The current paper reports the changes in the structural and optical properties of antimony‐doped tin sulfide ternary (SbxSn1‐xS) (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) thin films synthesized by the thermal ...evaporation technique on a glass substrate. Structural characterization techniques such as X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy of the prepared sample revealed that the thin films are crystalline in nature. The nanoflake‐like structure was found from the surface morphological analysis performed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The concentration of the compositional elements was confirmed from the energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The linear and nonlinear optical parameters were calculated by using the transmission data obtained from UV–vis spectroscopy in the range of 800–1100 nm. The optical measurements showed an increase in transmittance and shifting of the absorption edge. The optical bandgap increased (1.239–1.378 eV) and the refractive index decreased with the increase of Sb concentration, satisfying the Moss rule. The nonlinear susceptibility and the nonlinear refractive index (n2) decreased with Sb content. The changes in both linear and nonlinear parameters by varying the antimony doping concentration could be helpful for controlling the optical properties of SbxSn1‐xS thin films and could be a suitable candidate for many photonics and optoelectronic applications.
The effect of Sb doping in SnS alloys that decreases in transmission and increase in optical bandgap and simultaneous decrease in non‐linear susceptibility.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Structure characterization of penta(zinc porphyrin)60fullerene.•Optical absorption and fluorescence emission of penta(TMS)C60, triazole-ZnP and penta(ZnP)C60.•Second- and third-order ...nonlinear optical investigations of PMMA guest-host and PVD thin films.•Strong reverse saturable absorption of penta(TMS)C60 and triazole-ZnP compounds.
Penta(zinc porphyrin)60fullerene, in which a fullerene (C60) with attached five electron donating zinc porphyrin moieties was synthesized. The nonlinear optical response was studied together with reference penta(trimethylsilyl)C60 and triazole-zinc porphyrin compounds. The second and third harmonic generation in both guest-host polymeric films deposited by means of spin coating technique and films obtained by physical vapor deposition technique was investigated via Maker fringe technique employing 30 ps laser pulses at 1064 nm. The second and third order susceptibilities as well as second hyperpolarizabilities were determined. Penta(zinc porphyrin)60fullerene in solutions and PMMA films demonstrated strong reverse saturable absorption in Z-scan measurements employing the laser double frequency. The nonlinear absorption coefficient and imaginary part of cubic susceptibility were obtained for solutions and films. The second hyperpolarizability and nonlinear absorption cross section were extracted as well. Penta(zinc porphyrin)60fullerene shows attractive optical limiting response property suitable for photonic applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We critically analyze reported measured values of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ(3) of bulk gold. Reported values of this quantity span a range of more than three orders of ...magnitude. Much of this variation results from the use of different measurement procedures which are sensitive to different contributions to the nonlinear optical response. For example, values measured through use of third-harmonic generation or non-degenerate four-wave mixing tend to be significantly lower than those obtained from measurements of the intensity-dependent refractive index. We ascribe this behavior to the fact that the first two processes respond only to “instantaneous” nonlinearities, whereas the nonlinear refractive index has a contribution from the much stronger but much slower “hot electron,” or “Fermi-smearing” mechanism, which has a response time of the order of picoseconds. The data also reveal that the hot-electron contribution has a strong dependence on laser wavelength, because of the turn-on of the 5d to 6sp transition at about 550nm. It is hoped that the compilation presented here will prove useful in establishing what value of χ(3) is most appropriate for adoption under various laboratory conditions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
This article has reported the synthesis of the Cu2MnSnS4 thin films of different thicknesses using a cost-effective spray pyrolysis technique. The X-ray diffraction results of the Cu2MnSnS4 thin ...films have demonstrated that the Cu2MnSnS4 films are polycrystalline in nature and exhibited a tetragonal structure. The linear optical results of the Cu2MnSnS4 thin films revealed that the films illustrate optical direct transitions and optical energy gaps in the range (1.49 eV–1.21 eV). The effect of thickness on the skin depth δ, absorption coefficient α, linear refractive index n and the static refractive index no of the Cu2MnSnS4 thin films was studied. Moreover, the results have displayed that there is an improvement in the magnitudes of the refractive index, optical conductivity, third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility and the nonlinear refractive index of the Cu2MnSnS4 thin films occurred with increasing the thickness.
•A promising CMTS thin films were synthesized by the spray pyrolysis technique.•The dispersion parameters of the CMTS thin films were studied.•The optical conductivity and skin depth of the CMTS thin films were evaluated.•The nonlinear optical constants of the CMTS thin films were evaluated and analyzed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The nonlinear optical (NLO) performance of rhenium containing azo-based iminopyridine complexes is studied. For this scope, the proven methods of Maker fringe and Z-scan are used. The second and ...third harmonic generation (SHG and THG) measurements in produced guest-host polymeric films are performed and the corresponding high order susceptibilities are obtained. The Z-scan measurements in solutions are employed for the investigation of nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption properties of studied complexes. The enhanced NLO parameters of the Re-containing azo-based iminopyridine complexes comparing to their corresponding ligands confirm the positive role of metal complexation. Moreover, the polarity of connected lateral group has a considerable influence on NLO response of entire complex, in particular, on its NLO refraction behavior. This study promotes the better understanding of the structure-property relationship with possible prediction of NLO properties in such complexes as the design of such type of metal-organic systems has an essential impact on their NLO performance.
