Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the Persian version of the Relative Mastery Scale as a measure of the Occupational Adaptation Model in caregivers ...of people with multiple sclerosis. Method: In a cross-sectional study, after translation, face and content validity, the caregivers completed the Relative Mastery Scale and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Expanded Disability Status Scale for people with multiple sclerosis was reported by neurologist. Also, convergent validity, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and exploratory factor analyses were evaluated. Results: A total of 150 caregivers completed both instruments. Cronbach’s α = 0.852 and ICC = 0.838 were good. The convergent validity of the total Relative Mastery Scale score was confirmed with a significant correlation with Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ( r > 0.67, p < 0.001) and Expanded Disability Status Scale score ( r > 0.34, p < 0.001). The Persian-Relative Mastery Scale was found as a multidimensional instrument with three items that appeared to be redundant. Conclusion: The Persian-Relative Mastery Scale had acceptable reliability and validity for evaluating mastery in Persian-speaker caregivers.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
To examine the lifespace of participants referred for occupational therapy driving assessment following acquired brain injury, to understand how, why, where and with whom access and participation in ...community-based occupations is occurring during the period of driving disruption.
The mixed methods, convergent research design utilised a travel diary and Lifespace Mobility Assessment-Composite quantitative elements and semi-structured interviews analysed qualitatively with an interpretive description lens.
Forty-eight participants (56.25% male) aged between 26 and 65 years, left home on average once/day, primarily to conduct instrumental activities of daily living, health management, and social participation community-based occupations. Most reported restricted lifespace (54.2%) requiring assistance to conduct community occupations (68.1%). Support was primarily provided by family members (80.3%). Analysis of semi-structured interviews (
= 15) created three themes that shaped participant occupational experience during driving disruption: (i) changes to occupational participation; (ii) reliance on others for community access and participation; and (iii) trying to move forward.
The period of driving disruption following the onset of acquired brain injury is a time of occupational disruption which restricts lifespace, changing how, why, where and with whom participation in community-based occupations occurs. Rehabilitation facilitating occupational adaptation process to enhance community access capacity is indicated.
The aim of this thesis is to analyse the process of occupational adaptation among kindergarten teachers. The research on occupational adaptation encompassed adaptation to the occupational tasks. ...Considering a group of 50 aspiring kindergarten teachers, the research was performed using a survey. The results of this research indicate that the process of occupational adaptation among modern kindergarten teachers proceeds successfully. The difficulties signalled by novice teachers are related to the discrepancy between the pedagogical theory acquired during their studies and the professional practice of the teaching profession; the frequent ministerial changes concerning the organisation of pre-school education; and the overload of professional duties.
Retirement is a complex, dynamic process. While the occupational transitions of early and mid-career academics have received attention, their late-career transitions are under-researched. This study ...explored the impact of the transition to retirement on the everyday lives and relationships of women academics from a university in the Republic of Ireland. A qualitative, longitudinal approach was used. Semi-structured, individual interviews were completed pre-retirement (n = 7), with follow-up interviews up to 1-year post-retirement (n = 6). Thematic analysis using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six-phase process generated four themes illustrating the participants' transition to retirement experiences: (i) maintaining connections with academia; (ii) gaining control over time; (iii) navigating occupational identity through the transition; and (iv) changing physical environments through the retirement transition. For the research active senior academics, continued involvement with and passion for researching was pivotal to providing continuity and meaning in their post-retirement routines. Those without active research profiles adapted to retirement by maintaining connections with colleagues, using university facilities, and participating in former leisure occupations. Relationships were continued and strengthened for all participants. The themes reveal that women academics undergo a continuous occupational adaptation process, negotiating their occupational identity through engagement with former meaningful roles and occupations. This study contributes to understandings of the occupational transition to retirement, highlighting the role of identity and choice in the occupational adaptation process of women academics.
Introduction:
Multiple sclerosis (MS) can have negative consequences on caregivers’ level of performance and adaptive process. This study aimed to (i) describe the steps of developing an ...occupation-based program based on the Occupational Adaptation Model (OAM), and (ii) make a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of the program prepared for caregivers of people with MS.
Method:
In a mixed-method approach, the occupation-based program of “Adapting to the Occupational Challenges of Caregivers of people with MS” (AOCCMS) was developed in four steps. During Steps 1, 2, and 3 the AOCCMS program was developed and in step 4, the feasibility and acceptability of the program were evaluated.
