In Poland, the afforestation rate is slowing down from year to year. An analysis of the demographic structure of land owners suitable for afforestation may contribute to a better recognition of ...trends and needs in order to increase the effectiveness of National Programme for the Augmentation of Forest Cover implementation, and thus increase interest in RDP activities. The aim of the study was to verify whether interest in afforestation among farmers is the same across the country in different age groups.
The data presented in the publication come from the resources of the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARiMR). The data covered the years 2004–2018 and were sorted by: voivodships (16), age group of beneficiaries of subsidies (4 groups), year of submitting the application (15 years) and the number of applications submitted. Beneficiaries were divided into four age groups: up to 30 years old, 31–40 years old, 41–60 and older than 60 years.
Interest in afforestation changed in the period after Poland’s accession to the European Union. In recent years, there has been a significant decrease in the number of applications for afforestation subsidies submitted. There are also significant differences between the voivodships in the number of applications submitted. Farmers from eastern and southern Poland are more active in submitting applications for afforestation, and will reduce the so-called Recovered Territories in the western, northern and north-eastern part of Poland. Most afforestation in the entire analysed period is carried out by farmers aged 41–60 years. In the initial period, more applications were submitted by farmers of age over 60 years. In recent years, however, young farmers, that is, up to 40 years, are more interested in afforestation, than other groups.
To increase interest in afforestation, more support should be directed to young farmers who, as part of farm specialization, may receive additional incentives for afforestation of land that is less useful to them.
Mangrove forests are important carbon sinks in the tropics, yet tropical mangrove deforestation and land use conversion still persists. Reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from natural and ...anthropogenic sources in wetlands are important in regional and national emissions inventories. However, very few studies have been conducted to measure on the GHG fluxes in coastal wetlands, particularly in mangrove forest and non-forest land uses in deforested mangroves. We investigated the soil fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O in mangrove forest and non-forest land uses on deforested mangrove areas (i.e. abandoned aquaculture ponds, coconut plantations, abandoned salt ponds, and cleared mangroves) in the coasts of Honda Bay, Philippines. Results showed that the emissions of CO2 and CH4 were higher by 2.6 and 6.6 times in mangrove forests (110 and 0.6kg CO2e ha −1 day −1, respectively) while N2O emissions were lower by 34 times compared to the average of non-forest land uses (1.3kg CO2e ha −1 day −1). CH4 and N2O emissions accounted for 0.59% and 0.04% of the total emissions in mangrove forest as compared to 0.23% and 3.07% for non-forest land uses, respectively. Site-scale soil GHG flux distribution could be mapped with 75% to 83% accuracy using Ordinary Kriging. Unlike mangroves that can offset all GHG emissions through CO2 uptake from photosynthesis, the non-forest land uses cannot offset their emissions on-site as they are usually devoid of vegetation. Our results could be utilised in higher tier national GHG inventories, to refine regional and global estimates of GHG emissions in mangrove wetlands, and improve policy on coastal wetlands conservation.
•Emissions of CO2 and CH4 are higher by 2.6 and 6.6 times in mangrove forest than their replacement non-forest land uses.•N2O emission is higher by 34 times in non-forest land uses than mangroves.•Mapping spatial variation of soil GHG fluxes had 75% to 83% accuracy.•Non-forest land uses cannot offset their emissions on-site due to lack of woody vegetation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
A major worldwide problem, especially from the perspective of preserving biodiversity and ecological stability (ES) of the landscape, is the significant gradual degradation and loss of habitats. In ...the context of ever-changing global conditions, the preservation of healthy ecosystems and their valuable services as well as the interconnection of patches of existing habitats should be encouraged. In Slovakia, conception of the Territorial System of Ecological Stability (TSES) was developed. Biodiversity conservation can be created by means of an integrated approach to management of the landscape and careful spatial planning respecting TSES. Land Consolidation (LC) projects, of which TSES constitutes a key part, are amongst the real planning and implementation tools in the Slovak Republic. Thus, TSES represents a real tool for implementation of landscape changes in order to strengthen ES and biodiversity of the landscape with regard to the current European trends in biodiversity policy. This article describes a Local Territorial System of Ecological Stability (LTSES) project developed as a part of LCs in the cadastral territory of Hody (Galanta, Slovak Republic). The aim was to create a functional proposal of LTSES with all basic types of proposals to strengthen biodiversity and ES of model territory – proposal for establishing new eco-stabilising elements – groups and strips of non-forest woody vegetation (NFWV), proposal for ecologically optimal land use, proposal for eco-stabilising measures in forest ecosystems and proposal for hydro-ecological measures.
