•Organic produce performs much better in terms of pesticide residues.•There are no differences in terms of heavy metals and mycotoxins.•No differences are reported in terms of susceptibility to ...microbial contamination.•Organic agriculture can greatly benefit human health and the environment.•Better guidelines have to be put in place for the reporting of comparative studies.
Organic food is increasingly attracting the interest of consumers, as it is perceived to be healthier than food produced by conventional agriculture, and to be more sustainable for the environment. This paper provides a review on the quality of organic produce in terms of its nutritional value, the presence of pesticide residues, heavy metals, mycotoxins and bacterial contamination, and the issue of antibiotics. The use of Recombinant Bovine Growth Hormone is addressed. Hydroponic techniques are also discussed. Compared to conventional produce, organic produce is richer in some useful compounds. Nevertheless, heterogeneous findings have been reported. Studies concord in finding organic food much less contaminated by pesticides, and with residues of much lower toxicity compared to those found in conventional foods. As for heavy metals, mycotoxins and bacterial contamination, there are no significant differences in organic produce compared to conventional produce (with the exception of Cd, found to be lower in organic produce, which is a positive finding). More effective and detailed guidelines should be devised for the design and reporting of both primary studies and meta-analyses. Pesticide residues should be assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The issue of multiple residues should also be addressed. Of course, organic produce cannot be assumed, a priori, to be safe. Sound monitoring needs to be constantly performed. It is concluded that organic agriculture can provide important benefits to human health and to the environment, and promote a more compassionate treatment of animals. It is hoped that agricultural policies will pay more attention to organic, agroecological and low-input agricultural practices, and invest in research and innovation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Objective: To determine the yield and nutritional quality of the herbaceous community present in the pasturelands of the Ressacada farm, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil, after the application ...of different doses of calcareous, phosphoric and potassium fertilizers. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in the cattle area belonging to the Ressacada farm, Federal University of Santa Catarina, according to a randomized block design, with four repetitions. The pastures were fertilized 2,5 years before the sample taking, according to the treatments T1) 0 calcareous, 0 P2O5 and 0 K2O; T2) 0 calcareous, 0 P2O5 and 1 K2O; T3) 0 calcareous, 1 P2O5 and 0 K2O; T4) 0 calcareous, 1 P2O5 and 1 K2O; T5) ½ calcareous, 0 P2O5 and 0 K2O; T6) ½ calcareous, 0 P2O5 and 1 K2O; T7) ½ calcareous, 1 P2O5 and 0 K2O; T8) ½ calcareous, 1 P2O5 and 1 K2O; T9) 1 calcareous, 0 P2O5 and 0 K2O; T10) 1 calcareous, 0 P2O5 and 1 K2O; T11) 1 calcareous, 1 P2O5 and 0 K2O y T12)1 calcareous, 1 P2O5 and 1 K2O. The forage cutting was done through the 0,25-m2 frame method, which was replicated four times in each treatment. Biomass yield, CP, NDF and ADF were determined. Variance analysis was carried out. The means were compared through Fisher’s test, for a significance level of p < 0,05. The statistical package InfoStat 2012, free version, was used. Results: There were highly significant differences for each of the studied variables in the different treatments. Regarding yield, the best ones were T5, T8, T9 and T10, which did not differ statistically from the others, except from T2. The CP values were low (lower than 8 %), and the best corresponded to T2 and T4. The NDF and ADF showed characteristic values of natural pastures (between 47,24-55,77 and 28,79-32,83 %, respectively). Conclusions: Low yield of the farm pastures was shown, in spite of going through the rainy season. The nutritional quality was also low, typical of natural pastures of the region
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: To evaluate the chemical composition and organoleptic characteristics of silages of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Citrus sp. pulp. Materials and Methods: The work was done with chopped S. ...bicolor plant and fresh citrus fruit pulp. A complete randomized factorial design and five treatments were applied: T1) 100 % S. bicolor, T2) 75 % S. bicolor + 25 % citrus fruit pulp, T3) 50 % S. bicolor + 50 % citrus fruit pulp, T4) 25 % S. bicolor + 75 % citrus fruit pulp and T5) 100 % citrus fruit pulp. The silages were evaluated on days 14, 28, 42 and 56 to determine the bromatological and organoleptic characteristics at the moment of final opening (56 days). Variance analysis was carried out to determine the dynamics of chemical composition, for which a linear model was used in which the treatments, times and treatments x times interactions were taken as effects. Results: Treatments T1 and T2 showed excellent organoleptic quality; while T3, T4 and T5 were evaluated as of good quality. The dry matter decreased as the percentage of citrus fruit pulp increased, in a range between 37,5 and 14,1 %. The content of neutral detergent fiber showed significant differences among all the treatments (p < 0,0001) and increased when the percentage of inclusion of citrus fruit pulp decreased in the silages, with values between 31,2 and 70,0 %. The content of the minerals calcium and magnesium showed adequate levels for the requirements of grazing ruminants, between 3,3-4,9 and 1,9-2,4 g/kg DM, respectively, in the silages of S. bicolor and citrus fruit pulp. Conclusions: The organoleptic characteristics of silages confirmed that they had from good to excellent quality. The inclusion of citrus fruit pulp in the mixtures decreased the content of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber; while the crude protein behaved according to the utilized raw materials.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Gongura (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is an annual herbaceous plant widely used in folklore practice for its leafy vegetable, belonging to the family Malvaceae. Over the past decade, various pharmaceutical ...and phytochemical studies of this plant has shown significant outcome, which are currently accepted and used in therapeutics. The presence of organic acids in higher quantity enhances the medicinal value of this plant. Activities observed in the deferent parts of the plant, such as diuretic, antihypertensive, antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antianemic, and anti-pyreticactivity. Based on the mentioned medicinal significance of H. sabdariffa plant, we planned to review the recent studies of all parts of the plant, their nutritional value, and phytoconstituents.
