•Interpretations of facial emoji were established among Chinese consumers.•Dominant meanings for 33 facial emoji were uncovered.•Emoji conveyed a broad range of emotions that span degrees of valence ...and arousal.•Clusters of emoji with similar meaning were established (n=15).
Emoji are increasingly popular in computer-mediated communications, and people often use them spontaneously. This indicates a potential to harness emoji for use in consumer research. However, little is known about how consumers interpret emoji and what meanings are associated to different emoji. In a study of 33 facial emoji, conducted with Chinese consumers (n=1084), the present research begins to close this knowledge gap. Data were collected in an online survey that asked participants to select words they perceived as being applicable for describing the emotional meaning of the emoji (CATA question with 39 terms). The studied emoji spanned a broad range of emotions, which varied in valence (e.g., smiling face vs. angry face) and arousal (e.g., sleepy face and face with stuck out tongue and winking eye). A strong association with one emotion/mood was established for 15 emoji, and associations of lesser strength with several but related emotions/moods was established for 10 emoji. The remaining eight emoji were associated with different moods and emotions, indicating multiple and unrelated meanings. Emoji with similar facial expression had largely similar meanings (e.g., neutral face and expressionless face; and the different smiling face emoji). For most emoji, consumers’ interpretations corresponded to meanings listed in internet resources, and there was also concordance between the empirical results and the internet meanings with regard to multiple words being applicable to describing every emoji. Validation of the established meanings is required, and in the future consideration should be given to agreement/disagreement among consumers in emoji meaning. Extension of the research to other consumer populations and emoji is needed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Group interactions influence human social and cognitive function. However, the non-verbal vehicles of that influence remain poorly understood. To address this question, here we present a taxonomy of ...interactive non-verbal attentional gaze behaviours - social referencing, participation, and mutual engagement - which we captured and characterized during live three-person interactions. Experiment 1 measured how each of these non-verbal indices predicted both the groups' social dynamic (in terms of leadership perception) and later individual group member's behaviour (in terms of gaze following magnitudes). The data indicated that the three attentional gaze behaviours (i) reliably reflected the groups' nonverbal dynamics, (ii) predicted the groups' social dynamics, and (iii) connected meaningfully with individual members' behaviour. Experiment 2 confirmed that these group-to-individual links were dependent on individuals participating in a prior group interaction. Thus, our taxonomy of nonverbal attentional gaze behaviours characterizes both group and individual function well, and as such provides a methodological foundation for future investigations of non-verbal group dynamics and their links with individual behaviour.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
23.
Polling the Face Rule, Nicholas O; Ambady, Nalini; Adams, Reginald B ...
Journal of personality and social psychology,
01/2010, Volume:
98, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Previous work has shown that individuals agree across cultures on the traits that they infer from faces. Previous work has also shown that inferences from faces can be predictive of important ...outcomes within cultures. The current research merges these two lines of work. In a series of cross-cultural studies, the authors asked American and Japanese participants to provide naïve inferences of traits from the faces of U.S. political candidates (Studies 1 and 3) and Japanese political candidates (Studies 2 and 4). Perceivers showed high agreement in their ratings of the faces, regardless of culture, and both sets of judgments were predictive of an important ecological outcome (the percentage of votes that each candidate received in the actual election). The traits predicting electoral success differed, however, depending on the targets' culture. Thus, when American and Japanese participants were asked to provide explicit inferences of how likely each candidate would be to win an election (Studies 3-4), judgments were predictive only for same-culture candidates. Attempts to infer the electoral success for the foreign culture showed evidence of self-projection. Therefore, perceivers can reliably infer predictive information from faces but require knowledge about the target's culture to make these predictions accurately.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
Abstract
Deirdre Wilson (2018)
provides a reflective overview of a volume
devoted to the historic application of relevance-theoretic ideas to literary studies. She maintains a view argued elsewhere ...that
the putative non-propositional nature of (among other things) literary effects are an illusion, a view which dates to Sperber and
Wilson (
1986/1995
: 224): “If you look at non-propositional affective effects through
the microscope of relevance theory, you see a wide array of minute cognitive i.e., propositional effects.” This paper suggests
an alternative, that modern-day humans have two apparently different modes of expressing and interpreting information: one of
these is a system in which propositional, cognitive effects dominate; the other involves direct, non-propositional effects. The
paper concludes by describing two ways such affects might be assimilated into relevance theory. The first, to accept that humans
are much more than merely cognitive organisms; the second, to rethink quite radically what we mean by cognition.
This article describes contribution of the Kharkiv linguistic school to the formation of theory of non-verbal communication (NVC) and indicates the periods of its development in Ukrainian ...linguistics: from the psycholinguistic research of Oleksandr Potebnia (the late nineteenth century) to modern pragmalinguistic studies. The article aims to familiarise the European scholarly community with theoretical achievements of world-class Ukrainian linguists: Oleksandr Potebnia, Leonid Bulakhovs′kyĭ, Iuriĭ Shevel′ov (Iuriĭ Sherekh, George Shevelov), who directly or indirectly formed a theory of non-verbal communication (its methodological postulates, typology of non-verbal parameters, terminology), as well as with achievements of their followers, representatives of the pragmalinguistic branch of the Kharkiv linguistic school, exploring issues of NVC theory in the framework of discourse theory. Modern Ukrainian linguists actively develop non-verbal communication theory in relation to discourse practice (theoretical, terminological, stylistic, ethnocultural, idiolectic, gender and lexicographic aspects) and declare to have worked out a methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the non-verbal communication system on the basis of oral and written Ukrainian material. However, the article draws attention to the lack of a national Ukrainian theoretical platform, uniform NVC metalanguage and research methods, and identifies this issue as the most pressing research challenge. Based on the presented conceptualisations, the article identifies five periods of the formation and development of the Ukrainian theory of NVC, as reflected in the achievements of the most well-known and the strongest school in Ukrainian linguistics: (1) the initial period: late 19th – early 20th centuries; (2) the avant-garde period: 1920s–1930s; (3) the Soviet period: 1930s–1960s; (4a) the (“post-Soviet”) diaspora period (1970s); (4b) the post-Soviet period (1990s); (5) the current period: since the early 2000s. The article also outlines research prospects in this study area.
