Znano je, da ionizirajoče sevanje lahko okvari vstavljeno elektronsko napravo, kot je srčni spodbujevalnik (angl. pacemaker, PM) ali kardioverter-defibrilator (angl. implantable cardioverter ...defibrillator, ICD), če leži v obsevalnem polju. Nedavna odkritja pa navajajo tudi možno okvaro elektronske naprave, ki leži izven obsevalnega polja, zaradi sipanega sevanja oz. nastanka sekundarnih nevtronov, predvsem pri uporabi višjih energij fotonskega snopa. Iz tega razloga so bila izdelana nova priporočila obsevanja bolnikov z vstavljenimi srčnimi spodbujevalniki ali kardioverterji-defibrilatorji.
Svrha: Iz postojeće literature poznato je da metalni ioni iz ortodontskih naprava mogu korodirati zbog djelovanja sline i bakterija u usnoj šupljini. Rezultati većine studija upućuju na to da se ...razina nikla i kroma u slini ne povisuje nakon postavljanja ortodontskih naprava. No nema istraživanja o razini titanija, kobalta, bakra i cinka u slini ortodontskih pacijenata. Ispitanici i postupci: Razina nikla (Ni), titanija (Ti), kroma (Cr), kobalta (Co), bakra (Cu) i cinka (Zn) mjerena je u slini četrdeset i dvoje pacijenta s keramičkim metalnim bravicama i isto toliko njih s konvencionalnima i to prije postavljanja ortodontskih naprava s pomoću induktivne spregnute plazme/masene spektrometrije i šest mjeseci poslije toga. U statističkoj analizi korištena su dva testa – Wilcoxonov signed rank i Mann-Whitneyev s razinom značajnosti od 0,05. Rezultati: Rezultati su pokazali da se razina titana u slini povisila šest mjeseci nakon postavljanja ortodontskih naprava. Razina kroma i cinka, pak, značajno se snizila nakon postavljanja ortodonskih naprava. Nije bilo statistički značajne razlike u razini nikla, titanija, kroma, bakra, kobalta i cinka u slini između pacijenata s metalnim i keramičkim ortotontskim
bravicama. Zaključak: Možemo zaključiti da se razina titanija u slini značajno povisila šest mjeseci nakon postavljanja ortodontskih naprava za razliku od razine kroma i cinka koja se značajno snizila šest mjeseci poslije njihova postavljanja, bez obzira na vrstu korištenih bravica.
Treatment of the sludge from water-purification plants is becoming more and more urgent due to the inability to increase its storage area. To avoid CO2 emissions, the use of non-Portland cement ...binders is recommended. The application of geopolymerization of waste sludge (WS) from water-purification plants is a novel solution. Curing conditions including high temperature, pressure or microwaves enhance the formation of geopolymer bonds. This paper presents the results of a research on the treatment of the WS of the Thu Duc water-purification plant (Vietnam) with the geopolymerization method. Solid phases were prepared by mixing the WS and fly ash (FA). The FA proportions of the solid phases were (10, 40, 70) w/%. The alkali-activated solution (AAS) was a mixture of a 40 w/% NaOH 6M solution and 60 w/% water glass (WG: Na2O.nSiO2 with n = 1.75 and volumetric density r = 1.40 kg/L). The geopolymer materials were mixtures containing an 80 w/% solid phase and a 20 w/% liquid phase of the AAS. Geopolymer samples were formed in a cylindrical steel mold with a diameter of 10 mm at a high pressure. The samples were cured in a 112 W microwave oven for 30 s or in a dryer at 110 °C for 24 h. The compressive strength and volumetric density of both sample groups were determined and compared to each other. The formation of geopolymer bonds was investigated using XRD, FTIR and SEM.
U radu se predstavlja projekt za zatvaranje morskog pristupa luci Ostendea što ga je Faust Vrančić načinio 1603. godine, u jeku opsade toga grada, i iz Praga poslao zapovjedniku opsadnih trupa ...nadvojvodi Albrechtu VII.
