Energy conservation in buildings as a way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases is forcing an urgent re-examination of how closely thermal and air quality conditions should be controlled in ...buildings. Allowing conditions to drift outside the optimum range would conserve very large amounts of energy and would in most cases have only marginal effects on health or subjective comfort. The question that then arises is whether occupant performance would be negatively affected and if so, by how much. This information is required for cost-benefit analyses. The answers in this paper are based on laboratory and field experiments that have been carried out since the massive increase in energy costs that took place in the 1970s. Although only a few of the mechanisms by which indoor environmental effects occur have been identified, it is already clear that any economies achieved by energy conservation will be greatly exceeded by the costs incurred due to decreased performance. Reducing emissions by allowing indoor environmental conditions to deteriorate would thus be so expensive that it would justify greatly increased investment in more efficient use of energy in buildings in which conditions are not allowed to deteriorate. Labour costs in buildings exceed energy costs by two orders of magnitude, and as even the thermal and air quality conditions that the majority of building occupants currently accept can be shown to reduce performance by 5–10% for adults and by 15–30% for children, we cannot afford to allow them to deteriorate still further.
•Thermal and indoor air quality effects on the performance of office work and schoolwork are reviewed.•Thermal conditions and indoor air quality do affect the performance of office work and schoolwork.•Mechanisms underlying the observed effects are reviewed.•Thermal conditions and indoor air quality tend to affect performance “across the board”.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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We argue that the literature on presenteeism needs to consider that employees not only go to work despite being ill but also often work from home despite being ill, especially since the ...COVID‐19 crisis enabled home‐office work on a large scale. We label this phenomenon “workahomeism” and develop theory that shows its distinctness from traditional presenteeism through the evoked pattern of guilt. Across three studies (a vignette experiment, a critical incident study, and a within‐person intervention study), we tested whether employees' work‐related reactions to illness (i.e., workahomeism, presenteeism, and resting at home) differ in terms of experienced and anticipated guilt. We found that when employees considered engaging in workahomeism, they anticipated feeling less guilty than when resting at home. However, when employees actually engaged in workahomeism, they felt as guilty or even more guilty than when resting at home. In contrast, employees' anticipated guilt for presenteeism as compared to workahomeism changed from the same to more after the beginning of the COVID‐19 crisis. Furthermore, we identify facets of guilt in response to workahomeism (i.e., guilt toward colleagues and about own health) and demonstrate that organizations can change guilt patterns by asking employees to reflect on the consequences of workahomeism and presenteeism.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The article discusses problems of the office work for ordination studying in the Olonets diocese based on the researching of a significant array of Spiritual Consistory papers. It was revealed that ...office work in this area was under the influence of parish traditions, frequently changing norms adopted in Spiritual Consistories and all-Russian Church legislation. The main trend in the development of the office work for ordination was to increase the number of demands placed on the parish clergy, while at the same time excluding from the necessary documents certificates of priests elections by parishioners.
The purpose of this research is to know how is the employees comprehension about office work in religion ministry of pekalongan regency office. The sampling technique used in this research is ...saturated sampling, so the entire population in this research used as a respondent to obtain the required data. Population in this research is all of employees in Religion Ministry of Pekalongan Regency Office. They were 65 people. This research is a quantitative descriptive research. This research used several methods to collecting data. The methods are observation, interview, questionnaire, documentation. This research used index number technique to analyzing data. The result of research shows that avarege of employees comprehension about office work obtained index number of 68,87%. The result means the employees in Religion Ministry of Pekalongan Regency Office have a medium comprehension about office work. That is avowed medium comprehension because some employees have not understood about office work properly. the result of research can be concluded that the employees comprehension about office work is in the medium category and needs to be improve.
Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Konzept Coworking und arbeitet auf Basis eigener empirischer Daten heraus, wie dieses Konzept im Zuge seiner wachsenden Verbreitung und der Etablierung von ...Coworking-Spaces als ‚dritten Orten der Arbeit‘ Legitimität für neue Gestaltungsideen und Wertvorstellungen von Büroarbeit generiert. Coworking-Spaces werden dabei als ‚dritte Orte‘ definiert, die dem Raumkonzept der Schaffung einer flexibel anpassbaren und Kreativität fördernden Arbeitsumgebung für Büroarbeiter:innen folgen. Das Geschäftskonzept Coworking-Space wird inzwischen aber auch als alternatives Organisationsmodell von Arbeit wahrgenommen. Dem Beitrag liegt das Forschungsinteresse zugrunde zu erkunden, wie und in welchen Variationen das Konzept Coworking in Büroarbeitsorganisationen, die sich selbst als Coworking-Space bezeichnen, adaptiert und praktisch umgesetzt wird. Nachgezeichnet wird, inwiefern Coworking als alternatives Gestaltungsmodell oder, im Sinne von Meyer und Rowan, Rationalisierungskonzept der Organisation von Arbeit Elemente eines neuen Normalitätsverständnisses von Büroarbeit generiert, welches über Betreiber:innen von Coworking-Spaces und Coworker:innen inzwischen in die Breite der Arbeitsgesellschaft getragen wird.
