Si è così delineato il primo riconosciuto elenco di KETs: advanced materials, nanotechnology, micro/nanoelectronics, industrial biotechnology, photonics. In questa seconda traiettoria, vanno ...esplorati sia i ruoli abilitanti che le tecnologie possono assumere in vista degli obiettivi di sostenibilità dell'Agenda 2030 (ONU, 2015), sia le forme di applicazione, diffusione e trasferimento tecnologici che, nei recenti orientamenti dell'IPCC, sono in grado di abilitare "condizioni" per migliorare la fattibilità delle opzioni di adattamento e mitigazione e affrontare il climate change (IPCC, 2022). A questi campi di esplorazione si affiancano anche gli ambiti di ricerca e innovazione del PNR - Programma Nazionale per la Ricerca 2021/27, riguardanti i design studies, i cambiamenti climatici, la qualità della vita e le strategie di rigenerazione dell'habitat antropizzato (MUR, 2020). Declinazioni per una tecnologia che abilita Da queste riflessioni generali, terminologiche e concettuali, è sorta la necessità di approfondire il tema del ruolo abilitante della tecnologia anche con l'apporto di alcuni studiosi che si stanno confrontando direttamente con le molteplici sfide poste dalle innovazioni tecnologiche contemporanee rispetto alle complessità del fare Architettura. Emerge uno scenario molto più complesso che riguarda gli aspetti teoretici, antropologici e metodologici indotti dal concetto di tecnologia che può assumere capacità abilitanti all'interno dell'intero processo progettuale dell'habitat umano.
LASCAS is the international symposium and flagship event of the IEEE Circuits and Systems (CAS) Society in IEEE Region 9 (Latin America). It started 14 years ago and took place for the first time in ...Ecuador developing activities in micro and nanoelectronics. The symposium, held from February 28 to March 3 at the Swiss Hotel in Quito, Ecuador, provided a high-quality exchange and networking forum for more than 100 researchers, professionals, and students, gathering an international audience with experts worldwide. The best paper of the conference will be published in the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. More information may be found on the conference website https://www.ieee-lascas.org/
Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has emerged as a strong candidate for two‐dimensional (2D) material owing to its exciting optoelectrical properties combined with mechanical robustness, thermal ...stability, and chemical inertness. Super‐thin h‐BN layers have gained significant attention from the scientific community for many applications, including nanoelectronics, photonics, biomedical, anti‐corrosion, and catalysis, among others. This review provides a systematic elaboration of the structural, electrical, mechanical, optical, and thermal properties of h‐BN followed by a comprehensive account of state‐of‐the‐art synthesis strategies for 2D h‐BN, including chemical exfoliation, chemical, and physical vapor deposition, and other methods that have been successfully developed in recent years. It further elaborates a wide variety of processing routes developed for doping, substitution, functionalization, and combination with other materials to form heterostructures. Based on the extraordinary properties and thermal‐mechanical‐chemical stability of 2D h‐BN, various potential applications of these structures are described.
h‐BN is one of the most promising inorganic materials of this century, with possible applications ranging from aerospace to medicine. It has emerged as an exotic 2D material in the post‐graphene era, owing to its exciting optoelectrical properties combined with mechanical robustness, thermal stability, and chemical inertness. An encyclopedic view of the structure, properties, synthesis, and applications of h‐BN is provided.
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The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising nanosystems
via
energy input and external stimuli is emerging as an attractive paradigm for developing reconfigurable and ...programmable nanomaterials and multifunctional devices. Light stimulus manifestly represents a preferred external physical and chemical tool for
in situ
remote command of the functional attributes of nanomaterials and nanosystems due to its unique advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and digital controllability. Photochromic moieties are known to undergo reversible photochemical transformations between different states with distinct properties, which have been extensively introduced into various functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecular nanoassemblies, and biological nanosystems. The integration of photochromism into these nanosystems has endowed the resultant nanostructures or advanced materials with intriguing photoresponsive behaviors and more sophisticated functions. In this Review, we provide an account of the recent advancements in reversible photocontrol of the structures and functions of photochromic nanosystems and their applications. The important design concepts of such truly advanced materials are discussed, their fabrication methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. The Review is concluded by briefly outlining the challenges that need to be addressed and the opportunities that can be tapped into. We hope that the review of the flourishing and vibrant topic with myriad possibilities would shine light on exploring the future nanoworld by encouraging and opening the windows to meaningful multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers from different backgrounds and scientists from the fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, biology, nanotechnology and materials science.
This review provides a state-of-the-art account of photochromism into diverse functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, nanoassemblies and biological nanosystems.
Graphene nanoribbons hold great promise for future applications in nanoelectronic devices, as they may combine the excellent electronic properties of graphene with the opening of an electronic band ...gap - not present in graphene but required for transistor applications. With a two-step on-surface synthesis process, graphene nanoribbons can be fabricated with atomic precision, allowing precise control over width and edge structure. Meanwhile, a decade of research has resulted in a plethora of graphene nanoribbons having various structural and electronic properties. This article reviews not only the on-surface synthesis of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons but also how their electronic properties are ultimately linked to their structure. Current knowledge and considerations with respect to precursor design, which eventually determines the final (electronic) structure, are summarized. Special attention is dedicated to the electronic properties of graphene nanoribbons, also in dependence on their width and edge structure. It is exactly this possibility of precisely changing their properties by fine-tuning the precursor design - offering tunability over a wide range - which has generated this vast research interest, also in view of future applications. Thus, selected device prototypes are presented as well.
On-surface synthesized atomically precise graphene nanoribbons are promising candidates for use in future devices. This article reviews atomically precise graphene nanoribbons, in particular focusing on their electronic properties.
Multiple logic devices are presently under study within the Nanoelectronic Research Initiative (NRI) to carry the development of integrated circuits beyond the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor ...(CMOS) roadmap. Structure and operational principles of these devices are described. Theories used for benchmarking these devices are overviewed, and a general methodology is described for consistent estimates of the circuit area, switching time, and energy. The results of the comparison of the NRI logic devices using these benchmarks are presented.
The prospective utilization of nanoscale superconductors as micro/nanocoils or circuits with superior current density and no electrical resistance loss in next‐generation electronics or ...electromagnetic equipment represents a fascinating opportunity for new microsystem technologies. Here, a family of superconducting liquid metals (Ga–In–Sn alloys) and their nanodroplets toward printable and stretchable superconducting micro/nanoelectronics is developed. By tuning the composition of liquid metals the highest superconducting critical temperature (Tc) in this family can be modulated and achieved as high as 6.6 K. The liquid metal nanodroplets retain their bulk superconducting properties and can be easily dispersed in different solvents as inks. The printable and stretchable superconducting micro/nano coils, circuits and electrodes have been fabricated by inkjet printer or laser etching by using superconducting nanodroplets inks. This novel superconducting system greatly promotes the commercial utilization of superconductors into advanced flexible micro/nanoelectronic devices and offers a new platform for developing more application with superconductors.
Superconducting eutectic gallium–indium–tin (EGaInSn) alloys and their nanosized droplets with different weight ratios are developed for realizing printable and stretchable superconducting circuits. The highest superconducting critical temperature of EGaInSn is 6.6 K. The corresponding EGaInSn nanodroplets retain the bulk superconducting properties. Their dispersion in various solvents shows excellent wettability, which can be easily applied to print stretchable superconductive micro/nanoelectronics.
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•Amorphous carbyne layer on PVDF surface forms under soft X-ray photons irradiation.•Two-stage model for the process of PVDF carbonization was proposed.•Using NEXAFS spectroscopy, formation of CC ...bonds was demonstrated.•Analysis of the kinetic dependences of the CF2 groups’ loss in PVDF was done.
In the present work, the possibility of carbyne synthesis by modifying polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with synchrotron radiation was investigated for the first time. The analysis of the kinetic dependences of the CF2 groups' loss in PVDF was done, and the mechanism of dehydrofluorination of PVDF under the action of monochromatic X-ray radiation of various energies was elucidated. As a result, the two-stage model for the process of PVDF carbonization was proposed. According to it, first one fluorine atom and one hydrogen atom are split off and removed in the form of an HF molecule with the formation of a double carbon-carbon bonds (CFCH). Second, the formation of carbyne occurs, in which carbon atoms are connected in a chain by means of either double carbon-carbon bonds (CC) or alternation of carbon single and triple bonds (CC). A joint analysis by high-resolution near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra made it possible to put forward a hypothesis that, by irradiating the polymer with photons of monochromatic X-ray radiation with a given energy, it is possible to achieve the formation of uniform layers of amorphous carbyne of various depths, which offers a challenge of producing a next generation of devices for carbon and 1D nanoelectronics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Black phosphorus (BP) has attracted rapidly growing attention for high speed and low power nanoelectronics owing to its compelling combination of tunable bandgap (0.3 to 2 eV) and high carrier ...mobility (up to ∼1000 cm2/V·s) at room temperature. In this work, we report the first radio frequency (RF) flexible top-gated (TG) BP thin-film transistors on highly bendable polyimide substrate for GHz nanoelectronic applications. Enhanced p-type charge transport with low-field mobility ∼233 cm2/V·s and current density of ∼100 μA/μm at V DS = −2 V were obtained from flexible BP transistor at a channel length L = 0.5 μm. Importantly, with optimized dielectric coating for air-stability during microfabrication, flexible BP RF transistors afforded intrinsic maximum oscillation frequency f MAX ∼ 14.5 GHz and unity current gain cutoff frequency f T ∼ 17.5 GHz at a channel length of 0.5 μm. Notably, the experimental f T achieved here is at least 45% higher than prior results on rigid substrate, which is attributed to the improved air-stability of fabricated BP devices. In addition, the high-frequency performance was investigated through mechanical bending test up to ∼1.5% tensile strain, which is ultimately limited by the inorganic dielectric film rather than the 2D material. Comparison of BP RF devices to other 2D semiconductors clearly indicates that BP offers the highest saturation velocity, an important metric for high-speed and RF flexible nanosystems.
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The flexoelectricity describes the contribution of the linear couplings between the electric polarization and strain gradient and between polarization gradient and strain to the thermodynamics of a ...solid and represents the amount of polarization change of a solid arising from a strain gradient. Although the magnitude of the flexoelectric effect is generally small, its contribution to the overall thermodynamics of a solid may become significant or even dominant at the nanometer scale. Recent experimental and computational efforts have led to significant advances in our understanding of the flexoelectric effect and its exploration of potential applications in devices such as sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, and nanoelectronics. Here we review the theoretical development and experimental progress in flexoelectricity including the types of materials systems that have been explored and their potential applications. We discuss the challenges in the experimental measurements and density functional theory computations of the flexoelectric coefficients including understanding the order of magnitude discrepancies between existing experimentally measured and computed values. Finally, we offer a perspective on the future directions for research on flexoelectricity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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