Namen: Namen prispevka je obravnavati branje kot fizično dejavnost, ki je vpisana v prostor in nosi številne sociološke konotacije. Branje analizira kot utelešeno (angl. embodied) in družbeno prakso ...in ugotavlja medsebojno sodoločenost teh dveh dimenzij.
Metodologija/pristop: V fokusnih skupinah smo izvedli pogovore s študenti iz šestih evropskih držav in jih spraševali o vplivu oziroma vlogi, ki jo vrsta besedila, namen branja in bralna naprava igrajo pri izboru konkretnega bralnega okolja. Sodelovalo je 21 deklet in 15 fantov različnih do- in podiplomskih programov s povprečno starostjo 21,5 leta.
Rezultati: Izkazalo se je, da sogovorniki večinoma niso brezbrižni do svojega bralnega okolja. Kot prostor branja so najpogosteje navedli dom, knjižnice oziroma čitalnice, poleg tega pa še druge javne kraje, npr. kavarne in parke, okolja, kjer ljudje pogosto berejo, čeprav prvotno niso namenjena branju. Na tej osnovi članek poroča o zaznanih bralnih smernicah in premišlja o njihovih morebitnih implikacijah za akademsko raziskovanje in vsakdanjo prakso.
Omejitve raziskave: Vzorec raziskave je majhen, izziv sta predstavljali skupinska dinamika in neverbalna komunikacija.
Izvirnost/uporabnost raziskave: Študija se razlikuje od prevladujočih pristopov k branju, ki »bralni um« praviloma obravnavajo kot začasno odvezan od vseh dražljajev v fizičnem okolju. Kot pokaže, prav teh ne gre ignorirati ne v praksi ne v kontekstu raziskovanja.
Purpose: The article addresses reading as a physical engagement, inscribed in space and carrying many social connotations. It analyses reading as an embodied and social practice, and focuses on the way these two dimensions relate to each other and determine the reading experience.
Methodology/approach: We used the focus group method and talked to 36 students from six European countries, focusing on the effect or the role that the type of the text, the purpose of reading and the reading device play in selecting reading environments. We talked to 21 females and 15 males from various (under)graduate programmes with mean age 21,5.
Results: Far from expressing indifference, participants turned out to be very perceptible and sensitive towards their reading environments. Most frequently, they mentioned home, libraries and other public spaces, such as coffee shops or parks, as places where people often read, even though these are not explicitly dedicated to reading. The article reports on the emergent trends and discusses the potential implications for research and practice.
Research limitations: The sample was small; main challenge was group dynamics and non-verbal communication.
Originality/practical implications: Different from the prevailing approaches to reading, which tend to study the reading mind as if temporarily detached from all stimuli in the physical environment, this study shows how the latter is exactly what should not be ignored – neither in practice nor in academic research.
Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study is to analyse and present the causes of the differences in crude utilization rate in cardiac implantation electronic devices, specifically pacemakers ...and automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, across 5 European countries, with a specific emphasis on Slovenia. Methods Based on the results of the analysis of the uptake of cardiac implantation electronic devices across countries studied in MedtecHTA project, the targeted interviews were conducted to explain the factors that impact the differences and explain data in Slovenia. Results The reasons for the differences in crude utilization rate across 5 European countries were multiple: the first group of differences refers to the coding system and linkages between coding and financing of health care. The second group of reasons can be qualitatively ascribed to the economic situation, financial situation in health care, and its impact on decision-making. The last reason is the non-existence of the golden rule for optimal crude utilisation rate. Conclusions It is evident that the differences in the uptake of cardiac implantation electronic devices among the countries are of organisational nature: they refer to the system of coding, the importance attached to correct coding practices, the link between coding and financing of health care as well as the availability of private clinics and private insurance. According to the interviews, the economic development of the country also impacts those differences, whereas the differences in clinical practice and guidelines are claimed not to play a role in the explanation of the differences.
This book provides useful information about bioremediation, phytoremediation, and mycoremediation of wastewater and some aspects of the chemical wastewater treatment processes, including ion ...exchange, neutralization, adsorption, and disinfection. Additionally, this book elucidates and illustrates the wastewater treatment plants in terms of plant sizing, plant layout, plant design, and plant location. Cutting-edge topics include wet air oxidation of aqueous wastes, biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds, biological treatment of sanitary landfill leachate, bacterial strains for the bioremediation of olive mill wastewater, gelation of arabinoxylans from maize wastewater, and modeling wastewater evolution.
