Introduction: The availability of different mineral waters, some with indications of therapeutic properties, makes it necessary to investigate their interaction with nutritional habits. Objective: To ...analyze the nutritional profile before and after 10 days of ingestion of hypothermic water enriched with minerals in hypertensive individuals. Materials and Methods: Fifteen hypertensive adults (73% women), 47.9±7.7 years, were randomly divided between control group (CG; n=7) and experimental group (EG; n=8). For 10 days, the individuals ingested hypothermic water enriched with minerals or placebo mineral water. The amount was established in 75% of: 1500ml + 20ml * body weight. Participants were instructed to maintain their eating habits. Macro and micronutrients were calculated using the DietPro® 5i software with the information obtained from the 24-hour recalls applied before and after mineral water consumption. Results: For both groups, there were no significant differences between the macro and micronutrients of the diet evaluated before and after the intervention. When CG and EG were compared in the pre and post separately, there were also no differences between them, except for fiber where the amount consumed by the CG in the post intervention was greater than that consumed by the EG (p=0.034). There was a trend towards an association between caloric intake and body weight at the beginning of the intervention (p=0.071). Conclusion: There were no changes in relation to diet before and after 10 days of ingestion of hypothermal water enriched with minerals, suggesting that the consumption of this type of water does not interfere in the patterns of eating behavior. However, studies involving a larger number of participants and a longer consumption period are necessary.
Introduzione: La disponibilità di diverse acque minerali, alcune con indicazioni di proprietà terapeutiche, rende necessario indagarne l'interazione con le abitudini alimentari. Obiettivo: Analizzare il profilo nutrizionale prima e dopo 10 giorni di ingestione di acqua ipotermica arricchita con minerali in pazienti ipertesi. Materiali e metodi: Quindici adulti ipertesi (73% donne), 47,9±7,7 anni, sono stati divisi casualmente in un gruppo di controllo (CG; n=7) e un gruppo sperimentale (EG; n=8). Per 10 giorni, i soggetti hanno ingerito acqua ipotermica arricchita con minerali o acqua minerale placebo, con una quantità stabilita al 75% di: 1500 ml + 20 ml * peso corporeo. I partecipanti sono stati istruiti a mantenere le loro abitudini alimentari. Macro e micronutrienti sono stati calcolati dal software DietPro® 5i con le informazioni ottenute dai richiami di 24 ore applicati prima e dopo l'ingestione di acqua minerale. Risultati: per entrambi i gruppi non sono emerse differenze significative tra i macro ei micronutrienti della dieta valutati prima e dopo l'intervento. Quando confrontati pre e post-intervento, non c'erano differenze tra di loro, ad eccezione della fibra in cui la quantità consumata dal CG nel post-intervento era maggiore di quella consumata dall'EG (p=0,034). C'era una tendenza verso un'associazione tra apporto calorico e peso corporeo all'inizio dell'intervento (p=0,071). Conclusione: non vi è stato alcun cambiamento in relazione alla dieta prima e dopo 10 giorni di ingestione di acqua ipotermale arricchita con minerali, suggerendo che il consumo di questo tipo di acqua non interferisce con il modello alimentare. Tuttavia, sono necessari studi che coinvolgono un numero maggiore di partecipanti e un periodo di consumo più lungo.
Introducción: La disponibilidad de diferentes aguas minerales, algunas con indicaciones de propiedades terapéuticas, hace necesaria la investigación de su interacción con los hábitos nutricionales. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil nutricional antes y después de 10 días de ingesta de agua hipotérmica enriquecida con minerales en pacientes hipertensos. Materiales y Métodos: Quince adultos hipertensos (73% mujeres), de 47,9±7,7 años, fueron divididos aleatoriamente en un grupo control (GC; n=7) y un grupo experimental (GE; n=8). Durante 10 días, los sujetos ingirieron agua hipotérmica enriquecida con minerales o agua mineral placebo, con una cantidad establecida en el 75% de: 1500ml + 20ml * peso corporal. Se instruyó a los participantes para que mantuvieran sus hábitos alimenticios. Los macro y micronutrientes fueron calculados por el software DietPro® 5i con la información obtenida de los recordatorios de 24 horas aplicados antes y después de la ingesta de agua mineral. Resultados: Para ambos grupos no hubo diferencias significativas entre los macro y micronutrientes de la dieta evaluados antes y después de la intervención. Al comparar pre y postintervención, tampoco hubo diferencias entre ellos, excepto en fibra donde la cantidad consumida por el GC en la postintervención fue mayor que la consumida por el GE (p=0,034). Hubo una tendencia hacia una asociación entre la ingesta calórica y el peso corporal al inicio de la intervención (p=0,071). Conclusión: No hubo cambio en relación a la dieta antes y después de 10 días de ingesta de agua hipotermal enriquecida con minerales, sugiriendo que el consumo de este tipo de agua no interfiere con el patrón dietético. Sin embargo, son necesarios estudios que involucren un mayor número de participantes y un mayor período de consumo.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
2.
