In this article, I use document embedding models and a training set of nineteenth-century American recipes to build a pipeline classifier for identifying recipes in the broader nineteenth-century ...newspaper press. The model reveals a much more expansive understanding of the recipe form, which primarily centers around measurement words and prescriptive language rather than a heavily reliance upon the culinary. This fluidity of form allows nineteenth-century writers to harness the recipe form as a tool for political commentary all while no appearing to disrupt the careful divides between the public and domestic spheres. These recipe-adjacent texts, which are both recipe and not, offer a broader picture of short-form political commentary in the nineteenth century which can include genres and forms once thought unable to gestured beyond the confines of the kitchen.
Bathing Life and Audience in the Nineteenth Century Balatonfüred Bath culture is one of humanity's oldest civilizational phenomena and – due to its historical, religious and geographical diversity – ...bears the characteristics of a particular age and society. In the nineteenth century, bathing was not only a way of cleansing, but also a way of life, where the preservation of health and healing were linked to the new concept of leisure time, including the arts. Through the history of theatre in Balatonfüred my research examines the composition of the spa from 1702 until the mid-nineteenth century. Balatonfüred played a regional role during the reform era. The essay analyses the spa visitors and audience’s impact on the life and theatre of Balatonfüred, covering the presence of the cultural and political elite of the nineteenth century, placing Balatonfüred on the palette of European bathing and theatrical culture.
In the nineteenth century there was an explosion of interest in gardening at all levels of English Society, including the new middle classes that had developed as a result of the Industrial ...Revolution. For several centuries botanical and gardening books had been available to the wealthier classes who could afford to buy them. These books were expensive to produce and could only be made available for sale in small editions. Coinciding with the craze for gardens and floraculture in nineteenth century Britain were developments in book making technology. After remaining the same since the time of Gutenberg, over the course of the century almost all aspects of book making were mechanized and books could be mass produced at a price that made them accessible to almost all economic levels of society. New cheaper methods of graphic illustration were developed which replaced the more expensive processes such as hand-colored engravings and aquatints. As a result, during the Victorian era, affordable scientifically accurate books that were also beautifully illustrated became more widely available. This paper discusses the developments in graphic illustration in the nineteenth century in relation to the botanical works by Priscilla Susan Bury, Jane Loudon, Anne Pratt, and James Shirley Hibberd. General trends in book illustration will be presented in relation to Bury's A Selection of Hexandrian Plants Belonging to the Natural Orders of Amaryllidae and Liliacae (1831-1834), Loudon's The Ladies Flower-Garden of Ornamental Bulbous Plants (1841), Pratt's The Flowering Plants and Ferns of Great Britain (1850-1857), and Hibberd's Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste and Recreations for Town Folk in the Study and Imitation of Nature (1857) and Familiar Garden Flowers (1879-1897).
In 1748, as yellow fever raged in Charleston, South Carolina, doctor John Lining remarked, "There is something very singular in the constitution of the Negroes, which renders them not liable to this ...fever." Lining's comments presaged ideas about blackness that would endure in medical discourses and beyond. In this fascinating medical history, Rana A. Hogarth examines the creation and circulation of medical ideas about blackness in the Atlantic World during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. She shows how white physicians deployed blackness as a medically significant marker of difference and used medical knowledge to improve plantation labor efficiency, safeguard colonial and civic interests, and enhance control over black bodies during the era of slavery.Hogarth refigures Atlantic slave societies as medical frontiers of knowledge production on the topic of racial difference. Rather than looking to their counterparts in Europe who collected and dissected bodies to gain knowledge about race, white physicians in Atlantic slaveholding regions created and tested ideas about race based on the contexts in which they lived and practiced. What emerges in sharp relief is the ways in which blackness was reified in medical discourses and used to perpetuate notions of white supremacy.
This modern biography provides a comprehensive and balanced view of a legendary figure in American medicine. Controversial because of his fierce fight against women’s rights, Mitchell achieved ...stunning success through his experimentation with venomous snakes, treatment of Civil War soldiers with phantom limbs and burning pain, and creation of the rest cure to treat hysteria and neurasthenia. Mitchell’s life was extraordinary—interesting in its own right and as a case study in the larger inquiry into nineteenth-century medicine and culture.