The spread of pandemics has adverse effects on the lives of people in various ways. For people who need to work in the office and other indoor environments, wearing a mask has become an essential ...precaution to reduce the spread of the virus and thereby the risk of disease transmission. Therefore, it is important to understand how wearing a mask will affect people while they are performing daily office work. This paper aims to investigate the effect of wearing a mask on the physiological responses and task performance of those who work in office environments during the pandemic period. The two most commonly used masks (i.e., cloth and surgical masks) are chosen for evaluation. The work engagement, mental workload, skin conductance level (SCL), heart rate (HR), as well as the overall performance of 20 subjects while they are completing simulated office tasks are collected and analyzed. Although the results vary across different individuals, they reveal that wearing a mask during a pandemic period will potentially reduce the mental workload and SCL of people for specific types of tasks. In addition, the task performance (correct number and correct rate) of the subjects is worse when wearing a mask, which is highly correlated to the results of the mental workload and SCL. However, there is no one-size-fits-all pattern to conclude the effect of wearing masks on work engagement and HR. This study provides a valuable reference for those who need to wear a mask while working.
•Physiological sensing is effective to study the effect of wearing a mask•The effect of wearing a mask varies across individuals•Overall lower mental workload is observed while people performing tasks with masks•Better task performance is observed without wearing a mask for most people•No general pattern to conclude the difference between cloth and surgical masks
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Understanding the mechanisms of work interruptions is crucial for reducing employee strain and maintaining performance. For this purpose, a study was conducted that examined how different ...interruptions and different characteristics of an interruption affect employees' self-reported exhaustion. Specifically, a survey examined the effect of work interruptions due to different interruption types (email, short message, call, person) from different senders (e.g. supervisor, colleague) and with different contents (e.g. new task, relevant information). Data were gathered from 492 office workers in Germany during one working day. Structural equation models were calculated to assess mediation and moderation to answer the question to what extent characteristics of work interruptions have a negative impact on employees´ burnout symptoms. The results indicate that work interruptions cannot be examined purely on the basis of the frequency but must be considered in relation to the resulting overload, whereby different characteristics of work interruptions have different effects for the interrupted person. The results underline the importance of considering work interruptions in a more complex way than has previously been done to derive guidelines for human-friendly digital work design.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The widespread adoption of remote and hybrid work due to COVID-19 calls for studies that explore the ramifications of these scenarios for office workers from an occupational health and wellbeing ...perspective. This paper aims to identify the needs and challenges in remote and hybrid work and the potential for a sustainable future work environment. Data collection involved two qualitative studies with a total of 53 participants, who represented employees, staff managers, and service/facility providers at three Swedish public service organisations (primarily healthcare and infrastructure administration). The results describe opportunities and challenges with the adoption of remote and hybrid work from individual, group, and leadership perspectives. The main benefits of remote work were increased flexibility, autonomy, work-life balance and individual performance, while major challenges were social aspects such as lost comradery and isolation. Hybrid work was perceived to provide the best of both worlds of remote and office work, given that employees and managers develop new skills and competencies to adjust to new ways of working. To achieve the expected individual and organisational benefits of hybrid work, employers are expected to provide support and flexibility and re-design the physical and digital workplaces to fit the new and diverse needs of employees.
The purpose of this research is to know how is the employees comprehension about office work in religion ministry of pekalongan regency office. The sampling technique used in this research is ...saturated sampling, so the entire population in this research used as a respondent to obtain the required data. Population in this research is all of employees in Religion Ministry of Pekalongan Regency Office. They were 65 people. This research is a quantitative descriptive research. This research used several methods to collecting data. The methods are observation, interview, questionnaire, documentation. This research used index number technique to analyzing data. The result of research shows that avarege of employees comprehension about office work obtained index number of 68,87%. The result means the employees in Religion Ministry of Pekalongan Regency Office have a medium comrehension about office work. That is avowed medium comprehension because some employees have not understood about office work properly. the result of research can be concluded that the employees comprehension about office work is in the medium category and needs to be improve.
This study examines the relationship between individual thermal satisfaction and worker performance. Field measurements and a questionnaire survey were conducted within an organization participating ...in the COOL BIZ energy conservation campaign. A subjective experiment was also conducted in a climate chamber with eleven Japanese male subjects, testing five scenarios combining operative temperature (25.5 °C and 28.5 °C), clothing (with and without suits), and cooling items (desk fan, air-conditioned shirt, mesh office chair). From the individual analysis, actual air temperature in the COOL BIZ office was poorly correlated with self-estimated performance, whereas perceived thermal satisfaction correlated well with self-estimated performance (R2 = 0.944, p < 0.001). The results of the subjective experiment indicate that performance during simulated office work (i.e. multiplication and proof reading tasks) increased with greater individual thermal satisfaction (R2 = 0.403 and 0.464, p < 0.001). The finding that perceived thermal satisfaction of occupants is reflected in objective measurement of office work performance has practical implications for the evaluation of thermal satisfaction in real offices as a means to boost workplace productivity.
•Surrounding air temperature correlates poorly with self-estimated performance.•Perceived thermal satisfaction correlates well with self-estimated performance.•Performance of office work increased with greater individual thermal satisfaction.•Personal control of thermal environment improves individual preferences.•Practical implications for thermal satisfaction in boosting workplace productivity.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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