Purpose
This study aims to fabricate the acrylic-based polymeric composite coating with a hydrophobic surface associated with natural oil polyol (NOP) and polydimethylsiloxane with the incorporation ...of 3 Wt.% SiO2 nanoparticle (SiO2np) against the corrosive NaCl media.
Design/methodology/approach
The structural properties of the formulated polymeric composite coatings were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, water contact angle (WCA) and cross-hatch (X-Hatch) tests. The WCA measurement was used to study the surface wettability of the formulated polymeric composite coatings. The corrosion protection performance of the nanocomposite coated on the mild steel substrate was studied by immersing the samples in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution for 30 days using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
Findings
The enhanced polymeric composite coating system performed with an excellent increase in the WCA up to 111.1° which is good hydrophobic nature and very high coating resistance in the range of 1010 Ω attributed to the superiority of SiO2np.
Originality/value
The incorporation of SiO2np into the polymeric coating could enhance the surface roughness and hydrophobic properties that could increase corrosion protection. This approach is a novel attempt of using NOP along with the addition of SiO2np.
UV-light degradation of wood is one of the top reasons for consumer replacement of outdoor wooden structures. This type of degradation is seldom mechanical, and is instead often motivated by loss of ...aesthetics (graying). There are numerous commercial products available on the market that deal with this loss of color, many of which contain added pigments to ‘rejuvenate’ or ‘revitalize’ greyed wood. These pigments are almost uniformly synthetic. In contrast, pigments from wood decay fungi (spalting), which have been used in woodworking since the 1400s (intarsia), have remarkable optical (UV-light resistance) properties due to their naphthoquinonic configuration. In recent years the pigments made from these fungi have been extracted and tested across numerous substrates, from solar cells to textile dyes. In this work, researchers extracted pigments from Scytalidium cuboideum (red pigmentation) and Chlorociboria aeruginosa (blue-green pigmentation), solubilized the pigments in raw linseed oil, and tested the resulting solution on samples of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western white pine (Pinus monticola). These mixtures were compared against a ‘stain and coat’ treatment (utilizing an aniline stain and coated with raw linseed oil), raw linseed oil, and untreated wood. The wood samples were then placed in an accelerated weathering machine (Q-UV) following the ASTM G154 standard, for 500 and 1000 h. The results showed that while no visible color change occurred to the wood when the pigmented oil was applied, the red pigment oil significantly lowered the coating degradation for both wood types at an exposure of 500 h. The results show the potential applications for fungal pigments in the wood coating industry, as it offers an increased coating service life. As there is a shift to renewable products, the pigments from wood decay fungi show potential as additives for wood coatings.
An experiment was conducted to assess the influence of chemical and oil coatings on storage life of kagzi lime fruits. Fruits were harvested at physiological light green mature stage and treated with ...different concentrations of chemicals viz., Cacl
2
and KMnO
4
and edible coatings viz., (coconut oil, mustard oil, sesamum oil, castor oil and liquid paraffin wax). After treatment, fruits were kept at ambient condition (25–30 °C, 60–70% RH) till 18 days and analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters like PLW, marketable fruits retained, TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, juice content and also organoleptic values. The results revealed that edible oil emulsion coating particularly coconut oil had significantly (
p
≤ 0.05) effect on reduction of the physiological loss in weight (9.67%) and maximum marketable fruits retained (70%), total soluble solids (8.43%), ascorbic acid (49.93 mg/100 ml juice), acidity (1.52%) and juice content (42.34%) of fruits. Similarly, application of this oil emulsion coating acceptable for sensory quality parameters such as appearance, flavour, taste, external colour and no incidence of moulds & their growth up to 18 days of storage.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The preservation of good petrophysical properties (high porosity/high permeability) at great depth in carbonate rocks may lead to the existence of a deeply buried reservoir (DBR), a target of ...interest for the oil industry. One of the key processes controlling diagenesis of the burial environment is Pressure Solution Creep (PSC), an efficient compaction process responsible for the evolution of porosity and permeability in many carbonate reservoirs. In this experimental study, we examine the effect of i) the presence of oil in the pore space and ii) its timing of injection on the PSC process and the petrophysical properties of a carbonate rock. The experiments were performed using a flow-through high-pressure cell, allowing the simulation of the pressure/stresses and temperature conditions of a DBR. Multi-disciplinary data (mechanical, chemical, petrographical and petrophysical) demonstrate that, without oil in the pore space, the main diagenetic process is the PSC, a process reducing by three the initial porosity but having no influence on intrinsic water permeability. An early injection of oil prior to water circulation causes the inhibition of PSC by the coating of the grains, leading to the preservation of porosity. Conversely, a late injection of oil does not preserve initial porosity. The dataset obtained from these experiments show the importance of the timing of oil charging in a reservoir in the preservation of initial porosity at great depth by the inhibition of PSC. However, the coating of grains by hydrocarbons may also inhibit further diagenetic processes leading to a creation of secondary porosity at depth.
