To identify factors influencing the better and worse changes in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index of patients undergoing conservative treatment for supraspinatus tendon tear.
The study included ...30 patients with supraspinatus tendon tear who underwent conservative treatment. The average duration of intervention was 35.4 days. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index, shoulder range of motion, isometric muscle strength, supraspinatus tendon thickness, thickness of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles, and acromiohumeral interval were assessed before and after the intervention. In the statistical analyses, change in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index was the dependent variable, and the amount of change in each measurement variable before and after the intervention was the independent variable.
The average Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index improved from 1067 at pre-treatment to 997 at post-treatment, but without a significant difference (p = 0.29). A multiple regression analysis revealed that supraspinatus tendon thickness and muscle strength in shoulder external rotation at 90° scaption had a significant effect on the change in the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (R2 = 0.44, p < 0.01).
Supraspinatus tendon thickness and muscle strength in shoulder external rotation at 90° scaption were important factors for the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index score in the early stages of conservative treatment for patients with supraspinatus tendon tear.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE.•The study aimed to identify the factors influencing better and worse clinical outcomes in patients with supraspinatus tear undergoing conservative treatment using multiple regression analysis of changes in physical parameters and medical information before and after the treatment.•The clinical outcomes correlated with supraspinatus tendon thickness and muscle strength in shoulder external rotation at 90° scaption for patients with supraspinatus tear.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The pervasiveness of technical systems in our lives calls for a broad understanding of the interaction between humans and technology. Affinity for technology interaction (ATI) scale measures the ...tendency of a person to actively engage or to avoid interaction with technological systems, including both software and physical devices. This research presents a psychometric analysis of a Finnish version of the ATI scale. The data consisted of 796 responses of students in a Finnish university. The data were analyzed utilizing factor analysis and both nonparametric and parametric item response theory. The Finnish version of the ATI scale proved to be essentially unidimensional, showing high reliability estimates, and forming a strong Mokken scale. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that men had a slightly higher affinity for technology than women when controlling for age and field of study; however the effect size was small.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
There exists serious heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils in China. It is not only time- and labor-intensive to monitor soil contamination, but it also has limited scope when using ...conventional chemical methods. However, the method of the heavy metal monitoring of soil based on vegetation hyperspectral technology can break through the vegetation barrier and obtain the heavy metal content quickly over large areas. This paper discusses a highly accurate method for predicting the soil heavy metal content using hyperspectral techniques. We collected leaf hyperspectral data outdoors, and also collected soil samples to obtain heavy metal content data using chemical analysis. The prediction model for heavy metal content was developed using a difference spectral index, which was not highly satisfactory. Subsequently, the five factors that have a strong influence on the content of heavy metals were analyzed to determine multiple regression models for the elements As, Pb, and Cd. The results showed that the multiple regression model could better estimate the heavy metal content with stable fitting that has high prediction accuracy compared with the linear model. The results of this research provide a scientific basis and technical support for the hyperspectral inversion of the soil heavy metal content.
Meta-analysis is frequently combined with multiple regression or path analysis to examine how the Big Five/Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits relate to work outcomes. A common approach in ...such studies is to construct a synthetic correlation matrix by combining new meta-analyses of FFM-criterion correlations with previously published meta-analytic FFM intercorrelations. Many meta-analytic FFM intercorrelation matrices exist in the literature, with 3 matrices being frequently used in industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology and related fields (i.e., Mount, Barrick, Scullen, & Rounds, 2005; Ones, 1993; van der Linden, te Nijenhuis, & Bakker, 2010). However, it is unknown how the choice of FFM matrix influences study conclusions, why we observe such differences in the matrices, and which matrix researchers and practitioners should use for their specific studies. We conducted 3 studies to answer these questions. In Study 1, we demonstrate that researchers' choice of FFM matrix can substantively alter conclusions from meta-analytic regressions or path analyses. In Study 2, we present a new meta-analysis of FFM intercorrelations using measures explicitly constructed around the FFM and based on employee samples. In Study 3, we systematically explore the sources of differences in FFM intercorrelations using second-order meta-analyses of 44 meta-analytic FFM matrices. We find that personality rating source (self vs. other) and inventory-specific substantive and methodological features are the primary moderators of meta-analytic FFM intercorrelations. Based on the findings from these studies, we provide a framework to guide future researchers in choosing a meta-analytic FFM matrix that is most appropriate for their specific studies, research questions, and contexts.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Identifying the determinants of walking confidence can be crucial in therapeutic terms. On these bases, interventions to improve these factors could improve, in turn, walking confidence. Objective is ...to explore the relationship between motor impairments and activity limitation measures and walking confidence in people with chronic stroke. Walking confidence was assessed using the modified Gait Efficacy Scale. The independent variables were: strength of the hip flexors and knee flexors/extensors (measured with a dynamometer), lower limb coordination (assessed by the Lower Extremity Motor Coordination Test), dynamic balance (assessed by the Four-Square Step Test), walking speed (from the 10-m Walk Test), aerobic capacity (from the 6-Minute Walk Test), and self-perceived locomotion ability (assessed by the ABILOCO). Pearson correlation was used to explore the relationships between the variables, and multiple linear regression to identify the independent explainers of walking confidence after stroke. Ninety chronic stroke individuals (35 men), with a mean age of 68 (SD 13) years were assessed. All independent variables were significantly correlated with walking confidence. Regarding the regression analysis, these measures explained 44% (
F
= 9.21;
P
< 0.001) of the variance in walking confidence; however, only walking speed, strength of the hip flexor muscles, aerobic capacity, and perceived locomotion ability showed significance. All motor impairment and activity limitation measures correlated with walking confidence. However, the regression analysis highlighted that only walking speed, aerobic capacity, the strength of the hip flexor muscles, and perceived locomotion were independent explainers of walking confidence after stroke.
