From the very inception of her professional career, the theater projects of Olja Lozica, a Croatian dramatist, playwright and director, display the author's profound artistic commitment to the ...researching and portraying marginalized social groups and individuals. This paper examines selected plays by Olja Lozica, where she delves into the theatrical exploration of socially vulnerable workers, the unemployed, the powerless, stigmatized minority groups and various forms of disability. It also investigates the multifaceted forms, objectives and impacts of the author's distinct approach to theatrically representing non-normative individual and collective identities. Additionally, the paper establishes connections between the considered thematic layer and some of the principles underpinning Olja Lozica's unconventional, de/ rehierarchized, and open creative process.
Oil, like other fossil fuels, permeates every aspect of human
existence. Yet it has been largely ignored by cultural critics,
especially in the context of the Global South. Seeking to make
visible ...not only the pervasiveness of oil in society and culture
but also its power, Oil Fictions stages a critical
intervention that aligns with the broader goals of the energy
humanities.
Exploring literature and film about petroleum as a genre of
world literature, Oil Fictions focuses on the ubiquity of
oil as well as the cultural response to petroleum in postcolonial
states. The chapters engage with African, South American, South
Asian, Iranian, and transnational petrofictions and cover topics
such as the relationship of colonialism to the fossil fuel economy,
issues of gender in the Thermocene epoch, and discussions of
migration, precarious labor, and the petro-diaspora. This unique
exploration includes testimonies of the oil encounter-through
memoirs, journals, and interviews-from a diverse geopolitical grid,
ranging from the Permian Basin to the Persian Gulf.
By engaging with non-Western literary responses to petroleum in
a concentrated, sustained way, this pathbreaking book illuminates
the transnational dimensions of the discourse on oil. It will
appeal to scholars and students working in literature and science
studies, energy humanities, ecocriticism, petrocriticism,
environmental humanities, and Anthropocene studies.
In addition to the editors, the contributors to this volume
include Henry Obi Ajumeze, Rebecca Babcock, Ashley Dawson, Sharae
Deckard, Scott DeVries, Kristen Figgins, Amitav Ghosh, Corbin
Hiday, Helen Kapstein, Micheal Angelo Rumore, Simon Ryle, Sheena
Stief, Imre Szeman, Maya Vinai, and Wendy W. Walters.
This book challenges the conventional wisdom that natural resource wealth promotes autocracy. Oil and other forms of mineral wealth can promote both authoritarianism and democracy, the book argues, ...but they do so through different mechanisms; an understanding of these different mechanisms can help elucidate when either the authoritarian or democratic effects of resource wealth will be relatively strong. Exploiting game-theoretic tools and statistical modeling as well as detailed country case studies and drawing on fieldwork in Latin America and Africa, this book builds and tests a theory that explains political variation across resource-rich states. It will be read by scholars studying the political effects of natural resource wealth in many regions, as well as by those interested in the emergence and persistence of democratic regimes.
The theme of this thesis is the depletion of petroleum (crude oil and natural gas). Are there reasons to be concerned about an ‘end of cheap oil’ in the near future? There is a lively debate ...regarding this issue. The debate is sometimes described as a clash of ‘concerned’ natural scientists and ‘unconcerned’ economists. However, this clash is both harmful and unnecessary. The views of natural scientists and economists can and should be reconciled. At the micro-level, geological and physical factors (such as diminishing reservoir productivity) are parameters in the producer’s economic optimization problem. Bottom-up modeling therefore appears to hold more promise for forming a common understanding of depletion than prevailing top-down models, such as the controversial Hubbert model. The appended papers treat various aspects of petroleum depletion: critical examination of top-down scenarios (I); bottom-up economic and geologic modeling of regional production (II); review of published bottom-up models and sensitivity analysis (III); simulation of success rates and expectations in oil exploration (IV); bottom-up scenarios of future natural gas production in Norway (V) and Russia (VI); empirical analysis of production profiles of giant oil fields (VII). Bottom-up models have the potential to be accepted by scientists from different disciplines, and they enable interpretable sensitivity analyses. They are, however, not likely to reduce quantitative uncertainty in long-term scenarios. There is theoretical evidence of the possibility that petroleum scarcity occurs long before the recoverable resource is close to exhaustion. This result is a consequence of both geological and economical factors. Several arguments for an ‘unconcerned’ view are at best uncertain, and at worst relying on questionable assumptions (analyzing reserves rather than production flows, using irrelevant reserve definitions, using average cost instead of marginal cost). The considerable uncertainty regarding an issue of such importance is in itself a cause for concern.
Essential oils from oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), mint (Mentha piperita L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), and pine (Abies alba Mill.) needles and cones, and their active substances thymol, ...carvacrol, menthol, and anisaldehyde were tested for antifungal activity against Penicillium verrucosum. The lowest minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were achieved for essential oil of oregano, followed by carvacrol, thymol, and menthol. These antifungal components were further investigated, as the main aim of our study was to elucidate the effect of natural antifungals on ochratoxin A production. During 21 days of exposure, the growth of P. verrucosum, and subsequently the production of ochratoxin A, was fully inhibited by thymol at ½ MIC (0.0625 mg mL
), but menthol at ¼ and ½ MIC (0.1875 and 3750 mg mL
) showed no growth inhibition. After 21 days of incubation, the greatest inhibitory effect on ochratoxin production (inhibition was 96.9 %) was also achieved with thymol at ¼ MIC (0.0313 mg mL
). Essential oil of oregano (¼ MIC, 0.2930 μL mL
) and carvacrol (½ MIC, 0.1953 μL mL
) stimulate production of ochratoxin A at 13.9 % to 28.8 %, respectively. The observed antifungal effects depended on the agent, the concentration used, and the time of interaction between the agent and P. verrucosum. Our results indicate the possibility of using oregano essential oil as a substitute for artificial preservatives in certain foods, but further research is needed.