Cilj ovog osvrta je usporediti stare konvencionalne tehnike i uređaje za obradu poteškoća u disanju i nove sofisticirane tehnike i uređaje. Dosadašnje tehnike i uređaje propisala je ASA (Američko ...udruženje anesteziologa) kao praktične smjernice u obradi poteškoća u disanju, iste su objavljene 1992., revidirane 1993. i ažurirane 2003. godine. Prema ASA tehnike za obradu poteškoća u disanju podijeljene su na tehnike za poteškoće pri intubaciji i poteškoće pri ventilaciji. Budna fiberoptička intubacija kao tehnika izbora u obradi poteškoća u disanju propisana je dokumentom Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije o sigurnosti bolesnika u operacijskoj dvorani. Konvencionalne tehnike intubacije koriste direktnu vizualizaciju. Nova generacija uređaja ne zahtijeva direktnu vizualizaciju glasnih žica pri postavljanju endotrahealnog tubusa. Oni omogućavaju bolju vizualizaciju i uspješnu endotrahealnu intubaciju putem indirektne laringoskopije. Novi uređaji za intubaciju, kao video laringoskop, olakšavaju endotrahealnu intubaciju indirektnom vizualizacijom struktura grla bez premještanja oralne, faringealne i laringealne osi bolesnika s abnormalnostima vratne kralježnice. Video laringoskopi kao V-Mac i C-Mac, Glide skop, McGrath, Airway skop, Aertracq, Bonfils i Bullard lako su dostupni na tržištu. Naprave za disanje su svjetleće sonde i endotrahealni vodiči (ili vodiči endotrahealnog tubusa). Zaključak ovog osvrta je da se primjena ovih uređaja može lako naučiti. Tehnika indirektne laringoskopije već se koristi u obradi poteškoća u disanju, kao i u svakodnevnoj anesteziološkoj praksi.
U posljednjih desetak godina sve se veći broj pacijenata odlučuje na ortodontsku terapiju, najčešće zbog narušene estetike ili jače izraženih poremećaja oralne funkcije. Nakon pregleda i kliničke ...obrade pacijenta, terapeut postavlja dijagnozu na osnovi koje odlučuje o početku terapije i vrsti ortodontskih naprava. Najučestalije ortodontske anomalije su kompresija (zbijenost zubi), pokrovni zagriz (klasa II/2), progeny kompleks anomalija i otvoreni zagriz. Najpovoljnije je vrijeme za početak terapije kod većine ortodontskih anomalija u dobi od 9 do 10 godina djeteta, tj. u vrijeme izmjene mliječnih zubi. U toj dobi terapija najčešće započinje mobilnim ortodontskim napravama i nastavlja se, ako je potrebno, u trajnoj denticiji. Kod određenih anomalija terapijom se započinje nakon izmjene zubi, rjeđe mobilnim, a češće fiksnim ortodontskim napravama. Tijekom terapije mogu se uz fiksne naprave, prema potrebi, aplicirati i intraoralne ili ekstraoralne naprave. Nakon aktivne faze terapije slijedi retencijski period, u kojem terapeut nastoji zadržati postignuti terapijski učinak i spriječiti recidiv
These laboratory experiments were designed to provide a more detailed knowledge of methods and equipment used in food research and also should provide an opportunity for the student to become ...familiar with the main journals in which food research is reported. The student will learn to keep a laboratory notebook and become familiar with the fundamentals of designing, executing, and reporting the results of a research project. Discusses literature searches; evaluation of foods in terms of color, flavor, and texture; objective methods; and sensory methods. Contains laboratory experiments on the following topics: sensory evaluation of foods; objective evaluation of foods; physical properties of foods; dispersion of matter; lipids; amino acids, proteins, and Maillard Browning; gelatin; carbohydrates; flour mixtures; pigments; pectin; and synthesized carbohydrate food gums. Also contains an equipment guide
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