This study aimed to deepen the understanding of the influence of the properties of school uniforms that may contribute to discomfort and irritation for children with sensory overreactivity. The ...specific objectives were (a) to identify the difficulties that children with sensory overreactivity experience when wearing a school uniform and (b) explore possible adaptations of the school uniform that can reduce the discomfort and irritation caused by the uniform. In this exploratory, qualitative study, four focus group interviews were conducted with a total sample of 16 participants. Mothers and occupational therapists that live and work with children with sensory overreactivity participated in this study. During thematic analysis, three themes emerged as important to understand the discomfort caused by a school uniform: textiles, design, and construction. This study contributes to the literature on school uniforms and the sensory aspects of clothing. Guidelines for parents are presented and future research possibilities are discussed.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
AbstractThe current research aims to determine the effectiveness of mindful parenting training on over reactivity and quality of parent-child relationship of pre-school children mothers. The ...statistical population included all of the mothers of children pre-schoolers who are studying at schools in 2 area of education in in a school in Ahvaz (2019). The method of the study is a quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up with a control group.. The sample size was 50 mothers of children pre-schoolers and they were randomly assigned to two groups of 25 (experimental and control group.The Pianta Parent-child relationship Scale (1994) and the Arnold Parenting Scale (1993) were used to collect data. Educational intervention was presented in eight (each 90 min) sessions to the experimental group, but the control group received no intervention. Two months later, the follow-up test was performed. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics including covariance analysis. The findings showed that mindful parenting training was effective on reducing overreactivity and improvement quality of parent-child relationship on mothers of pre-schoolers children. Thas, mindful parenting training appears to be useful for pre-school children mothers.
To shed new light on the long-standing debate about the (in)dependence of sensitivity to weak stimuli and overreactivity to strong stimuli, we examined the relation between these tendencies within ...the neurobehavioral framework of the Predictive and Reactive Control Systems (PARCS) theory (Tops et al., 2010, 2014). Whereas previous studies only considered overreactivity in terms of the individual tendency to experience unpleasant affect (punishment reactivity) resulting from strong sensory stimulation, we also took the individual tendency to experience pleasant affect (reward reactivity) resulting from strong sensory stimulation into account. According to PARCS theory, these temperamental tendencies overlap in terms of high reactivity toward stimulation, but oppose each other in terms of the response orientation (approach or avoid). PARCS theory predicts that both types of reactivity to strong stimuli relate to sensitivity to weak stimuli, but that these relationships are suppressed due to the opposing relationship between reward and punishment reactivity. We measured punishment and reward reactivity to strong stimuli and sensitivity to weak stimuli using scales from the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (Evans and Rothbart, 2007). Sensitivity was also measured more objectively using the masked auditory threshold. We found that sensitivity to weak stimuli (both self-reported and objectively assessed) was positively associated with self-reported punishment and reward reactivity to strong stimuli, but only when these reactivity measures were controlled for each other, implicating a mutual suppression effect. These results are in line with PARCS theory and suggest that sensitivity to weak stimuli and overreactivity are dependent, but this dependency is likely to be obscured if punishment and reward reactivity are not both taken into account.
Early mental and behavioral disorders are significant predictors of psychopathologies in adulthood. Parenting behavior (e.g.,
overreactivity
and
laxness
) influences the development of behavioral ...problems in children. It is thus often assessed in therapeutic settings, as well as in the context of intervention studies. The aim of this study was to develop a short form of the Parenting Scale (PS), PS-8, and to evaluate its psychometric properties. Based on data from a large pre-school survey, an eight-item short form scale was compiled. The short version was presented to a large representative population sample (
N
= 539 parents,
n
= 312 mothers,
n
= 227 fathers). Psychometric properties were assessed and measurement invariance tests performed. The internal consistency of both PS-8 subscales as well as the mean score were satisfactory. Strict measurement invariance could be confirmed for parental age, gender and age*gender interaction, as well as for the child’s age, gender, and gender*age interaction, allowing unbiased comparison of means, correlation coefficients, path coefficients as well as undistorted screening decisions between the aforementioned groups. Furthermore, the PS-8 mean score was associated with self-rating measures of related constructs (parental anxiety and depression). Hence, the PS-8 presents a reliable, valid and economical tool to assess dysfunctional parenting behavior and can thus be effectively applied within the frameworks of clinical studies, epidemiological research, or related research areas. In future research the convergent validity of the PS-8 with child behavior questionnaires should be assessed.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The incidence of allergic diseases worldwide is rapidly increasing, making allergies a modern pandemic. This article intends to review published reports addressing the role of fungi as causative ...agents in the development of various overreactivity-related diseases, mainly affecting the respiratory tract. After presenting the basic information on the mechanisms of allergic reactions, we describe the impact of fungal allergens on the development of the allergic diseases. Human activity and climate change have an impact on the spread of fungi and their plant hosts. Particular attention should be paid to microfungi, i.e., plant parasites that may be an underestimated source of new allergens.
