Cet article analyse les néologismes créés par Glenn Albrecht dans son dernier ouvrage, Les émotions de la Terre. Des nouveaux mots pour un nouveau monde, et la fonction qu’ils occupent dans le ...discours de l’écopsychologie. Nous concluons à la nécessité d’étudier les néologismes émergents dans ce domaine et montrons de quelle façon l’innovation lexicale permet au lecteur d’appréhender une nouvelle manière de concevoir et de dire les émotions liées à la catastrophe écologique.
This study explores a dataset of Covid-related terms drawn from the Coronavirus Corpus (2020) in order to examine the impact of the crisis on language development in terms of novel words employed in ...popularisation discourse, namely online newspapers and magazines. The primary goals of the study are (1) to establish the stability, recognition and reusability of Covid-19 novel words (i.e. whether they are proper neologisms or nonce words), and (2) to investigate their main functions and effects. Results from a discourse-based analysis show that, on the one hand, new compounds (e.g. Covid-free) and regularly derived words (e.g. post-Covid) are used to disseminate information about the Covid-19 crisis to laymen and non-specialists. On the other hand, novel blends and similar creative words (e.g. coronapocalypse from ‘coronavirus’ and ‘apocalypse’) often have the function of breaking the tensions created by a difficult, even catastrophic scenario, but may also be used in the context of hate speech, to criticise or attack others, such as people ignoring stay-at-home orders and public health measures.
Good-Enough Processing accounts posit a two-stream mechanism by which an algorithmic, bottom-up parse is simultaneously built alongside a heuristic, top-down parse that is prone, in real-time, to ...influences from real-world expectations, which sometimes leads to misinterpretations of implausible events. Post-interpretive accounts suggest the offline findings often used as evidence introduce interference due to the memory they require, favouring instead an algorithmic-only account of parsing. The current study uses self-paced reading, question answering, and sentence completions to provide converging evidence for these misinterpretations, using nonce-nouns as a baseline for increased working memory burden against which event plausibility can be compared. The findings reveal a pattern where implausible sentences rarely cause online processing difficulty compared to plausible sentences while at the same time resulting in higher rates of misinterpretation. The data favour a Good-Enough processing account and highlight the issues with relying solely on online methods for psycholinguistic inquiry.
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This paper investigates the acoustic correlates of stress in European Portuguese. Using a nonce word experiment, this study controls the phonological environment of the stimuli so stressed and ...unstressed vowels with the same quality can be directly compared. Of the five acoustic measures examined, duration is the most robust correlate of stress, but the effect is limited to certain vowels and speakers. Care is taken to separate the effects of independent phonological processes on acoustic properties that are also influenced by stress.
O okazionalizmima Skender Libhard, Inja
Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje,
09/2020, Volume:
46, Issue:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Peer reviewed
Open access
Cilj je ovoga rada rasvijetliti pojam okazionalizma na temelju istraživanja hrvatskih i njemačkih jezikoslovaca jer se okazionalizmi u aktualnoj literaturi shvaćaju na različite načine. Naime, često ...se spominju samo u kontekstu neologizama, čime se umanjuje njihova važnost kao važne podskupine leksičkih inovacija. Naglasak stavljamo na rječogradne postupke kojima okazionalizmi nastaju te na mogućnosti njihova prevođenja. Donosimo i rezultate analize stotinu njemačkih okazionalizama s obzirom na na rječogradbu i prijevod na hrvatski. Pritom okazionalizme smatramo kulturno specifičnim leksičkim jedinicama koje su nužno povezane s određenom jezičnom zajednicom u određenom trenutku s jedne strane te inovativnošću svojeg autora odnosno kontekstom u kojem se pojavljuju s druge strane.
The aim of this paper is to tackle the concept of nonce words based on the research of Croatian and German linguists, considering the variety of approaches to nonce words in contemporary scholarship. Nonce words are frequently studied only within the domain of neologisms, which undervalues their importance as a significant subcategory of lexical innovations. This paper places emphasis on the word-building processes in the creation of nonce words and the options for translating them. We present the results of the analysis of around a hundred German nonce words with regard to their word-building patterns and their translation into Croatian. In the analysis we consider nonce words to be culturespecific units which are on the one hand necessarily related to a language community at a certain point in time and on the other to the innovativeness of their author and the context in which they appear.