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•Azo-based iminopyridine rhenium complexes were studied.•The enhanced NLO parameters confirm the positive role of metal complexation.•The polarity of connected group has a considerable influence on NLO response.•This study promotes the better understanding of the structure-property relationship.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Organic imidazolium hydrogen fumarate (IHF) crystals are grown using the slow evaporation method. The IHF has triclinic crystal structure. The 1H NMR spectrum has five chemical shifts for the IHF ...crystal. The band at 3155 cm−1 in IR occurs due to the presence of O─H stretching vibration of the IHF molecule. The bandgap value of the IHF crystal is determined to be 4.6 eV. The intense violet emission band is noted at 361 nm. The IHF crystal has thermal stability value of 179 °C. Hirshfeld surface is used to find out the different intermolecular interactions of the IHF crystal. The HOMO–LUMO energy gap is determined to be 4.70 eV. The hydrogen atoms have positive potential in the MEP analysis. The high stabilization energy of 56.81 kcal mol−1 is noticed for π*(C1─N7) → π*(C2─C3) interaction. The third‐order NLO susceptibility (χ(3)) of the IHF is 2.08934 × 10−9 esu.
Optimized geometry, bandgap and its molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of imidazolium hydrogen oxalate (IHO) crystal.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Intersubband transition in CdTe/ZnTe core/shell prolate spheroidal quntum dots.•Third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility.•The Third-nonlinear optical susceptibility shifts with the variation of ...core, the average shell thickness and eccentricity.
In this paper, we have reported a more realistic model simulating the electronic and nonlinear optical properties in CdTe/ZnTe core/shell materials and inverted structure. In this model, we assume a prolate spheroidal shape for the considered nanostructure. The electronic band structure and the set of the wave functions were calculated by solving the Schrödinger Equation in the frame of the Effective Mass Approximation EMA and taking in consideration the Compact Density Matrix. The effects of the size and the eccentricity e on the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility χ3 are investigated. It was found that χ3 is strongly affected by the size of core /shell prolate spheroid quantum dots (CSPSQDs) and the eccentricity e. Indeed, a spectacular red shift of peaks of χ3 was conspicuous in addition to their intensification.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This theoretical study investigates the response of a strongly oblate GaAs ellipsoidal quantum dot to an intense laser field with a Bessel intensity profile at non-resonant extreme violet and ...simultaneously resonant mid-infrared laser irradiation. Mainly, the linear and nonlinear optical properties of biexcitons in quantum dot are observed. Due to the complexity of the considered particle, all calculations are performed in the framework of the variational method. Biexciton variational function is constructed on the one-particle wave functions, which are correlated with each other by exponents with variational parameters. The biexciton energies for different values of applied intense laser field magnitude on the small geometrical parameter of ellipsoidal quantum dot are calculated. The nonlinear optical properties, including the oscillator strength, third-order nonlinear susceptibility, absorption coefficient, and refractive index change, are evaluated. Numerical results reveal the dependence of the exciton and biexciton energies on the intensity of the laser field and the geometrical parameters of the quantum dot. Additionally, the dependencies of the third-order susceptibility, absorption coefficient, and induced refractive index change on photon energy near the one-photon resonance and two-photon resonance are analyzed. The two-photon absorption coefficient of the biexciton in GaAs ellipsoidal quantum dot is computed, and the spectra of refractive index changes induced by biexciton transitions between ground states are analyzed for different magnitudes of the intense laser field. Biexciton recombination radiative lifetime on the small semiaxis of the ellipsoidal quantum dot for the different values of the laser field influence is estimated. Finally, the visualization of the localization region of biexciton in the ellipsoidal quantum dot is performed.
•Investigation of biexciton states in quantum dot under intense Bessel laser.•Calculations of biexciton energies using the variational method.•Investigation of one-photon and two-photon resonances transitions.•Estimation of recombination lifetimes and visualization of localization.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract The second-order nonlinear-polarization originated from the interaction between thin-film materials with second-order nonlinear susceptibility ( χ (2) ) and high-power laser is essential for ...integrated optics and photonics. In this work, strong second-order nonlinear-polarization was found in a -axis oriented Zn 1- x Mg x O (ZnMgO) epitaxial thin-films with Li incorporation, which were deposited by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Mg incorporation ( x > 0.3) causes a sharp fall in the matrix element χ 33 of χ (2) tensor, although it widens optical bandgap ( E opt ). In contrast, moderate Li incorporation significantly improves χ 33 and resistance to high-power laser pulses with a little influence on E opt . In particular, a Zn 0.67 Mg 0.33 O:Li Li/(Zn + Mg + Li) = 0.07 thin-film shows a | χ 33 | of 36.1 pm V −1 under a peak power density ( E p ) of 81.2 GW cm −2 , a resistance to laser pulses with E p of up to 124.9 GW cm −2 , and an E opt of 3.95 eV. Compared to that of ZnO, these parameters increase by 37.8%, 53.4%, and 18.6%, respectively. Specially, the Zn 0.67 Mg 0.33 O:Li shows higher radiation resistance than a Mg-doped LiNbO 3 crystal with a comparable E opt . First-principle calculations reveal the Li occupation at octahedral interstitial sites of wurtzite ZnO enhances radiation resistance by improving structural stability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations suggest moderate Li incorporation increases χ 33 via enhancing electronic polarization. These findings uncover the close relationship between the octahedra interstitial defects in wurtzite ZnMgO and its nonlinear-polarization behavior under the optical frequency electric field of high-power laser.
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