In the antebellum South, plantation physicians used a new medical device-the spirometer-to show that lung volume and therefore vital capacity were supposedly less in black slaves than in white ...citizens. At the end of the Civil War, a large study of racial difference employing the spirometer appeared to confirm the finding, which was then applied to argue that slaves were unfit for freedom. What is astonishing is that this example of racial thinking is anything but a historical relic.
InBreathing Race into the Machine, science studies scholar Lundy Braun traces the little-known history of the spirometer to reveal the social and scientific processes by which medical instruments have worked to naturalize racial and ethnic differences, from Victorian Britain to today. Routinely a factor in clinical diagnoses, preemployment physicals, and disability estimates, spirometers are often "race corrected," typically reducing normal values for African Americans by 15 percent.
An unsettling account of the pernicious effects of racial thinking that divides people along genetic lines,Breathing Race into the Machinehelps us understand how race enters into science and shapes medical research and practice.
Resumo: O artigo analisa a criminalidade escrava na cidade mineira de Juiz de Fora durante a segunda metade do século XIX. Foram analisados 24 processos criminais nos quais os escravizados ...encontram-se como vítimas, réus e/ou testemunhas. A partir da análise dessa documentação foi possível apontar as motivações das realizações de determinados crimes, como, por exemplo, o roubo e o furto, e o tratamento dado pela justiça a escravos e escravas criminosos. Além desse aspecto, a análise dos processos criminais permitiu demonstrar a intervenção do Estado nas relações entre senhores e escravos ocorrida a partir de 1850 e reconstruir parte do cotidiano dos escravizados envolvidos nas ações criminais.
Abstract: The article analyzes slave criminality in the Minas Gerais city of Juiz de Fora during the second half of the 19th century. Twenty four criminal cases were analyzed in which enslaved people are victims, defendants and/or witnesses. From the analysis of this documentation, it was possible to point out the motivations for carrying out certain crimes, such as robbery and theft, and the treatment given by justice to criminal slaves. In addition to this aspect, the analysis of criminal cases made it possible to demonstrate the intervention of the State in the relations between masters and slaves that occurred from 1850 onwards and to reconstruct part of the daily life of enslaved people involved in criminal actions.
Meticulously researched and beautifully written,Fit to Be Citizens?demonstrates how both science and public health shaped the meaning of race in the early twentieth century. Through a careful ...examination of the experiences of Mexican, Japanese, and Chinese immigrants in Los Angeles, Natalia Molina illustrates the many ways local health officials used complexly constructed concerns about public health to demean, diminish, discipline, and ultimately define racial groups. She shows how the racialization of Mexican Americans was not simply a matter of legal exclusion or labor exploitation, but rather that scientific discourses and public health practices played a key role in assigning negative racial characteristics to the group. The book skillfully moves beyond the binary oppositions that usually structure works in ethnic studies by deploying comparative and relational approaches that reveal the racialization of Mexican Americans as intimately associated with the relative historical and social positions of Asian Americans, African Americans, and whites. Its rich archival grounding provides a valuable history of public health in Los Angeles, living conditions among Mexican immigrants, and the ways in which regional racial categories influence national laws and practices. Molina's compelling study advances our understanding of the complexity of racial politics, attesting that racism is not static and that different groups can occupy different places in the racial order at different times.
Among the most far-reaching effects of the modern environmental movement was the widespread acknowledgment that human beings were inescapably part of a larger ecosystem. With this book, Linda Nash ...gives us a wholly original and much longer history of "ecological" ideas of the body as that history unfolded in California's Central Valley. Taking us from nineteenth-century fears of miasmas and faith in wilderness cures to the recent era of chemical pollution and cancer clusters, Nash charts how Americans have connected their diseases to race and place as well as dirt and germs. In this account, the rise of germ theory and the pushing aside of an earlier environmental approach to illness constituted not a clear triumph of modern biomedicine but rather a brief period of modern amnesia. As Nash shows us, place-based accounts of illness re-emerged in the postwar decades, galvanizing environmental protest against smog and toxic chemicals. Carefully researched and richly conceptual,Inescapable Ecologiesbrings critically important insights to the histories of environment, culture, and public health, while offering a provocative commentary on the human relationship to the larger world.
PDF