The nutraceutical value, and physicochemical profile as well as anti-inflammatory activity potential of Odonthalia floccose and Odonthalia dentata (red macroalgae) dry biomass were investigated in ...this study. Proximate composition study results revealed that the dry biomass of O. floccose and O. dentae were found to be as ash: 9.11 & 8.7 g 100 g−1, moisture: 8.24 & 8.1 g 100 g−1, total fat: 6.9 & 7.2 g 100 g−1, protein: 24.52 & 25.6 g 100 g−1, and total carbohydrate/polysaccharides: 53.84 & 48.85 g 100 g−1 of dry weight biomass respectively. Both algae biomass contain considerable quantity of minerals (Fe, Cu, Mg, and Zn). Furthermore, the major saturated fatty acids (6.24 & 5.82 g FAME 100 g−1 of total fat of O. floccose and O. dentate) (ΣFAs) present in the test algae were stearic acid, palmitic acid, and margaric acids. O. floccose and O. dentata also contain remarkable protein composition profile that compiled with considerable quantity of essential and non-essential amino acids. The vitamins such as vitamin A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, C, and E of O. floccose and O. dentate biomass were also identified at sufficient quantity level. The swelling capacity (SWC), water holding capacity (WHC), and oil holding capacity (OHC) properties of O. floccose and O. dentate at various temperature conditions (25 and 37 ᵒC) were found to be 8.11 & 7.02 mL g−1 and 8.95 & 7.55 mL g−1, 5.1 & 4.87 and 4.8 & 4.1 mL g−1, as well as 2.11 & 1.81 and 1.96 & 1.89 mL g−1 respectively. Among these two marine red macroalgae samples, the O. dentate showed better anti-inflammatory activity than O. floccose at 150 μg mL−1 dosage. Thus, this O. floccose and O. dentate biomass can be considerable as nutritional supplement and pharmaceutical product development related research.
•O. floccose and O. dentae possesses fine proximate parameters.•Both these test red algae contain considerable quantity of minerals.•Stearic acid, palmitic acid, & margaric acids found as major saturated fatty acids.•Vitamin A, B, C, & E well available in O. floccose and O. dentate biomass.•O. dentate showed better anti-inflammatory activity than O. floccose at 150 μg mL−1
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Elderberry as a rich source of antioxidant compounds and natural dyes used in food industry.•The influence of processing on the content of antioxidants in elderberry fruit and ...flowers.•The anti-microbiological activity and healing potential of elderberry.•The use of elderberry raw material in fruit processing and pharmaceutical industry.•Toxic glycosides and lectins as compounds making all parts of elder potentially life threatening.
European black elderberry naturally occurs in most of Europe and has been introduced into various parts of the world for fruit and flower production. Elderberry is rich in nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fatty acids, organic acids, minerals, vitamins and essential oils. Elderberry also contains cyanogenic glycosides which are potentially toxic. Polyphenols, known for their free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity, are the most important group of bioactive compounds present in elderberry in relatively high concentration. The high antioxidant activity of elderberry fruit and flowers is associated with their therapeutic properties. Elderberry has for a long time been used in folk medicine as a diaphoretic, antipyretic and diuretic agent. In recent years it was also found to have antibacterial, antiviral antidepressant and antitumour and hypoglycemic properties, and to reduce body fat and lipid concentration. Due to its health-promoting and sensory properties, elderberry is used primarily in food and pharmaceutical industry.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•An extensive review on diverse bioactive components of buckwheat.•Versatile beneficial phytochemicals are abundant in buckwheat.•Buckwheat has a wide range of pharmacological and beneficial health ...effects.•Huge research scope on Fagopyrum cymosum to identify the beneficial phytochemicals.
Buckwheat is a gluten-free crop under the family Polygonaceae abundant with beneficial phytochemicals that provide significant health benefits. It is cultivated and adapted in diverse ecological zones all over the world. Recently its popularity is expanding as a nutrient-rich healthy food with low-calories. The bioactive compounds in buckwheat are flavonoids (i.e., rutin, quercetin, orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, and isovitexin), fatty acids, polysaccharides, proteins, and amino acids, iminosugars, dietary fiber, fagopyrins, resistant starch, vitamins, and minerals. Buckwheat possesses high nutritional value due to these bioactive compounds. Additionally, several essential bioactive factors that have long been gaining interest because these compounds are beneficial for healing and preventing several human diseases. The present review demonstrates an overview of the recent researches regarding buckwheat phytochemicals and particularly focusing on the distinct function of bioactive components with their health benefits.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•SCPs are abundant and diverse in goat milk compared with bovine milk.•MOF@Fe3O4@GO was used as a mesoporous adsorbent to efficiently enrich SCPs in milk.•A total of 61 and 126 SCPs ...were identified and quantified in bovine and goat milk.•The proteases activity cleaving hydrophobic residues in goat milk was higher.•More SCPs in goat milk were retrieved as bioactivity peptides by online analysis.
Goat milk as an ideal substitute for human milk has not been sufficiently explored. An in-situ synthesized MOF@Fe3O4@GO was demonstrated as a magnetic mesoporous adsorbent for efficiently enriching short chain peptides (SCPs) in milk compared with the routine solid phase extraction approach with graphite carbon black or C18 as the packing material in terms of the number of enriched SCPs and data stability. A total of 61 and 126 SCPs were identified and quantified in bovine milk (0.09–89.34 μg L−1) and goat milk (10.5–1267.06 μg L−1), respectively, and peptide LPYV can be used as a potential marker for adulteration of goat milk. Relative high expression of chymotrypsin and pepsin by EnzymePredictor analysis could partially elaborate the reason of the abundance of SCPs in goat milk. Compared with bovine milk, further bioinformatics analysis indicated that goat milk could own higher nutritional value because of relative higher concentrations (>1 mg/L) of SCPs (LLV, FL, LVYP) with confirmed bioactivities including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, antioxidant, dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP) III and DPP IV inhibitor, etc. Overall, this study opened a novel avenue for understanding versatility benefit of dairy products from a perspective of SCPs by using a developed MOF@Fe3O4@GO mesoporous magnetic-based peptidomics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Microgreens are valued for their freshness and refined taste, and by adherents of a healthy diet – for their saturation with vitamins, trace elements, antioxidants, enzymes and valuable protein. The ...product enjoys steadily growing demand not only in the production segment (restaurants, cafes, supermarkets), but also in home cultivation – «vegetable garden on the window». Among vegetable crops, vegetable pea micro-greens are very popular, especially varieties with a mustachioed leaf type. It is this product that helps culinary masters to give products bright visual and taste accents. Few people know that among legumes, in addition to vegetable peas, there is an excellent alternative with no less nutritional value. This is a micro-green of vegetable beans. Bean shoots are more fleshy and juicy, crispy, sweet with a nutty taste, and most importantly, absolutely everyone can grow them. Obtaining microgreens from vegetable bean culture is a promising direction, since its nutritional value and biochemical composition are comparable to the microgreens of vegetable peas. The content of the main nutrients on average for the studied varieties of breeding of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (FSBSI FSVC) is: protein – 20-35% (dry weight), ascorbic acid – 0,51 mg/g, carotenoids – 0,48 mg/g, monosaccharide – 1,15%, dry matter – 10,62%. However, vegetable beans have an undeniable advantage in cultivation – it is the possibility of using up to two or three cuts from one crop, due to the ability to form additional shoots when using the method of cutting under the «root». The yield from the container when sowing 100 seeds obtained in two cuts ranged from 320 g to 400 g, depending on the variety and method of cutting. The highest yield was obtained from the cv. Velena, which forms about 200 g of fresh shoots both in the first and second cut. According to the results of our research, it is recommended to use two cuts for the cv. Belorusskie and cv. Russkie chernye, while the cv. Velena is able to give a full-fledged microgreen even with the third cut.
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