In this study biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs) were developed for young Norway spruce trees planted on non-forest lands, in order to support quantification of carbon stock changes in ...biomass pools of afforestation works. Regression models for stem volume and stem wood density were also developed. The data set included 250 trees collected from 25 plantations between 1 and 12 years old, located in the Eastern Carpathians of Romania. The study shows that BCEFs decreased with increasing tree dimensions, following an exponential trend. In all proposed models the highest prediction was reached when both variables considered (i.e. root-collar diameter and height) were used together. However, used separately, height produced a slightly higher prediction compared to root-collar diameter. Stem volume was well predicted by both root-collar diameter and height. Anyway, a significant improvement in prediction resulted when both variables were used together. Stem wood density decreased sharply with the increase of the two tree dimensions used as variables.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
From 2003 to 2005, this work studied the preference of tree species on non-forest land in the forest district Soutok (Southern Moravia, Czech Republic) in order to evaluate the suitability of the ...area for the development and the its importance in relation to the decrease of damage in neighbouring production forests. The diet included the total of 14 tree species with diameter interval reaching from 1–10 cm to 191–200 cm. The most preferred species was Common Ash (Fraxinus excelsior) (40.5 %) with the diameter 1–10 cm and willow (Salix spp.) (31.7 %) with the diameter 11–20 cm – both species with good ability to regenerate. Activities of European beaver negatively influenced the population of European white elm (Ulmus laevis), which belongs to the endangered species. Significant is the low ratio of poplars Populus spp. (7.9 %) caused by the forest management. Maintaining the suitable tree composition and a sufficiently high percentage of individual tree species – in favour of willows and poplars – can result in the needed decrease of stress caused by the population of beaver on the adjacent forest stands and in the decrease of possible damage.
The contribution brings detail characteristics of the so-called white areas. It aims to describe white areas on the basis of selected attributes of agricultural land (such as typological-productive ...categories of agricultural land, potential level of cost-effectivness at crops growing, primary, secondary and other agricultural soil funds) and to compare these results with the results of procedures applied in the APVV project Waste lands and landscape abandoning in Slovakia as well as to highlight discrepancies in delimitation of both forest and agricultural soil fund. Nearly 80% of the Slovak white areas is situated on potential uneconomic agricultural soils, most of white areas (70%) is situated on the other agricultural soil fund and 25% of forests on non-forest land are not registered in the agricultural soil fund.
Prispevok prinaša bližšie charakteristiky tzv. „bielych ploch“. Ide o lesy nachadzajuce sa mimo evidovanych lesnych pozemkov v katastri. Cieľom prispevku je charakterizovať „biele plochy“ na zaklade vybranych charakteristik poľnohospodarskej pody (typologicko-produkčne kategorie poľnohospodarskej pody, potencialna uroveň miery rentability pod pri pestovani poľnohospodarskych plodin, primarny, sekundarny a ostatny poľnohospodarsky podny fond) a porovnať tieto vysledky s vysledkami postupov uplatnenych v ramci projektu APVV Spustnuté pôdy a pustnutie krajiny Slovenska, ako aj upozorniť na nezrovnalosti vo vymedzeni lesneho a poľnohospodarskeho fondu. Takmer 80 % „bielych ploch“ SR sa nachadza na potencialne nerentabilnych poľnohospodarskych podach, vačšina „bielych ploch“ (70 %) sa nachadza na ostatnom poľnohospodarskom fonde a 25 % lesov na nelesnych pozemkoch nie je vobec evidovanych v poľnohospodarskom podnom fonde.
We present the state and the development of forests on non-forest land in the area of the Czech Republic (CZ) and Slovakia (SK). The forests have a different origin, and are currently outside the ...interest of forest management, nor the whole forestry related legislation is applicable to them. The national forest inventory (NFI) was performed in CZ in the years 2001–2004 and 2011–2014, while in SK in the years 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. The NFI sampling was applied to all forests, i.e. to those growing on both forest and non-forest land. According to the NFI data, the current proportion of forests on non-forest land was not negligible, since in CZ it reached almost 10%, and in SK even more, 13%. While in CZ they were more evenly spatially distributed, in SK they occurred mainly in the central and eastern parts. Broadleaved tree species accounted for approximately two thirds of their growing stock. Their tree species composition was more diverse than the one on forest land. Carbon stock in tree (aboveground and belowground) biomass of forests on non-forest land was 28.5 ±1.6 million tons in CZ and 20.3 ±2.9 million tons in SK, which represented 7.7 ±0.4% and 7.7 ±1.1% of the total tree biomass in CZ and SK, respectively. Hence, it is important to take the forests on non-forest land into account, to see their current state positively, to include them to other forests and to try to maximise the use of their functions by society.
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