Results:
Based on the results of step 1 that have been published in the past; time limitations in occupation implementation; care needs in occupation implementation; psychological reactions affecting occupations were occupational challenges affecting the daily occupations of caregivers. Also, occupational adaptation strategies were strategies to alleviate intrapersonal challenges of occupational adaptation and strategies to alleviate environmental challenges of occupational adaptation. In step 2, the intervention programs of studies on caregivers were reviewed. During step 3, the data obtained from steps 1 and 2 were merged and integrated. Finally, the AOCCMS program was developed. In step 4, during the feasibility and acceptability of the program, 75% caregivers were satisfied with the program content. The quality of the program content was excellent and very good for 100%.
Conclusion:
The AOCCMS is an occupation-based program which was evaluated to be feasible and acceptable, which may be further addressed in future research and clinical practice.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Background: Adjustment to occupational disruption and loss following illness or injury is a complex, subjective experience. A number of studies have provided insight into this process within specific ...conditions and populations. Some studies reveal a process of occupational adaptation. Others describe reconstruction of an occupational identity, as expressed and defined through occupation. Examining these studies collectively can provide a deeper insight into these processes.
Purpose: This study involved a synthesis of qualitative studies investigating the lived experience of adjusting to chronic disease or a significant health event. The key research question was how people adjust to chronic disease, major illness or injury from the perspective of occupational adaptation and occupational identity.
Method: A systematic search of four databases identified qualitative studies exploring the personal experience of adjustment in adult populations with a range of significant health issues (excluding mental health and palliative care). Using occupational adaptation and occupational identity as sensitising concepts, findings of eligible studies were re-analysed using a 12-step grounded theory methodology, identifying central themes, and bringing these together collectively to construct a theoretical framework.
Results: Thirty seven papers met inclusion and quality criteria. Analysis revealed a process of adapting how and what occupations were performed, and re-establishing an occupational identity, facilitated by achieving adequate levels of competence, motivation and confidence in occupational performance.
Conclusion: This synthesis provides further evidence to confirm adjustment to chronic disease, major illness or injury as a process of reconstructing an occupational identity and occupational adaptation.
Background
Given the growing role of family caregivers in meeting the increasing demand for ageing-related care in Japan, the occupational adaptation of family caregivers needs to be evaluated.
...Methods
This study developed the Occupational Adaptation Questionnaire for Family Caregivers (OAQC) and evaluated its reliability, validity, and effectiveness. To develop the OAQC item pool, the construct ‘Occupation of nursing care engaged in by family caregivers’ was evaluated. Using the Delphi method, 8 experts evaluated 64 items and confirmed that 41 items adequately represented the domain. The scale was then completed by 216 family caregivers of users of outpatient service establishments affiliated with hospitals in the Chubu region. The validity of the scale items was tested, and statistical analysis was performed. The construct validity and internal consistency of the OAQC were examined using exploratory factor analysis and the ω coefficient, respectively.
Results
The discrimination ability and difficulty level were calculated using the item response theory. The findings showed that the scale’s reliability and validity were satisfactory. Construct validity was acceptable for 16 items with 5 factors. The OAQC also had high internal consistency, reliability, and effectiveness. The item slope parameters and difficulty parameters revealed good item response, indicating that the scale could effectively measure family caregivers’ occupational adaptation.
Conclusion
The scale was compatible with the data obtained from family caregivers. Given its overall effectiveness, data obtained using the OAQC can contribute towards implementing personal care support programs for caregivers and enriching their lives by offering support from an occupational adaptation perspective.
Introduction
Young adulthood is a period of rapid occupational role development. While the impact of a cancer diagnosis at this time is likely to be substantial, little research has addressed this ...topic. The aims of this study were to gain insights into the impact of cancer on occupational roles throughout the cancer disease trajectory, from diagnosis to the palliative stage, for one young person.
Methods
A longitudinal case study design was used. Five semi‐structured interviews, layered with photo elicitation, were conducted over 3 years. Qualitative data were analysed thematically.
Results
Three themes emerged: the adjusted plan, establishing rules, and damage control and self‐preservation. Challenges impacting participation in, and meaning of, and the occupational roles themselves shifted over time.
Conclusion
Findings provide knowledge of occupational adaptation, and the reconstruction of occupational role identity and participation, of the young adult living with cancer along the disease trajectory.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
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