Immune system response to stress factors Amadori, Massimo; Stefanon, Bruno; Sgorlon, Sandy ...
Italian journal of animal science,
01/2009, Volume:
8, Issue:
sup1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This review highlights fundamental mechanisms of the stress response and important findings as to how the immune system is affected and affects, in turn, such a response. The crucial link between ...stress response and energy metabolism is dealt with as well. The effector mechanisms in the stress response are remarkably similar for both infectious and non-infectious stimuli, albeit differently modulated. "Psycho-sensitive stimuli/behavioural response" and "Antigenic stimuli/immune response" are indeed two subsystems of a unitary, integrated complex aimed at providing optimal conditions for the host's survival and adaptation.
The interaction between the immune system and the stress/inflammation complex has led to the development of a diversified network of cytokines and chemokines in vertebrate animals. The cytokine response can be mounted in different forms and extent by the host after exposure to both infectious and non-infectious stimuli. In this conceptual framework, microbial infections are just one category of stressing agents, which modulate the cytokine response for a better performance of the innate and adaptive immune responses.
The response to infectious and non-infectious stress leads to a metabolic shift that enhances energy, amino acids and micronutrients consumption. The influence of each nutrient on different aspects of immune function is not easy to define, but it is becoming clear that many nutrients have defined roles in the immune response and, accordingly, their requirements are changed to support optimal immune function. Therefore, impairment of immune functions may arise from intakes of nutrients below or above these modified ranges of requirements.
This paper reports the results of the work of the “Nutrient requirements of heavy pigs” ASPA Commission. The Commission work was mainly focused on the problem of identifying a good and flexible ...methodology for establishing nutrient requirements of heavy pigs in Italy, in a situation where the major part of the pigs are used for ham and other typical products. Nutrient allowance was considered to be a variable open to manipulation, since its optimal definition depends on the specific circumstances of each single production unit. It appeared that the most logical way to account for the many interactions involved was to integrate available information using computer simulation techniques. A methodology based on the following steps was proposed and analyzed: i) selection of a mathematical model to describe the chemical growth of pigs over time as result of the interactions of genotype, feed and climate; ii) developing suitable equations to predict the quality parameters of the carcass and, if possible, of the single cuts from the body’s chemical status and implementation of these equations in the model; iii) identification of production targets and use of the model as a tool to simulate the effect of different genotypes, feed and climate on the productive and the economic results. A model strongly rooted in a theoretical framework, simple enough to be applied in practice and requiring a limited number inputs was selected from literature…
Triptophan in piglet diet Pavesi, R. (Istituto delle Vitamine S.p.A., Segrate, Milano (Italy))
Rivista di Suinicoltura (Italy),
(Apr 2001), Volume:
42, Issue:
4
Journal Article
The role of feeding in dairy cattle Campiotti, M. (Associazione Provinciale Allevatori (APA), Bergamo (Italy). Servizio Assistenza Tecnica Allevamenti); Crovetto, G.M. (Milan Univ. (Italy). Istituto di Zootecnia Generale); Fantini, A. (Petrini Institute, Bastia Umbra, Perugia (Italy)) ...
L'Informatore agrario,
(8-14 Dec 2000), Volume:
56, Issue:
48
Journal Article
Food sources of nutrients in a sample of Italian population: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids Gnagnarella, P. (Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan (Italy)); Parpinel, M. (Udine Univ. (Italy). Istituto di Igiene ed Epidemiologia); Bidoli, E. (Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan (Italy). Centro di Riferimento Oncologico)
Rivista di Scienza dell'Alimentazione (Italy),
(Jul-Sep 2005), Volume:
34, Issue:
3
Journal Article
In order to interpret the results of epidemiological researches and to provide better nutritional guidelines as regards prevention, it is essential to thoroughly investigate both food habits and the ...main sources of food components. For this purpose, we have analysed the control group of a large case-control study on cancer carried out in six Italian areas. The dietary habits of 6,101 cancer-free subjects 2,811 males aged 19-79 years (median age 57) and 3,290 females aged 20-74 years (median age 56) were recruited between 1991 and 1999 by means of an interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaire. The mean daily intake and the major food sources of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, alcohol and amino acids are presented in this paper. Bread was found to be the first contributor to proteins and starch for both sexes, whereas the first sources of fats were raw vegetables, since these food items include oil. The first contributors to sugars were fresh fruits (26.1% in males and 30.3% in females). Meat and fish represented the most important source of amino acids, while pulses represented a source of amino acids only if consumed in vegetable soups and never as side dish. The consumption of milk and milk products is a prevailing habit in females. These results seem to be in line with the ones from similar studies (INN-CA study 1994-96, Total diet study and Seven Countries Study) carried out in Italy in the last years. This work further highlights the modality of assumption and the specificity of dietary sources of some food components in Italian population
La conoscenza delle abitudini dietetiche e delle maggiori fonti dei componenti alimentari è essenziale per interpretare i risultati di indagini epidemiologiche e fornire migliori linee guida nutrizionali in ambito preventivo. Con questo obiettivo, abbiamo analizzato il gruppo di controllo di un grande studio caso-controllo sul cancro svolto in sei aree italiane. Le abitudini dietetiche di 6.101 persone prive di cancro, di cui 2.811 maschi di età compresa tra i 19-79 anni (mediana 57) e 3.290 femmine di età compresa tra 20-74 anni (mediana 56), sono state raccolte tra il 1991 e 1999 per mezzo di un questionario alimentare per frequenza di consumo, somministrato da un´intervistatrice. In questo lavoro verranno presentanti l´introito medio giornaliero e le maggiori fonti alimentari di proteine, lipidi, carboidrati, alcol e aminoacidi. Il pane risulta la principale fonte di proteine e amido per entrambi i sessi, mentre principale fonte di lipidi sono i contorni crudi, perché includono il condimento. I diversi tipi di frutta fresca sono risultati la prima fonte di glucidi solubili (26,1% nei maschi e 30,3% per le femmine). La carne e il pesce rappresentano le maggiori fonti di aminoacidi, mentre i legumi figurano tra le principali fonti di aminoacidi solo come minestrone e mai come contorno. Il consumo di latte e derivati predomina tra le femmine. I nostri risultati sono apparsi complessivamente in linea con quelli ottenuti da studi analoghi (studio INN-CA 1994-96, studio sulla dieta totale e Seven Countries Study), compiuti in Italia negli scorsi anni. Questo lavoro vuole fornire un ulteriore contributo alla conoscenza delle modalità di assunzione e della particolarità delle fonti dietetiche di alcuni componenti alimentari nella popolazione italiana
The effect of diet change on milk production and composition was evaluated on 14 lactating dairy cows (230+-40 d of lactation). Diet change was carried out replacing a hay and cereals-based diet ...(CP=15.8% DM; NDF=35.5% DM and UFL=0.93/kg DM) with a maize silage-based diet having the same chemical composition. Two strategies of diet change were compared: total replacement in 1 day (Rapid) vs progressive replacement over a 7 days period (Gradual). The administration of the silage-based diet decreased significantly DM intake and milk production. However, this negative effect did not depend on the strategy applied for the change of the diet, but primarily arose from the lower palatability of maize silage, when compared with dried feedstuffs such as hay and cereals
Su 14 vacche in lattazione (230+-40 g di lattazione) e' stato valutato l'effetto del cambiamento della dieta sulla produzione e la composizione del latte. Il cambiamento della dieta e' stato realizzato sostituendo una dieta a base di fieno e di cereali (PG=15.8% SS; NDF=35.5% SS; UFL=0.93/kg SS) con una dieta a base di insilato di mais con la medesima composizione chimica. Sono state paragonate due strategie di cambiamento della dieta: sostituzione totale in un giorno (Rapida) e sostituzione progressiva durante un periodo di 7 giorni (Graduale). La somministrazione della dieta a base di insilato di mais determinava una diminuzione significativa dell'ingestione di SS e della produzione di latte. Comunque, questo effetto negativo non dipendeva dalla strategia adottata per il cambiamento della dieta, ma principalmente dalla minore appetibilita' dell'insilato di mais rispetto ad alimenti essiccati quali fieno e cereali
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