World history records that at the end of 1920, the global community was hit by a very dramatic economic depression, which resulted in protests by the people as a result of cuts in the wages of civil ...servants in all circles, both Dutch and Indigenous nationalities, by 17%, wage cuts were part of the efforts government to reduce the gap between government revenues and spending when the economic depression has caused government revenues in an emergency. The relationship between the rebellion of the Crew of De Zeven Provincien and the activities of the national movement during the reign of Governor-General Jhr. B.C. De Jonge. After the uprising immediately, the Dutch East Indies government, under the leadership of Governor-General Jhr. B.C. De Jonge carried out reactionary and violent politics against the activities of the national movement. Movement organizations were increasingly under pressure from the colonial government, and some radical and revolutionary movement figures were even arrested. The research method used is the historical method, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography, and this research uses library research where the researcher examines several sources related to this research. Thus, it can be concluded that in the De Zeven Provincien Crew Mutiny in 1933, Governor General Jhr. B.C. De Jonge put more pressure on the national movement organization in Indonesia.
The study aims to (1) analyze the conditions of history learning at SMA N 12 Semarang, (2) describe the development of historical comic strip learning media, and (3) analyze the feasibility of ...historical comic strip learning media. The research uses the Research and Development with a modification of the 4D development model. Several stages are passed in this research, including definition, design, and development. The results of this research are (1) students need learning media, (2) development of historical comic strip learning media in Indonesian National Movement materials entitled “Story of Athar” with manual sketches, digitalization, and digital coloring until finalization, (3) feasibility validation product, namely 94% from material experts, 96% from media experts. The effectiveness of learning media in increasing students’ interest in learning is obtained from the results of the gain score using the formula for the difference between pre-test and post-test scores of 32,26%. Based on the results of this research, the scores of increasing students’ interest in learning in class XI F 11 are included in the High category because the gain score is 0,767 and is in the range g > 0,7.
This study aims to analyze women’s political participation during the national movement. The movement period began the women’s movement to voice their political ideas towards independence. The ...women’s political movement has long existed. Women have struggled to establish their existence since colonial times. Analysis of women’s participation efforts in the political field is described in three organizations from three cities, namely Batavia (Jakarta), Jogjakarta, and Medan, each through Perhimpoenan Kaoem Betawi representing regional organizations, Aisyiyah representing socio-religious organizations and Keoetamaan Isteri representing socio-political organizations. This research uses historical heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography methods. The heuristic stage is carried out by searching for library sources, documents, and archives, and it is selected based on the source criticism carried out. The results show that the wishes and demands for women’s political participation have not been realized. The limited opportunities for women to sit in the Volksraad and direct competition with men were factors that did not directly result in women being involved in politics. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis partisipasi politik perempuan pada masa pergerakan nasional. Masa pergerakan mengawali gerakan perempuan untuk menyuarakan ide-ide politiknya menuju kemerdekaan. Gerakan politik perempuan sudah ada sejak lama. Perempuan telah berjuang untuk membangun eksistensinya sejak zaman kolonial. Analisis terhadap upaya partisipasi perempuan dalam bidang politik digambarkan pada tiga organisasi dari tiga kota, yaitu Batavia (Jakarta), Jogjakarta, dan Medan, masing-masing melalui Perhimpoenan Kaoem Betawi yang mewakili organisasi daerah, Aisyiyah yang mewakili organisasi sosial keagamaan, dan Keoetamaan Isteri yang mewakili organisasi sosial-keagamaan. organisasi politik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Tahap heuristik dilakukan dengan mencari sumber perpustakaan, dokumen, dan arsip, serta dipilih berdasarkan kritik sumber yang dilakukan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa keinginan dan tuntutan partisipasi politik perempuan belum terwujud. Terbatasnya kesempatan perempuan untuk duduk di Volksraad dan persaingan langsung dengan laki-laki menjadi faktor yang tidak secara langsung menyebabkan perempuan terlibat dalam politik.
The purpose of this study is to describe the role of Sarekat Islam and Muhammadiyah in politics and education during the 1911-1942 national movement. Sarekat Islam (1911) and Muhammadiyah (1912) ...became organizations carried out the struggle for Indonesian independence with religion as their basis. Both organizations fighting for the Indonesian independence with their respective paths and ideologies: Muhammadiyah was more concentrated in the field of education, while Sarekat Islam was in the political field. The method used in this study was a historical research with its stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The form of the role of Sarekat Islam during the national movement, especially in the political field, was through the labor movement, the Volksraad, and direct criticism of the government through a national congress held annually. It was different with the Muhammadiyah which was not directly involved with the political movements that emerged at that time, but this organization supported the struggle of political movements that fought for the aspirations of the Islamic community. At this time, Muhammadiyah was also heavily involved in the field of education, especially by establishing Muhammadiyah-assisted schools.
Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi pembelajaran sejarah pada pokok bahasan pergerakan nasional, mengetahui persepsi siswa etnis Tionghoa terhadap pembelajaran sejarah pada pokok ...bahasan pergerakan nasional dan Mengetahui hambatan yang di alami dalam pembelajaran sejarah pada pokok bahasan pergerakan nasional di SMA Kristen Wonosobo. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah informan, dokumen dan lain-lain. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan trianggulasi data yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, penyimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini adalah implementasi pembelajaran sejarah pokok bahasan pergerakan nasional dilakukan lewat tahap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan. Dalam perencanaan guru mempersiapkan RPP, media berupa power point, metode berupa diskusi kelompok serta materi pembelajaran yang kemudian diterapkan pada tahap pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Persepsi siswa keturunan Tionghoa terhadap pembelajaran sejarah pokok bahasan pergerakan nasional berbeda antara satu sama lain. Hal ini disebabkan oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal yang mempengaruhi persepsi mereka tentang pembelajaran sejarah pokok bahasan pergerakan nasional. Dalam pembelajaran sejarah pokok bahasan pergerakan nasional, siswa keturunan tionghoa memiliki hambatan tersendiri. Berkaitan dengan status siswa etnis Tionghoa sebagai minoritas tidak menjadi penghambat dalam pembelajaran karena sekolah yang menerapkan toleransi yang tinggi.
This book demonstrates how the Russian thought and literature of the 18th - 19th centuries influenced Jewish thought and Hebrew literature. Absorption of ideological influences is a universal ...phenomenon that is instrumental to progress and cultural development, and it is accepted in Jewish culture as well.
Abstract The study explores the historical context in which some female figures gained a legendary aura. As well, we focused on the processes by which they entered the gallery of Romanian historical ...personalities. We also researched whether the selection of female figures was dependent on the gender stereotypes of the period. The study follows the theoretical framework of gender history studies. We applied it to a case study of Transylvania in the second half of the nineteenth century. The approach starts from the presumption that, during this period of time, the roles that Romanians had to assume in the national project were gender determined. We argue that the intellectuals’ efforts to offer common people an example to inspire their behavior connect with the Romanians’ emancipation movement in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In this context, a series of historical personalities were promoted as role models for Romanians. In fact, the national mythological pantheon was articulated also because of this debate over the ideal Romanian man and woman.
After analysing the current socio-political conditions in Ukraine caused by the war unleashed on February 20, 2014 by the Russian Federation, the author noted that they have common features with ...those that were before the outbreak of the First World War. This fact made this study relevant, since it requires an analysis of the “Ukrainian Question” from the standpoint of different countries at the beginning of the 20th century. Thus, the purpose of the study was to determine the essence of the Ukrainian national question on the eve of the First World War. For this purpose, the study used the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, deduction, generalisation, and historical method. As a result, the content of the “Ukrainian Question” was determined for the countries that participated in the First World War. In particular, it was established that Russia's goal was to capture Eastern Galicia, northern Bukovina and Transcarpathia, while under the auspices of the pan-Slavist policy and the Association of “Half-Blood Russian brothers”. Initially, Austria-Hungary also pursued the desire for territorial expansion, in particular, through the annexation of Volhynia and Podillia. As a result, the unification of Western and Eastern Europe was expected. Germany's goal was to divide the Russian empire into different territorial units and to seize the countries of Eastern Europe, in particular Ukraine, and settle its citizens on them. The positions of foreign countries on the “Ukrainian Question” considered in the study allowed for the conclusion that none of them considered the interests and aspirations of the Ukrainian people. The practical significance of the study was revealed in the fact that it can be used by modern researchers, in particular historians, when determining the prerequisites and nature of the current war of Russia against Ukraine
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As a legal state founded on the Pancasila ideology, Indonesia undertakes various activities to develop its legal system. This includes enhancing the internal legal culture among law enforcement ...officials, particularly within judicial institutions. Pancasila provides values and guidelines for national and state conduct, emphasizing that all actions, both within and outside official judicial roles, should reflect these noble values. Indonesian judges are expected to demonstrate high integrity, aligning their conduct with Pancasila. However, recent allegations of corruption within judicial institutions indicate that the judicial apparatus has not fully embraced Pancasila values. This gap in the legal culture suggests a lack of adherence to these principles. Doctrinal juridical research has concluded that the National Movement of Mental Revolution is crucial for revitalizing and embedding Pancasila values within judges and the judicial apparatus. This revitalization aims to restore public trust and encourage the general public to emulate the attitudes and behavior of the judiciary, thereby implementing Pancasila values in daily activities and reinforcing the concept of a Pancasila-based legal state.
