In this article, I use document embedding models and a training set of nineteenth-century American recipes to build a pipeline classifier for identifying recipes in the broader nineteenth-century ...newspaper press. The model reveals a much more expansive understanding of the recipe form, which primarily centers around measurement words and prescriptive language rather than a heavily reliance upon the culinary. This fluidity of form allows nineteenth-century writers to harness the recipe form as a tool for political commentary all while no appearing to disrupt the careful divides between the public and domestic spheres. These recipe-adjacent texts, which are both recipe and not, offer a broader picture of short-form political commentary in the nineteenth century which can include genres and forms once thought unable to gestured beyond the confines of the kitchen.
Bathing Life and Audience in the Nineteenth Century Balatonfüred Bath culture is one of humanity's oldest civilizational phenomena and – due to its historical, religious and geographical diversity – ...bears the characteristics of a particular age and society. In the nineteenth century, bathing was not only a way of cleansing, but also a way of life, where the preservation of health and healing were linked to the new concept of leisure time, including the arts. Through the history of theatre in Balatonfüred my research examines the composition of the spa from 1702 until the mid-nineteenth century. Balatonfüred played a regional role during the reform era. The essay analyses the spa visitors and audience’s impact on the life and theatre of Balatonfüred, covering the presence of the cultural and political elite of the nineteenth century, placing Balatonfüred on the palette of European bathing and theatrical culture.
In the nineteenth century there was an explosion of interest in gardening at all levels of English Society, including the new middle classes that had developed as a result of the Industrial ...Revolution. For several centuries botanical and gardening books had been available to the wealthier classes who could afford to buy them. These books were expensive to produce and could only be made available for sale in small editions. Coinciding with the craze for gardens and floraculture in nineteenth century Britain were developments in book making technology. After remaining the same since the time of Gutenberg, over the course of the century almost all aspects of book making were mechanized and books could be mass produced at a price that made them accessible to almost all economic levels of society. New cheaper methods of graphic illustration were developed which replaced the more expensive processes such as hand-colored engravings and aquatints. As a result, during the Victorian era, affordable scientifically accurate books that were also beautifully illustrated became more widely available. This paper discusses the developments in graphic illustration in the nineteenth century in relation to the botanical works by Priscilla Susan Bury, Jane Loudon, Anne Pratt, and James Shirley Hibberd. General trends in book illustration will be presented in relation to Bury's A Selection of Hexandrian Plants Belonging to the Natural Orders of Amaryllidae and Liliacae (1831-1834), Loudon's The Ladies Flower-Garden of Ornamental Bulbous Plants (1841), Pratt's The Flowering Plants and Ferns of Great Britain (1850-1857), and Hibberd's Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste and Recreations for Town Folk in the Study and Imitation of Nature (1857) and Familiar Garden Flowers (1879-1897).
In 1748, as yellow fever raged in Charleston, South Carolina, doctor John Lining remarked, "There is something very singular in the constitution of the Negroes, which renders them not liable to this ...fever." Lining's comments presaged ideas about blackness that would endure in medical discourses and beyond. In this fascinating medical history, Rana A. Hogarth examines the creation and circulation of medical ideas about blackness in the Atlantic World during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. She shows how white physicians deployed blackness as a medically significant marker of difference and used medical knowledge to improve plantation labor efficiency, safeguard colonial and civic interests, and enhance control over black bodies during the era of slavery.Hogarth refigures Atlantic slave societies as medical frontiers of knowledge production on the topic of racial difference. Rather than looking to their counterparts in Europe who collected and dissected bodies to gain knowledge about race, white physicians in Atlantic slaveholding regions created and tested ideas about race based on the contexts in which they lived and practiced. What emerges in sharp relief is the ways in which blackness was reified in medical discourses and used to perpetuate notions of white supremacy.
Resumo: O artigo analisa a criminalidade escrava na cidade mineira de Juiz de Fora durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Foram analisados 24 processos criminais nos quais os escravizados ...encontram-se como vítimas, réus e/ou testemunhas. A partir da análise dessa documentação foi possível apontar as motivações das realizações de determinados crimes, como, por exemplo, o roubo e o furto, e o tratamento dado pela justiça a escravos e escravas criminosos. Além desse aspecto, a análise dos processos criminais permitiu demonstrar a intervenção do Estado nas relações entre senhores e escravos ocorrida a partir de 1850 e reconstruir parte do cotidiano dos escravizados envolvidos nas ações criminais.