•Pressure Solution Creep is the main deep burial compaction mechanism in carbonates.•Presence of oil in the pore space inhibits Pressure Solution by grain coating.•Early oil injection preserves high initial porosity at great burial depth.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A series of styreneated polyols have been prepared from unsaturated glycol glycoside and argemone oil. Upto 50% by weight. styrene was loaded by generating free radical onto hydroxyl functionalised ...polyester, using. AIBN as initiator.
The extent of unsaturation in styrenated polyols was determined by its Iodine Value. its molecular weight was determined by Gel Permeation Chromatogram (GPC) and functional group by Infrared Spectroscopy. A series of such prepared styrenated polyols was mixed with an aromatic adduct based on toluene di isocyanates (TDI) in different ratios of their equivalents (OH: NCO) to form Two Pack Polyurethane. Polyurethane resin thus prepared was coated on test panel and were compared with a set of unstyreneated polyols and isocyanate adduct admixtures for Flexibility. Scratch hardness. Impact resistance, % Adhesion and Chemical resistance. Structure of the polyurethane was confirmed by FTIR. Thermal stability of styreneated polyurethane was determined and compared with unstyreneated polyurethane by TGA.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
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•Water marbles coated with a thin layer of silicone oil containing superhydrophobic particles are reported.•The composite marbles remained stable on solid and liquid supports.•The ...composite marbles remained stable when placed on a vibrating water bath.•The composite marbles withstand coalescence on collision with each other.•Bouncing of composite marbles with solid substrates was explored.
Liquid marbles are non-stick droplets coated with colloidal usually hydrophobic particles. We suggest that “composite” liquid marbles, i.e. bi-liquid droplets, may be prepared with water droplets coated by a thin silicone oil layer containing hydrophobic, colloidal particles.
The process enabling manufacturing water marbles coated with silicone oil containing fumed fluorosilica particles is reported. The marbles remained stable when placed on solid and liquid supports. Bouncing and coalescence of the composite marbles was explored.
Non-coalescence prolonged (ca. 20 min) jumping of composite marbles above a vibrating water bath was observed. Composite marbles withstand coalescence better than colloidal particle-stabilized liquid marbles. The effective surface tension of the composite marbles is markedly lower than that of water marbles coated with fumed fluorosilica particles. The coefficient of restitution of the composite marbles bouncing on a hydrophobic solid substrate is lower than that established for water marbles. This observation is related to the viscous dissipation occurring within the silicone layer making up the composite marbles.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•High ductile ECC with non-oil-coated, low tensile strength PVA fiber could be developed by re-tailoring matrix.•Viscosity modifying admixture improves the dispersion of fibers in ECC, and increase ...its ductility.•Incorporating crumb rubber in ECC has the most effectiveness on ductility.•Lower matrix toughness benefits to decrease the variability of ECC’s mechanical properties.
Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) with ductile strain-hardening behavior has been recognized as a high performance and durable alternative to conventional concrete material. However, relative high initial material cost, mainly associated with high cost of PVA fibers commonly used in ECC mixtures, has limited broader field application of ECC in the construction, especially in Chinese market. In this study, new ECC mixture designs have been developed incorporating a type of lower-cost PVA fibers. Unlike the PVA fibers normally used, this low-cost PVA fiber has no surface oil coating and exhibit lower tensile strength, which are undesirable in basis of micromechanics underlying ECC design. High fly ash content, viscosity modifying admixture (VMA), fly ash cenosphere (FAC), and crumb rubber were incorporated into the mixture design to tailor the ECC matrix so as to compensate the micromechanical change associated with using the low-cost PVA fibers and to further enhance the performance of the resultant ECC mixture. It is found that the newly designed ECC mixtures with low-cost PVA fibers can achieve similar tensile strain capacity (up to 5.2%) with lower compressive and tensile strength when compared with previous ECC mixtures in literatures. The successful development of ECC with low-cost PVA fiber is expected to greatly promote the field application of ECC in China and give the references for the professionals to develop ECC with the local PVA fibers.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Single gap Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) is one of the very popular gaseous detectors used in high-energy physics experiments nowadays. It is a very fast detector having low cost of fabrication. The ...RPCs are usually built using glass or bakelite plates having high resistivity ∼1010–1011Ω cm. Bakelite RPCs are generally fabricated with a linseed oil coating inside to make the inner electrode surface smoother which helps to reduce the micro discharge probability. Linseed oil coating also reduces the surface UV sensitivity dramatically and effectively protect the bakelite surfaces from the Hydrofluoric Acid (HF), produced by the interaction of fluorine with the water vapour. There is a conventional way to do this linseed oil coating after making the gas gap as done in experiments e.g. ALICE, CMS etc. A new technique is introduced here to do the linseed oil coating on the bakelite plate before making the gas gap. 100% Tetrafluoroethane (C2H2F4) gas is used to test the RPC module in the avalanche mode with cosmic rays. Conventional NIM electronics is used for this study. The efficiency and noise rate are measured. In this article, the detailed method of fabrication and the first test results are presented.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The high-resolution scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) is a powerful tool that can directly explore the structure-property correlation of materials at nanometer scale. However, so far, ...the attainable maximum resolution is still restricted by the diameter of the droplet probe. Here, we report a simple and effective approach that can highly reduce the effective size of a nanopipette probe in SECCM. The effective working size was reduced to tens of nanometers by using the conventional droplet probe with an opening size of ∼129 nm through one-step oil coating. Furthermore, both the topographical and electrochemical activity of the Au nanoplate were simultaneously recorded successfully at the pixel size of sub-10 nm in the x-axis direction, meaning the potential to achieve a sub-10 nm resolution. Finally, the modified probe displays excellent applicability with acidic, neutral and alkaline electrolytes. The method retains the advantages of the droplet probe and breaks the limitation of its opening size on the SECCM imaging resolution, opening a broad avenue for both further rapid commercialization and broad applications of SECCM.
•The oil-coating probe was fabricated.•The effective working size was reduced to tens of nanometers by using the conventional droplet probe with an opening size of ∼129 nm.•Both the topographical and electrochemical activity of the Au nanoplate were simultaneously recorded successfully at the pixel size of sub-10 nm.•The diffusion limited-current was used to calculated the effective working size of the droplet.•The modified probe displays excellent applicability with acidic, neutral and alkaline electrolytes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Paper coated with natural materials has advantages over paper coated with fossil resources, including easy recycling, renewable components, and cost-effective formulation. Coating the paper surface ...with thyme oil has antibacterial and antioxidant properties and is known to improve packaging product quality. In the current study, the water resistance of the materials was measured by the Cobb30 values. The base paper, the starch-coated paper, and the thyme oil and starch-coated paper had Cobb30 values of 20, 17.5, and 15.7 g/m2, respectively. The tensile strength index of uncoating and coating paper samples was, respectively (machine direction M.D.) 64.3 and 64.7, and (cross direction C.D.) 32.2 and 37.2. The bursting strength index results were 72.7 and 84.0. Hence, according to the tensile strength results, the treated paper burst strength values were higher than the base paper samples. The starch and thyme oil coatings formed a film layer on the paper surface, which may have helped impart better burst-strength properties. Besides, compared to the untreated base papers, the surface of the coated papers was denser and smoother, with a less porous structure, according to SEM results. In addition, resistance features of papers that are desired in the end-use of paper are shown in this work based on paper strength property tests.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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