For decades, developmental research has involved the study of sex differences in language acquisition. Many studies of these differences have found a slight advantage in competence for females early ...in life that seems to wane with age. However, because most of these studies have focused on sex differences in mean values, they have mostly neglected sex differences in variance with males being more variable. In the current study, we examined sex differences in language competence in terms of mean values and variance in large samples (N > 10,000) of German children aged 3–6 years. We administered several tests to assess the children's vocabulary, grammar, speech comprehension, pronunciation, and the processing of sentences and nonce words. Girls performed better than boys in all domains, most often to a statistically significant degree, although the effect sizes were small. Differences decreased with age. Boys varied significantly more than girls in their language competence. In response, we discuss explanations for these findings, as well as recommend directions for future research.
Forty-eight toddlers participated in a word-learning task to assess gesture input on mapping nonce words to unfamiliar objects. Receptive fast mapping and expressive naming for target object-word ...pairs were tested in three conditions - with a point, with a shape gesture, and in a no-gesture, word-only condition. No statistically significant effect of gesture for receptive fast-mapping was found but age was a factor. Two year olds outperformed one year olds for both measures. Only one girl in the one-year-old group correctly named any items. There was a significant interaction between gesture and gender for expressive naming. Two-year-old girls were six times more likely than two-year-old boys to correctly name items given point and shape gestures; whereas, boys named more items taught with the word only than with a point or shape gesture. The role of gesture input remains unclear, particularly for children under two years and for toddler boys.
Previous research on the acquisition of grammatical gender has shown that this property is acquired early in transparent gender systems such as Russian. However, it is not clear to what extent ...children are sensitive to the assignment cues and to what extent they simply memorize correspondences between frequent lexical items. Furthermore, we do not know if bilingual children are different from monolingual children in this respect. This article reports on a study investigating bilingual children’s sensitivity to gender assignment cues in Russian. A group of 64 bilingual German–Russian children living in Germany participated in the study, as well as 107 monolingual controls in Russia. The elicitation experiments used both real and nonce words, as well as noun phrases with mismatched cues (where the morphophonological shape of the noun cued one gender and the agreement on the modifying adjective another). The results show that both bilinguals and monolinguals are highly sensitive to cues, both to the frequent transparent cues and to more fine-grained gender regularities in situations where there is ambiguity. There is also an age effect, showing that younger children pay more attention to the cue on the noun itself, thus displaying a preference for regular patterns, while older children are more sensitive to gender agreement on other targets.
This study aims to show that the VOTs of English stops are phonetically influenced by non-local segments. Eight native English speakers (4 females and 4 males) produced nonce words of the forms ...C1V1C2 and C1V1C2VC with variation in the voicing of C1 and C2. Phonetic analysis found, first, that voiceless C1-VOT shortening occurs regressively when followed by another voiceless stop across a vowel, but C2-VOT is not affected by C1. Second, VOT modulation in English voiceless stops is non-local in the sense that the Cs triggering VOT shortening need not be root-adjacent. Third, the interval, which is the distance between the intervening V1 and C2, plays a role in triggering C1-VOT shortening. These results support Walter's (2007) claim that the VOT modulation in English results from the articulatory difficulty associated with repeating laryngeal cues within a short time. They will be discussed in light of phonetic proximity, particularly limits on the distance at which corresponding Cs may occur. Directionality will also be discussed regarding the target of VOT modulation in light of the avoidance of recurrent aspiration.
Previous research by Rader and Zukow-Goldring (2010, 2012, 2015) on word learning found that infants benefit from a speaker's use of a show gesture. Here we examined whether this benefit exists in ...typically developing (TD) children aged 24.2–76.7 months, as well as in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) aged 5.8–8.2 years. While we recorded eye gaze, children viewed a video showing a speaker introducing two novel objects with nonce words. In the show condition, the speaker moved the object in synchrony with her speech, while in the static condition she held the object stationary. After the speaker introduced the objects, we assessed word learning. Analysis of word learning found that the TD toddlers and the ASD children benefited from the show condition, while preschool and elementary-aged TD children learned equally well in both gesture conditions. We propose that show gestures present metamodal information specifying word reference relationships and that this information is used by TD toddlers and older ASD children in learning words.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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