Dysfunctional parenting in situations requiring discipline is an important issue in Hong Kong. However, few scales for measuring dysfunctional parenting have been validated in the local context. The ...current study validated, with a sample of Hong Kong adolescents, a dysfunctional parenting scale that has been widely adopted in the West. A total of 965 adolescent students (males 43.3%, mean age 14.6, and range 12–18) were recruited for this study. Principal component analysis with varimax rotations and Tucker’s congruence coefficient were adopted to examine the factor structure of the scale and its stability. Cronbach’s alpha and correlation analysis were used to assess the internal consistency and the convergent and divergent validity of the scale and of each subscale identified. Three stable factors (laxness, overreactivity, and verbosity) were extracted, and their individual items demonstrated good internal consistency. The convergent and divergent validity of the scale (and subscales) were confirmed by its positive association with the material hardship of the families, the parental stress, and the antisocial behavior of the adolescents, their haughtiness and loneliness, and by its negative association with the adolescents’ social skills. Unlike previous studies that investigated parents’ rearing of young children, where verbosity was not detected as a significant factor, in adolescents, verbosity was detected as a factor affecting discipline. For adolescents in Hong Kong, verbosity is shown to be a dysfunctional parenting behavior; this is also true of Western adolescents but differs from traditional Chinese cultural beliefs.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to investigate the factor structure of several models of Arnold et al.’s Parenting Scale Arnold et al. (1993).
Psychological Assessment, 5
, 137–144 across ...children from various age groups and races. Participants were parents of children (ages 2–16 years) presenting to four community-based pediatric practices for routine care. Parents completed questionnaires pertaining to various aspects of parenting and child behavior problems. Results indicated that a two-factor revision proposed by Reitman et al. (2001).
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30
, 514–524 represented the data well and better than the original three-factor structure and other two-factor models. Results from multigroup CFA analyses indicated that this factor structure did not vary across child sex, child age, and parental race. Results of validity analyses indicated that scores on both factors were related to reports of children’s behavior and parental affect and cognitions. This study was the first to use multigroup CFA procedures to demonstrate that relationships between individual items and factors of the Parenting Scale are similar for parents of children across various age groups.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We evaluated the relative goodness-of-fit of two factor structures of the Parenting Scale (Arnold, O'Leary, Wolf, {&} Acker, 1993) among two samples of low-income African American families. ...Participants included 271 mother-child dyads from urban and rural areas in the southern and southeastern US, who completed the Parenting Scale along with other measures of parenting style and dyadic relationship. Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA) indicated that a two-factor solution, comprising Laxness and Overreactivity dimensions, was the better fit to the data. Some direct evidence for convergent validity was provided by a correlation between the Laxness factor of the Parenting Scale and the Firm/Lax Control subscale of the Children's Report of Parenting Behavior Inventory (CRPBI). Results are discussed in term of Brody and Flor's (1998) "no nonsense" parenting style. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The psychometric properties of the
Parenting Scale (Arnold, O'Leary, Wolff, and Acker, 1993), a 30-item instrument originally developed to assess the discipline practices of parents of preschool ...children, were examined for parents of middle school students. Subjects were 298 parents of middle school students identified as at-risk for problem behavior. An exploratory factor analysis identified two factors labeled `Overreactivity' and `Laxness', closely resembling two of the factors found by Arnold et al., but each of these factors contained only six items. Confirmatory factor analyses, using data from the first two assessments, replicated this factor structure. The factors were significantly correlated with measures of parents' behavior, with scales from the Child Behavior Checklist and Parent Daily Reports, and with the Beck Depression Inventory. The Laxness factor was less robust than the Overreactivity factor.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The aims of this paper were to examine the psychometric properties of the Parenting Scale in an Australian sample and to provide normative data on this scale for Australian mothers of preschool‐aged ...children. The total sample included 1,656 mothers of children attending randomly selected preschools and mothers attending parenting groups. Principal components analysis of the Parenting Scale items supported the original three‐factor structure described by the scale's authors. Consistent with previous research, the Laxness and Overreactivity subscales demonstrated high levels of reliability and validity, whereas the Verbosity subscale did not. Specifically, the Overreactivity and Laxness subscales demonstrated high internal consistency, criterion validity and correlated significantly with measures of child behaviour. Whereas, scores on the Verbosity subscale demonstrated low internal consistency, did not differentiate between the two samples in the study, and had small, nonsignificant correlations with child behaviour scores.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK