BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Entrepreneurship has become mandatory for different societies because not only does entrepreneurship make it possible for individuals to access the financial resources ...generated by the idea but it also facilitates the development of a country by solving problems in a new way. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explore and determine the relationship between entrepreneurial skills on job performance of managers and deputies working in the municipalities of Hormozgan province located in the south of Iran. METHODS: The present study is a descriptive-practical correlation in terms of how data was collected. The collected data were based on the quantitative research method used to measure job performance by means of the Standard 15 Questionnaire. For evaluating the entrepreneurship skills, the 20 researcher-made questionnaire with 20 statements was used based on the research literature. The statistical population of the study consisted of 350 managers and deputy mayors of Hormozgan province. By applying the Cochran's formula, 182 people were selected as the statistical sample. Data analysis was performed by means of SmartPLS3 software. FINDINGS:The results of the research indicate positive relationships among entrepreneurial (3.695), managerial (5.680) and technical (7.369) skills concerning job performance. Therefore, these hypotheses were confirmed and, on the contrary, the hypothesis related to the relationship between personal skills and job performance (1.774) was rejected. CONCLUSION: According to the findings, the development of the relationship between entrepreneurial skills on job performance of managers and deputy mayors of Hormozgan province improves the competitive performance of organizations.
Research attention on decentralized autonomous energy systems has increased exponentially in the past three decades, as demonstrated by the absolute number of publications and the share of these ...studies in the corpus of energy system modelling literature. This paper shows the status quo and future modelling needs for research on local autonomous energy systems. A total of 359 studies are investigated, of which a subset of 123 in detail. The studies are assessed with respect to the characteristics of their methodology and applications, in order to derive common trends and insights. Most case studies apply to middle-income countries and only focus on the supply of electricity in the residential sector. Furthermore, many of the studies are comparable regarding objectives and applied methods. Local energy autonomy is associated with high costs, leading to levelized costs of electricity of 0.41 $/kWh on average. By analysing the studies, many improvements for future studies could be identified: the studies lack an analysis of the impact of autonomous energy systems on surrounding energy systems. In addition, the robust design of autonomous energy systems requires higher time resolutions and extreme conditions. Future research should also develop methodologies to consider local stakeholders and their preferences for energy systems.
•Literature review includes 123 studies about local autonomous energy systems.•Mainly simulation or optimization with a central planner perspective.•The most common models HOMER and EnergyPLAN should be extended in future studies.•Levelized costs of electricity for local energy autonomy are 0.41 $/kWh on average.•Future work should focus on non-technical dimensions, open models and data.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The way that public procurement activities are organized has an impact on the performance of public institutions. By reviewing the literature on public procurement organization dimensions this study ...offers a conceptual framework for public procurement organizational design, distinguishing between the macro, micro and process level dimensions. The framework is tested across the procurement departments of 15 local governments in Wales and Italy. We identify six alternative organizational configurations, differing in their level of centralization and their procurement status within the institution. Their suitability and potential for redesign depend on several internal and external contextual factors (goals, government decision, regulation, geographical environment) in line with the contingency view of organizational design.
•We build a theoretical framework for analyzing contingent factors and organizational dimensions of public procurement.•We analyzed local government organizations in Italy and UK.•We identify six potential configurations for procurement department in local government, providing their description and suitability according to contextual variables.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Several-hundred gigawatts of photovoltaic power generation (PV) needs to be installed to realize carbon-neutral Japan. Municipalities are expected to set PV installation targets which corresponds to ...wider area targets, but the allocation method of such target into municipalities are not determined. Also, in suburban and rural areas, installed capacity of PV tends to be larger than the electricity demand, which increases the reverse power flow. To tackle future power system problems, allocation of the future PV capacity between municipalities is one of the most important factors. This paper proposes the future PV capacity allocation method between distribution areas in Chubu region, corresponding to a nationwide of 300GW in 2050. First, PV installation potentials are calculated in each municipality because many datasets are disclosed on a municipality (city, ward, town and village) basis. Second, the allocated PV capacity in each municipality is calculated based on the potential. Results indicate that the sum of PV allocated capacity into solar-sharing and abandoned farmland is more than half of the total capacity. Allocated PV capacity in some municipalities exceeds 50kW per household in 2050, which indicates that countermeasures will be needed such as reinforcement of substations or installation of energy storage systems.
In the last few years, in the Vojvodina, starting-up and realization of the land consolidation projects have become more and more frequent. Therefore, land consolidation represents an area that is in ...extreme expansion, and which, according to the amount of funds invested in its launch and realization, represents a significant segment for the units of local self-government and the state itself. This paper deals with the analysis of the effects achieved by the land consolidation projects. Following metric data before and after land consolidation were used: number of parcels, average size of the parcel, area under the road and canal network, etc. The cadastral municipality (hereinafter, CM) Šašinci was taken as the subject municipality. In addition, for comparative analysis are used data from other CMs in Vojvodina, where land consolidation was also carried out. Based on figures and charts presented in paper, it can be concluded that the benefits of land consolidation are great. The number of parcels was reduced by an average of 59% per CM. The surface of the road and canal network increased significantly, as well.
Wild and underutilized vegetables are important sources of food, nutrition, and income for rural communities and indigenous people. Cultivation of high-yielding hybrid varieties, change in food ...habits, climate change and over-harvesting have resulted in genetic erosion of these vegetables. In addition to this, their availability, distribution and uses are poorly documented. This study aims to document the wild, neglected, and underutilized vegetable species in Jaimini Municipality of Baglung District, Western Nepal. Complete information on wild and underutilized vegetables were collected using semi-structured interviews, guided field walks, and field observation. We recorded 64 species of wild and underutilized vegetables belonging to 27 different families in the study area. Leaf was the most used plant part (26 species) and majority of the plants species were herbs (33 species). Most of these vegetables were consumed in rainy and summer seasons and their availability decreased during winter season. Knowledge regarding their utilization, cultivation, and conservation were also gradually disappearing. Therefore, consumer awareness, evaluation of their nutritional value, and promotion for their commercial use should be emphasized for the inclusion of these vegetable species in our daily diet.
Entry. The article is devoted to the historical aspect of the formation and development of local self-government models in countries such as Germany and Switzerland. Local self-government in these ...countries has its own characteristics and principles of implementation, which are determined by the form of territorial organization, but can be applied to the construction of social relations in Ukraine. For Ukraine, as a state that is characterized by European legal standards for building local self-government, the experience of European states in this direction is interesting.
Short list of main results.The article highlights the constitutional and legal foundations of the formation and development of local self-government models in Germany and Switzerland. The municipal system of these states is based on European standards of local self-government - decentralization, subsidiarity, autonomy of local self-government. The national legislation of Ukraine is also characterized by the consolidation of European standards.
Conclusions. Local self-government in Germany and Switzerland covers almost all aspects of the democratic organization of local life, makes it possible to rationally decentralize state power, transfer decision-making on all issues of local life to territorial communities, thereby stimulating citizen activity and ensuring their real involvement in such decisions. The positive experience of European states in involving citizens to participate in issues of local importance will contribute to the creation of an effective model of local self-government in Ukraine.
Research background:
Municipalities, as entities of local government, finance the performed activities on the basis of the budget, which has a program structure. However, due to the global COVID-19 ...pandemic, municipal incomes have declined. Municipalities therefore had to adjust their budgets and reduce expenditures, which could disrupt several processes in municipalities.
Purpose of the article:
The main aim of the paper is to analyse the budgets of selected local government entities and assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of funds by municipalities with an emphasis on the security area.
Methods:
In order to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of funds by municipalities, a detailed analysis of the budgets and final accounts of selected municipalities will be carried out. The amount of income and expenditure in these municipalities before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic will be examined. For this purpose, basic scientific methods and methods of mathematical statistics will be used.
Findings & Value added:
Based on the assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the budgets of municipalities, it will be possible to determine the activities that experienced the largest revenue shortfalls due to the fact that the municipalities could not finance them from their revenues. The contribution of the paper will be recommendations that should prevent such situations in the future and thus prevent the amount of damage that has been recorded as a result of the loss of income of municipalities.
The stability of municipal revenues is crucial for long-term socio-economic planning at the city level. This paper presents the impact of changes in legal regulations mandating the transformation of ...perpetual usufruct into ownership on preferential terms. Using micro-level information on transactions and plots handed over in perpetual usufruct for single-family housing, we determined potential losses in the City of Poznan caused by the new regulations. The research uses mass appraisal models to assess the fees related to the land value of properties affected by the legal transformation, scenario analysis, and Monte-Carlo simulation to evaluate the consequences of the change in the regulation in the long run. The simulation results indicate that the municipalities are deprived of relatively stable revenues after the reform. In Poznan, we assess that the net present value of revenue losses ranged from −327.3 mln PLN to −419.6 mln PLN (74.6 % to 92.9 % reduction of the baseline revenues, respectively). Incorporating provisions allowing the perpetual usufruct of developed land to be converted to housing is less financially beneficial for municipalities than for perpetual usufruct holders. Additionally, it significantly manages municipal strategic control of local development within the city and reduces municipal land resources. The research attempts to narrow the gap in knowledge about the role of land leases in municipal revenues.
•The regulations introduced by the Law on Perpetual Usufruct Transformation of 2018 are financially disadvantageous for municipalities.•In the long run, the decrease in revenues will most likely cause a sub-optimal expenditure reduction and, to some extent, will lower the quality of local public utility services.•Reducing municipal land resources significantly limits local development and the scope of public utility services.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Through the keen eyes and curious mind of a young girl, Ying-tzu, we are given a glimpse into the adult world of Peking in the 1920s. The five sequential stories in this collection can be read as ...either stand-alone pieces, or as a novel, due to the cleverly constructed themes and character development. Exploring ideas of loss and bewilderment, Lin Hai-yin carefully captures the transition from childhood to adulthood. Shielded by a child’s innocence, we are taken on a journey of discovery as Ying-tzu grapples with the uncertainties of human relationships as well as her developing awareness of the world around her. Poignant and poetic, it is hard not to be moved by Memories of Peking: South Side Stories.
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