，到新自由主义式，到完全缺席，各不相同。目前为止许多项目（类似于面向中产阶级和上流阶层的封闭式小区）都呈现出消费和供给驱动特征；这些项目插入了有着复杂土地管治安排的“城郊”空间；并且它们趋向于实施后民主时代的私营部门驱动式治理。这些都使得它们在最好的情况下也并不适合用于解决非洲的城市问题，而在最糟糕的情况下则会加剧对穷人的排斥和包围、公共资金利用的不公正，以及社会空间的区隔和碎片化。
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Unlike the European Union, several Western countries, multiculturalism is still relevant as it allows to tackle effectively the problem of a multicultural society. Also, the leaders of the CIS ...countries have repeatedly announced their commitment to this ideology. In this paper, based on the experience at Queen's University in Canada, the index of the policy of multiculturalism for the first time was calculated for Kazakhstan, the largest country in the Central Asian region. The policy index of multiculturalism in Kazakhstan allows measuring the level of the democratic system of state policy relating to national minorities and migration.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ensuring that psychological assessments are appropriate and fair for clients from diverse cultures is challenging for most practitioners. When this challenge occurs in a poorly resourced setting ...against a background of social inequality, as is often the case in the South African context, practitioners need to be highly resourceful, as well as culturally sensitive and ethically aware. This article provides tangible suggestions to empower practitioners to address complex issues ranging from multilingualism, English-language proficiency, and multiculturalism to limited material and human resources. Emic assessments remain the gold standard for such contexts but are often not possible. Hence the article describes several approaches that represent departures from traditional methods of assessment, moving more toward narrative and contextual approaches to assessment. In doing so, the article advocates the creation of a set of guidelines for multicultural practice that can assist practitioners and researchers who work in low-resource, multicultural settings. Recommendations are provided in this regard.
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Black faculty members are often expected to engage in diversity initiatives, a drain on their time and resources known as the “minority tax.” But taxes can be reformed, and several strategies could ...help reduce the negative sequelae of the minority tax.
This commentary discusses the claim of Zapata-Barrero that Western countries have historically entered a ‘post multicultural’ phase, in which the emergence of the intercultural policy paradigm must ...be placed. It argues that this claim is mistaken, or at least too imprecise, and a potential danger for any pro-diversity management strategy, including interculturalism. Moreover, it is highlighted that Zapata-Barrero acknowledges that the contrast between intercultural and multicultural strategies has been overstated in the intercultural literature and that they are in fact complementary. For this reason, instead of reaffirming that interculturalism is temporally post multiculturalism, we should work towards creative synthesis of intercultural and multicultural strategies.
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