Eterična olja origana (Origanum vulgare L.), mete (Mentha piperita L.), janeža (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), in borovih (Abies alba Mill.) iglic in storžev, ter njihove sestavine timol, karvakrol, mentol in anisaldehid smo testirali kot snovi z protiglivno aktivnostjo proti plesnim vrste Penicillium verrucosum. Najnižje minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije (MICs) smo določili eteričnemu olju origana, ter karvakrolu, timolu, in mentolu. Rast plesni vrste P. verrucosum je bila popolnoma inhibirana po 21 dneh inkubacije v prisotnosti ½ MIC timola (0,0625 mg mL-1), medtem ko so eterično olje origana (½ MIC, ¼ MIC), timol (¼ MIC) in karvakrol (½ MIC, ¼ MIC) inhibirali rast plesni od 8,3 % do 70.8 %. Dodatek mentola v koncentracijah ¼ MIC in ½ MIC (0.1875 mg mL
in 0.3750 mg mL
) pa ni imel inhibitornega vpliva na rast plesni vrste P. verrucosum. Popolno inhibicijo tvorbe ohratoksina A smo določili le v primeru, ko je bila tudi rast teh plesni popolnoma inhibirana (pri ½ MIC timola). Največjo inhibicijo tvorbe ohratoksina A (96,9 %) po 21 dnevih inkubacije smo določili pri ¼ MIC timola (0.0313 mg mL
). Pospešeno tvorbo ohratoksina A (od 13,9 % do 28,8 %) pa smo določili pri ¼ MIC eteričnega olja origana (0.2930 mg mL
) in ½ MIC karvakrola (0.1953 mg mL
). Protiglivni vplivi so bili odvisni od testirane snovi, njene koncentracije ter časa interakcij med protiglivno snovjo in plesnimi vrste P. verrucosum. Rezultati nakazujejo možnosti uporabe eteričnega olja origana v živilih namesto kemijskih konzervansov. Ker pa so živila kompleksna okolja v katerih je potrebno upoštevati več dejavnikov, so potrebne nadaljnje raziskave.
The water-soluble fraction (WSF) of petroleum contains a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile hydrocarbons, phenols, and heterocyclic compounds, considered deleterious to aquatic ...biota. Marine “pejerrey” Odontesthes argentinensis (Teleostei: Atherinopsidae) has a great commercial importance in local fisheries and a high potential for aquaculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological effects in “pejerrey” larvae exposed to different concentrations of petroleum WSF. The chronic toxicity test was conducted with newly hatched larvae exposed for 21 days to sublethal concentrations of WSF (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 % of WSF), plus one control. Survival and growth were significantly lower in the highest concentration. Several histopathological changes were found in the gills (e.g., hyperplasia, aneurisms, edema, and necrosis), kidney (e.g., nuclear alterations, decrease in the hematopoietic cells), and liver (e.g., hypertrophy, karyorrhexis, and karyopyknosis). An index of branchial lesion was proposed to standardize gill lesions to different pollutants.
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis. The inhibitory effect of essential oils (1% v/w) of Thymus daenensis Celak (Lamiaceae), Thymbra spicata L. (Lamiaceae) and ...Satureja bachtiarica Bunge (Lamiaceae) applied to the surface of chicken frankfurters was determined on L. monocytogenes inoculated at low (103 CFU/g) and high (106 CFU/g) populations and stored for seven and 14 days. The results showed that L. monocytogenes populations increased during seven and 14 days of storage at 4 °C on control frankfurters without essential oil. The application of 1 % essential oil (v/w) of herbs to frankfurter surfaces can significantly reduce (p<0.05) the L. monocytogenes populations as compared to control in two inocula treatments after seven and 14 days of storage at 4 °C.
Listeria monocytogenes je povzročitelj listerioze, ki se pojavlja v živilih. Proučevan je bil inhibitorni učinek eteričnih olj (1% v/w) zelišč Thymus daenensis Celak (Lamiaceae), Thymbra spicata L. (Lamiaceae) in Satureja bachtiarica Bunge (Lamiaceae), nanešenih na površino piščančjih hrenovk, ki so bile inokulirane z nizko (103 CFU/g) oziroma visoko populacijo (106 CFU/g) listerije ter shranjene za 7 oziroma 14 dni. Rezultati so pokazali, da se populacije L. monocytogenes povečajo tekom 7 oziroma 14 dni shranjevanja pri 4 °C na primerjalnih hrenovkah. Uporaba 1 % (v/w) eteričnih olj zelišč pri hrenovkah lahko značilno (p<0.05) zmanjša populacijo L. monocytogenes v primerjavi s kontrolo.
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