Kidd and Garcia report that language acquisition studies are skewed toward monolingual and English-speaking populations. This commentary considers Kidd and Garcia’s arguments in light of our research ...on mother-preschooler discourse and non-verbal communication in Thai monolingual and Thai-English bilingual children. We discuss lessons learned from testing linguistically diverse children and underscore the importance of research on non-WEIRD (Western, Industrialized, Educated, Rich, and Democratic) populations. We advocate for the inclusion of children who speak understudied languages and those who speak multiple languages in developmental science.
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Despite being a pan-cultural phenomenon, laughter is arguably the least understood behaviour deployed in social interaction. As well as being a response to humour, it has other important functions ...including promoting social affiliation, developing cooperation and regulating competitive behaviours. This multi-functional feature of laughter marks it as an adaptive behaviour central to facilitating social cohesion. However, it is not clear how laughter achieves this social cohesion. We consider two approaches to understanding how laughter facilitates social cohesion - the 'representational' approach and the 'affect-induction' approach. The representational approach suggests that laughter conveys information about the expresser's emotional state, and the listener decodes this information to gain knowledge about the laugher's felt state. The affect-induction approach views laughter as a tool to influence the affective state of listeners. We describe a modified version of the affect-induction approach, in which laughter is combined with additional factors - including social context, verbal information, other social signals and knowledge of the listener's emotional state - to influence an interaction partner. This view asserts that laughter by itself is ambiguous: the same laughter may induce positive or negative affect in a listener, with the outcome determined by the combination of these additional factors. Here we describe two experiments exploring which of these approaches accurately describes laughter. Participants judged the genuineness of audio-video recordings of social interactions containing laughter. Unknown to the participants the recordings contained either the original laughter or replacement laughter from a different part of the interaction. When replacement laughter was matched for intensity, genuineness judgements were similar to judgements of the original unmodified recordings. When replacement laughter was not matched for intensity, genuineness judgements were generally significantly lower. These results support the affect-induction view of laughter by suggesting that laughter is inherently underdetermined and ambiguous, and that its interpretation is determined by the context in which it occurs.
The clothes we wear are not only a physical means of protection from the cold and the sun, but also have a cultural component in the domain of non-verbal visual communication. In any occasion and ...environment, the color of the clothes attracts attention. Color symbolism is important for fashion designers because the colors of different parts of clothing evoke certain connotations, which depend on the situation in which the clothing is worn. The color of clothes has a psychological effect on people and leaves a strong impression when contacting another person. The first part of the paper describes the importance of color from the aspect of aesthetics and communication ability of clothes, i.e. the promotional effect of color on the recognition of the usefulness of the product by customers. In the second part, the color systems that are important for the clothing industry and the numerical evaluation of color are described
The main objective was to explore the impact of personal protective equipment and social distancing on nurses, caregivers and children's communication and relationship in a maternal and child health ...hospital.
The spread of COVID-19 pandemic made it necessary to apply infection prevention and control measures, including interpersonal distancing and the use of personal protective equipment. These measures may impact communication and relationship between nurses, patients and caregivers especially in a complex environment, such as a paediatric setting.
A qualitative descriptive study design was adopted. Reporting followed the COREQ guidelines.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted in two wards of a maternal and child health hospital in north-east Italy. Data were collected between September and November 2020. Transcripts were analysed using inductive content analysis.
Seventeen caregivers and 17 nurses were recruited using convenience sampling. Three themes were identified, namely: "Impact on a trustworthy relationship"; "Impact on common communication resources"; and "Strategies to overcome barriers". Participants agreed Covid-19 infection prevention and control measures impacted key elements of family-centred and compassionate care. Communication strategies and play were critical to overcoming the barriers encountered.
COVID-19 containment measures impact communication and family-centred care in paediatric hospital settings. There is a need for stakeholders to consider family needs in interventions aimed at controlling pandemics' impact.
While COVID-19 pandemic urgency intensified the use of PPE and social distancing, strategies to overcome issues related to family-centred care should be considered in those wards such as oncology or infectious disease paediatric departments where these measures are continuously adopted. Beyond a greater communication awareness, strategies may comprise the implementation of virtual care to guarantee support, continuity of care and information between the child, the healthcare team and the family members that are not admitted to the hospital for safety reasons.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Illness and recovery transform embodied experience, and transform the experience of space. Space, in turn, is a valuable resource in the telling of an illness narrative. Starting from a ...phenomenological perspective that takes the body to be the centre of experience, and hence of selfhood and storytelling, this article offers an argument for and an approach to analysing space as a narrative resource in stories about illness and recovery. Using a case study of one woman's stories about her amputation, it demonstrates how both narrated space and narrating space can be used as devices to structure the narrative and position its characters and interlocutors to construct the narrator's embodied experiences and identities. The article reveals intersections between embodied experience, space, and narrative identity construction, offering a new way of attending to illness narratives and a new way of engaging with narrative space.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
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