This study aims at developing an efficient and accurate methodology to estimate the resilient modulus of subgrade soils. First, a new resilient modulus model incorporating stress dependence and ...moisture dependence was proposed. Second, prediction models were developed to conveniently and accurately determine model parameters of SWCC and resilient modulus model. In order to characterise the moisture dependence of subgrade soils, the matric suction was added into the proposed model. The matric suction was measured by the pressure plate test and the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) was used to determine the matric suction value at any given moisture contents. In order to develop prediction models for model parameters of SWCC and resilient modulus model, the laboratory experiments and multiple regression analysis were conducted on 22 soil samples. A series of performance-related soil properties were measured and used to develop the coefficients prediction models. The developed coefficients prediction models using the performance-related soil properties have high R-squared values and were validated by comparing the measured and predicted values of resilient modulus. Therefore, when the basic physical properties of soils were obtained, the resilient modulus can be predicted for the subgrade soils at any given matric suctions and stress states.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
► Urban expansion is the strongest contributor for runoff/water yield increase. ► Mesquite invasion into grassland also contributed to runoff change (negative). ► Mesquite invasion is the strongest ...contributor for baseflow/percolation declines. ► Mesquite invasion contributed to ET change (positive). ► Urban expansion contributed to ET change (negative).
The assessment of Landuse and Landcover (LULC) changes on hydrology is essential for the development of sustainable water resource strategies. Specifically, understanding how change in each LULC class influences hydrological components will greatly improve predictability of hydrological consequences to LULC changes and thus can help stakeholders make better decisions. However, given the limited availability of digital LULC maps and simultaneous changes of multiple LULC classes, it is difficult to quantify impacts of change in individual LULC class on hydrology. In this study, an integrated approach of hydrological modeling and multiple regression analysis was applied to quantify contributions of changes for individual LULC classes on changes in hydrological components. As a case study, hydrological modeling was conducted for each of the LULC map in four time periods (1973, 1986, 1992, and 1997) in the upper San Pedro watershed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Changes in hydrological components between two simulations using LULC maps in 1997 and 1973, respectively, were related to changes of LULC in a multiple regression to quantify the effect of changes in LULC to that of hydrological components at the subbasinal scale. While urbanization was the strongest contributor to the increase of surface runoff and water yield from 1973 to 1997, replacement of desertscrub/grassland by mesquite was the strongest contributor to the decreased baseflow/percolation and contributed to the increased ET. Increased runoff, declined percolation, and increased ET have a negative impact on water resources in the upper San Pedro River Basin, thus urbanization and mesquite invasion seems to be major environmental stressors affecting local water resources. Our approach in quantifying the contributions of changes for individual LULC to hydrological components will provide quantitative information for stakeholders in planning and making decisions for land and water resource management. The approach to assess changes in surface hydrology could widely be applied to a variety of other watersheds, where time-sequenced digital LULC is available.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Multiple linear regression (MLR) remains a mainstay analysis in organizational research, yet intercorrelations between predictors (multicollinearity) undermine the interpretation of MLR weights in ...terms of predictor contributions to the criterion. Alternative indices include validity coefficients, structure coefficients, product measures, relative weights, all-possible-subsets regression, dominance weights, and commonality coefficients. This article reviews these indices, and uniquely, it offers freely available software that (a) computes and compares all of these indices with one another, (b) computes associated bootstrapped confidence intervals, and (c) does so for any number of predictors so long as the correlation matrix is positive definite. Other available software is limited in all of these respects. We invite researchers to use this software to increase their insights when applying MLR to a data set. Avenues for future research and application are discussed.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Small headwater catchments deliver large quantities of suspended sediment (SS) to the ocean. However, there are relatively few studies focused on the study of patterns and dynamics of suspended ...sediment in headwater catchments over the long-term (10 year or more). In this study, the dynamics of suspended sediment transport were examined at different time scales in a small headwater catchment in NW Spain, based on a 12-year dataset from high-resolution monitoring. The results revealed that, similar to other humid catchments, the hydrological response was highly dependent on initial conditions, especially in autumn and summer. However, in winter and spring the hydrology was more influenced by rainfall amount. The annual suspended sediment was 117 Mg, which equates to a suspended sediment yield of 10 Mg km−2 y−1. The SS yield in the Corbeira catchment is related to runoff generation and flooding, which play a key role in sediment yield from the catchment. About 80% of the annual SS was transported over 12% of the study period. Rainfall and discharge at the beginning of the events were the most important factors in explaining the hydrological response at event scale. Suspended sediment transport in this catchment is determined by event magnitude, while the SS is mainly influenced by variables related to runoff erosivity.
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•The SS transport dynamic was assessed in a small headwater area in NW Spain.•The high SS variability underlines the importance of long-term records.•SS transport is mainly influenced by streamflow; SS availability is also important.•Multivariate analysis identified the factors controlling the runoff and SS response.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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