Abstract: The article analyzes slave criminality in the Minas Gerais city of Juiz de Fora during the second half of the 19th century. Twenty four criminal cases were analyzed in which enslaved people are victims, defendants and/or witnesses. From the analysis of this documentation, it was possible to point out the motivations for carrying out certain crimes, such as robbery and theft, and the treatment given by justice to criminal slaves. In addition to this aspect, the analysis of criminal cases made it possible to demonstrate the intervention of the State in the relations between masters and slaves that occurred from 1850 onwards and to reconstruct part of the daily life of enslaved people involved in criminal actions.
Meticulously researched and beautifully written,Fit to Be Citizens?demonstrates how both science and public health shaped the meaning of race in the early twentieth century. Through a careful ...examination of the experiences of Mexican, Japanese, and Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles, Natalia Molina illustrates the many ways local health officials used complexly constructed concerns about public health to demean, diminish, discipline, and ultimately define racial groups. She shows how the racialization of Mexican Americans was not simply a matter of legal exclusion or labor exploitation, but rather that scientific discourses and public health practices played a key role in assigning negative racial characteristics to the group. The book skillfully moves beyond the binary oppositions that usually structure works in ethnic studies by deploying comparative and relational approaches that reveal the racialization of Mexican Americans as intimately associated with the relative historical and social positions of Asian Americans, African Americans, and whites. Its rich archival grounding provides a valuable history of public health in Los Angeles, living conditions among Mexican immigrants, and the ways in which regional racial categories influence national laws and practices. Molina's compelling study advances our understanding of the complexity of racial politics, attesting that racism is not static and that different groups can occupy different places in the racial order at different times.
This paper scrutinizes the attempts of 19th‐century Belgian and Dutch physician‐editors to convey foreign knowledge in new ways. By analysing their editorial practices and strategies—including the ...duplication (reprinting in full), reduction, modification, and translation of texts—it shows that the introduction of periodical publishing in medicine involved experimentation not only with the style of professional debate, but also with the format of medical knowledge. My analysis of reprinting reveals how editors, in cooperation with publishers, succeeded in broadening the readership of scientific medical texts by including private practitioners. The model for these publishing experiments was not so much the (polemical) newspaper, as was the case in the natural sciences, but rather the encyclopaedia and the handbook. If science was to interest practicing doctors, medical journals had to present scientific texts in a useful and easily consultable form. The core idea of the “reprint journal” was to continuously assemble and render insightful a growing body of international knowledge. This exercise, however, was fraught with tensions: reprint journals were reproached for not having a sufficiently international selection of articles, but at the same time for not being sufficiently “national.” As the framework of the nation‐state gained strength around 1850 and an awareness of authors' rights took a stronger hold, reprinting in medical journals lost its popularity.
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Ligado al concepto de publicidad (lo público) y estrechamente relacionado con el desarrollo y proyección que la prensa ejerció en la configuración de la esfera pública, el café se alza como uno de ...los principales espacios de análisis para el estudio del concierto en Madrid durante la restauración fernandina (1814-1833). La celebración de conciertos en los salones de los cafés fue cada vez más recurrente en la oferta musical madrileña. Este artículo se centrará en examinar los principales elementos que caracterizaron la vida concertística madrileña de este periodo, poniendo especial énfasis en los cambios en los patrones de consumo y sociabilización que propiciaron cambios determinantes en la vida musical en Madrid, proceso en el que el café se constituye en un espacio de especial relevancia.
Which were the mechanisms by which certain groups were positioned at the margins of national narratives during the nineteenth century, either via their exclusion from these narratives of through ...their incorporation into them as ‘others’? By engaging with shifting ideas of exclusion and difference, the authors in this book reflect upon the paradoxical centrality of the subaltern at a time when literature was deployed as a tool for nation building. The lasting presence of the Jewish and Moorish legacy, the portrayal of gypsy characters, or the changing notions of femininity in public discourse exemplify the ways in which images of marginal ‘types’ played a central role in the configuration of the very idea of Spanishness. ¿Cuáles fueron los mecanismos mediante los que ciertos grupos fueron relegados a los márgenes del relato nacional durante el siglo XIX, bien a través de su exclusión de dichos relatos, bien a través de su incorporación a ellos como "otros"? A través del análisis de las ideas de exclusión y diferencia, los autores de este libro reflexionan sobre la paradójica centralidad de lo marginal en una época en la que la literatura fue una herramienta fundamental para la construcción de la nación. La pervivencia del legado judío y morisco, la representación de personajes gitanos o las distintas nociones de feminidad presentes en el discurso público ejemplifican las formas en que las imágenes de "tipos" marginales desempeñaron un papel central en la configuración de la idea de españolidad.
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