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Jatropha pelargoniifolia (JP) is a medicinal plant that is widely used in traditional medicine owing to its broad range of therapeutic activities. Despite its promising ...pharmacological activities, the use of plant extracts has several limitations which can be overcome using pharmaceutical nanotechnology. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the effect of nanoencapsulation on the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of JP extract. JP-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (JP-CSNPs) were prepared using the ionic gelation method and characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and release profile. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the morphology of the nanoparticles. The mean particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency of optimized JP-CSNPs were 185.5 nm, 44 mV, and 78.5%, respectively. The release profile of the JP-CSNPs was mainly dependent on the pH of the surrounding medium, and the JP extract was released in a controlled manner over time. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in JP extract were 191.8 mg GAE/g extract and 51.4 mg of QE/g extract, respectively. The results of a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay showed that JP-CSNPs retained the antioxidant activity of unencapsulated JP extract. JP-CSNPs also exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria than against gram-negative bacteria, and their minimum inhibitory concentration was 1.6-fold lower than that of blank nanoparticles, indicating the synergy between JP extract and nanoparticles. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells revealed that JP-CSNPs had a 2-fold lower half-maximal inhibitory concentration than free extract. Molecular docking analyses revealed that the active phytoconstituent of JP extract, linarin, binds strongly to the active sites of bacterial DNA gyrase B and human DNA topoisomerase IIα and thus, may inhibit their activities. Computational analysis results supported the in vitro finding that JP-CSNPs act as an anticancer and antimicrobial agent. Taken together, the results of this study highlighted the advantages of using CSNPs as a nanocarrier for herbal extracts, thus providing a potential strategy for improving plant-based therapeutics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Glycyrrhiza glabra extract is widely known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and can improve the wound healing process. The aim of this work was to shorten the time of the healing ...process by using an eco-sustainable wound dressing based on Spanish broom flexible cellulosic fabric by impregnation with G. glabra extract-loaded ethosomes. Chemical analysis of G. glabra extract was performed by LC-DAD-MS/MS and its encapsulation into ethosomes was obtained using the ethanol injection method. Lipid vesicles were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, and stability. In vitro release studies, biocompatibility, and scratch test on 3T3 fibroblasts were performed. Moreover, the structure of Spanish broom dressing and its ability to absorb wound exudate was characterized by Synchrotron X-ray phase contrast microtomography (SR-PCmicroCT). Ethosomes showed a good entrapment efficiency, nanometric size, good stability over time and a slow release of polyphenols compared to the free extract, and were not cytotoxic. Lastly, the results revealed that Spanish broom wound dressing loaded with G. glabra ethosomes is able to accelerate wound closure by reducing wound healing time. To sum up, Spanish broom wound dressing could be a potential new green tool for biomedical applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Chitosan (CS) solution added with natural extracts enhanced coating efficiency on banana skin.•CS-based active coating modified banana surface and offered uniform coverage.•Postharvest ...physicochemical changes of coated banana were retarded during storage.•CS-based coating slowed down ripening and enhanced storability of postharvest banana.
Cavendish banana (Musa acuminate L.) is frequently consumed fruit due to the abundant vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds, but its main unfriendliness is high perishability due to the continued respiration after being harvested. Short shelf life of fresh bananas causes remarkable postharvest losses during transportation and storage that affect to the supply and demand for both the domestic and export markets. Herein, edible coating solutions from chitosan enriched with Piper betle L. leaf extract (PBLE) and Sonneratia ovata Back. leaf extract (SOE) were applied to delay the ripening of post-harvest Cavendish banana. The PBLE and SOE with high total polyphenol content were introduced into chitosan solution to impart the outstanding bactericidal and antioxidant function. The viscosity, surface tension, and pH of blend solutions as well as coating efficiency (namely, work of adhesion and spreading coefficient) on banana skin were determined. Chitosan solution co-enriched with SOE and PBLE provided low surface tension and viscosity, leading to high work of adhesion and spreading coefficient as compared to other formulations. Chitosan coatings co-functionalized with SOE and PBLE was found to be efficient to delay the ripening of post-harvest banana during 10-day storage at 20 °C and 64 %RH by controlling CO2 production, weight loss, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity consumption. These findings demonstrated that the chitosan coating co-incorporated with SOE and PBLE has great potential for enhancing storability of agri-food. However, the important challenge in the fruit preservation is the special smell of PBLE, which affects the flavor of inside products and thus, the encapsulation techniques should be performed to mask the PBLE smell in the further investigation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder related with the increase of age and it is the main cause of dementia in the world. AD affects cognitive functions, such as memory, with an ...intensity that leads to several functional losses. The continuous increase of AD incidence demands for an urgent development of effective therapeutic strategies. Despite the extensive research on this disease, only a few drugs able to delay the progression of the disease are currently available. In the last years, several compounds with pharmacological activities isolated from plants, animals and microorganisms, revealed to have beneficial effects for the treatment of AD, targeting different pathological mechanisms. Thus, a wide range of natural compounds may play a relevant role in the prevention of AD and have proven to be efficient in different preclinical and clinical studies. This work aims to review the natural compounds that until this date were described as having significant benefits for this neurological disease, focusing on studies that present clinical trials.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Biosynthesis of nickel oxide, palladium and palladium oxide nanoparticles using Aspalathus Linearis natural extracts.•Nanoparticles were annealed at 200 and 500 °C and characterized by HRTEM, XRD ...and FTIR.•Mechanism of reaction is proposed of bioactive orientin as a representative bioactive compound with nickel precursor.•Electrochemical activity was confirmed by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
The biosynthesis of PdO and NiO nanoparticles (NPs) via Aspalathus Linearis natural extracts as reducing and capping agent and calcinated at 200 and 500 °C. High Resolution Electron Microscope (HRTEM) was used to determine the morphology of PdO NPs exhibited tetragonal and NiO NPs agglomerated quasi spherical shape. The average diameter for PdO NPs is (fparticle) ∼22.7 ± 4.3 nm and NiO NPs is ∼31.8 ± 5 nm. Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) and X-ray diffraction confirmed both nanoparticles are polycrystalline. Mechanism of reaction is proposed and Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the chemical bonding of the natural extract to the NPs, at 451 and 683 cm−1 for Pd and PdO and 481 cm−1 NiO NPs. Cyclic voltammetry showed oxidation peak potential for PdO NPs was 0.5 and 0.64 V and reduction peak at 0.68 V. NiO NPs oxidation peak potential at 0.34, 0.51 and 0.67 V and reduction peak at 0.62 V. Nyquist plot showed the diameter of the semi-circular portion is proportional to the charge transfer resistance with PdO more conductive than NiO nanoparticles. Bode plot showed both NPs are semiconductors with phase angle value of 49.3° for PdO and 50.4° for NiO NPs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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Authenticity of essential oils Do, Thi Kieu Tiên; Hadji-Minaglou, Francis; Antoniotti, Sylvain ...
TrAC, Trends in analytical chemistry (Regular ed.),
March 2015, 2015-03-00, Volume:
66
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
•A comprehensive overview of known adulterations in essential oils.•Analytical methodology for detecting adulterations in essential oils.•Overview on fundamental principles and applications of ...analytical techniques.•Discussion and comparison of advantages and limitations of analytical techniques.
Essential oils are natural materials widely used in many fields all over the world and have become an integral part of everyday life. There is increasing demand for essential oils, which has resulted in cases of adulteration. Authentication is thus a matter of critical importance for both consumers and chemical companies. This comprehensive overview covers known adulterations in essential oils, and some analytical methodologies adopted for their detection. We first list recommended tests, and then we explain and discuss common analytical techniques, such as chiral gas chromatography, isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We also present (high-performance) thin-layer chromatography, vibrational spectroscopy, coupled and multidimensional chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and combination with chemometrics-metabolomics. This review provides a critical overview of existing techniques.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Natural dyes have become an alternative option of interest for textile dyeing. The selection of native species as a natural dye can make its use feasible and enhance local biodiversity. In the ...present study, the extract of Croton urucurana Baill. bark, which is native to Brazil, was investigated as a natural textile dye. The extract showed a reddish-brown color and the presence of tannins. The extract was characterized by physicochemical methods and optimization of the dyeing process was determined by factorial design 23. The dyed fabrics were evaluated for color fastness to light, wash, rubbing and perspiration. They showed colors between beige and reddish-brown and had good fastness properties. Antibacterial activity assessment was performed on the extract and fabrics and UV protection was evaluated in the fabrics. The wastewater generated from the dyeing process was also characterized. It exhibited high biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand, in addition to a large amount of dissolved iron and aluminum, when these metals were used as a mordant in the dyeing process. On balance, the extract of C. urucurana has the potential to be employed as a textile dye.
