Since the development of the new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM) in the 1960s, this technique has been applied successfully in many tunnels. However, opinions of NATM principles emerged till 2000, ...i.e. NATM is not a tunnelling method, but an approach covering all general principles of tunnelling. To investigate the general principles of the NATM, this study focused on tunnelling practises in the Bolu tunnel, and evaluated the conditions under which the NATM practises could be effective. The Bolu tunnel project was designed following the NATM principles. It is evident that practises adopted in this tunnel are important with respect to the NATM. In addition, it shows that the solutions to the problems encountered in this tunnel are consistent with the NATM principles. Finally, the study determines the ground types of the NATM principles and proposes associated updates.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper is concerned with the parameter identification, verification and selected applications of a 3D viscoplastic material model for shotcrete proposed by Meschke. The performance of the ...shotcrete model is evaluated by means of reanalyses of short‐term and creep tests on shotcrete specimen. The most essential items of a viscoplastic cap model used for the representation of soil including the determination of the model parameters are also presented. Both models are employed in a 3D finite element simulation of the excavation of a single‐track tunnel driven according to the New Austrian Tunnelling Method. Comparisons between in situ measurements and numerical results are presented.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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