•Analysis of C. urucurana bark extract showed the presence of tannin-based colorants.•C. urucurana bark extract was used to dye cotton and wool in beige to reddish brown shades.•The 2³-statistical experimental design method gave the optimized dyeing method.•Wastewater analysis indicated that treatment is needed before effluent releases.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The antimicrobial effects of nisin (2000 IU/mL) and grape seed extract (GSE, 1%) against Listeria monocytogenes (SSA184, SSA97 and LM10) inoculated on cooked shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) were ...investigated. Notable reductions (1.7–1.9 log CFU/g reduction) of L. monocytogenes were observed after 15-min treatment of combined nisin and GSE while SSA184 showed the highest susceptibility to the activity of nisin and GSE as compared to other strains. The atomic force microscopy results indicated that greater morphological changes were found in combination treated cells of SSA184, whose width (0.47 μm) and height (0.25 μm) were decreased while the surface roughness (10.12 nm) was increased significantly (P < 0.05). Residual nisin and GSE further inhibited the listerial growth during storage (0.4–0.8 log CFU/g increment). Based on the fitting goodness, Weibull and Baranyi models were verified as the best ones to describe inactivation kinetics of L. monocytogenes and growth dynamics during storage, respectively. Additionally, the colour of cooked shrimpsafter combined treatment were not negatively affected and even protected during storage. In conclusion, the antimicrobial treatment of combined nisin and GSE could be a potential antilisterial strategy for shrimps.
•Nisin and grape seed extract inhibited survival of three L. monocytogenes strains.•Weibull model was suitable to fit the inactivation kinetics of L. monocytogenes.•The growth dynamics of L. monocytogenes at 4 °C was well described by Baranyi model.•Atomic force microscopy revealed greatest morphologic changes in combination group.•Combined treatment improved microbial safety without affecting colour of shrimp.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Aim: Aloysia citrodora has a long history of traditional use in treating various ailments. This study evaluated the in vivo chemopreventive efficacy and systemic toxicity of an extract of A. ...citrodora in a transgenic mouse model of HPV16 (human papillomavirus type 16)-induced cancer. Methods: The experiment involved six groups (n = 5): group 1 (G1, wild-type (WT), water), group 2 (G2, HPV, water), group 3 (G3, WT, 0.013 g/mL), group 4 (G4, HPV, 0.006 g/mL), group 5 (G5, HPV, 0.008 g/mL), and group 6 (G6, HPV, 0.013 g/mL). Throughout the assay, humane endpoints, body weight, food, and water consumption were recorded weekly. The internal organs and skin of the mice were collected for analysis after they were sacrificed. Toxicological parameters that were studied included hematological and biochemical blood markers, splenic and hepatic histology, and hepatic oxidative stress. Results: A. citrodora extract seems to reduce the incidence of dysplastic and in situ carcinoma skin lesions induced by HPV16 in this model, suggesting that dietary supplementation with concentrations of 0.008 g/mL and 0.013 g/mL may have beneficial chemopreventive effects. Conclusions: The extract did not induce any concentration-dependent toxicological effects on any of the parameters included in the study, indicating a favorable toxicological profile under these experimental conditions.
The most common essential oil extraction method is hydrodistillation by steam distillation, which is efficient but results in a large volume of by-products, which are underused within industries, ...such by-products are the aqueous extract and residual biomass, that representing more than 95% of the extracted material. The aqueous extract consists of the fraction of chemical compounds soluble in hot water extracted from the leaves during hydrodistillation process, such as polyphenols, sugars, and their derivatives. These bioactive compounds can be exploited for a wide range of applications with higher commercial value as in reagent standards or in functional foods with antioxidant activity. Here, we characterised the by-products of the hydrodistillation industry of Corymbia citriodora leaves, through sequential extractions with reuse of the extract for concentration of bioactive compounds envisage further application. It was possible to reuse the aqueous extract up to seven times to obtain maximum solids of 49.94 g L−1 without loss of essential oil yield, of which 17.19 g L−1 are polyphenols and 7.31 g L−1 are sugars, amino acids and organic acids were also found in abundance in the extract. However, degradation of some compounds was observed as a function of the time they were exposed to a boiling point temperature (ca. 100 °C) and a more detailed study was conducted to understand their effects on the composition of the extract. The subsequent extraction by hydrodistillation of C. citriodora can increase the wastewater's tannins, and flavonoids. The alteration is mainly attributed to the sugars that decrease sucrose quantity in favour of fructose and glucose. This work demonstrates that the reuse of wastewater can not only be a promising for byproducts with potential commercial interest, but also yielding a stable essential oil without compromise its quality.
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•Reuse of solvent to extract higher quality compounds from hydrodistillation.•Sequential steps for C. Citriodora leaves does not affect the stability of essential oil.•Sugar classes with sequential steps procedure protects phenol compounds.•Condensation/polymerisation increases with sequential steps.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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